Application clef: treble clef, move up twice to record the score. Practical range: group D- group F. Practical range: small group D_ small group F structure consists of flute head (single spring, flute piece), small tube, main tube (two sections), bell mouth and mechanical key system. The flute head of clarinet
Ordinary type: hard rubber, ABS plastic, phenolic resin, etc. Professional type: specially treated ebony, rosewood, mahogany or plexiglass. Materials used: common type: hard rubber, ABS plastic, phenolic resin, etc. Musical instrument features: the high-pitched area is loud, the midrange area is rich in expressions, and the timbre is pure, clear and beautiful. The bass area is deep, rich and full, and it is the most widely used instrument in the woodwind family. Clarinet is a kind of woodwind instrument, usually made of African black wood, made of wood, hard rubber or metal, with a beak-shaped mouthpiece and a round hollow. The tube body is a detachable bell mouth, and the tube body is cylindrical with an open lower end. A reed is fixed at the blowhole. When the player blows through the space between the reed and the mouthpiece, and the lower lip is under appropriate pressure, the tip of the thin reed vibrates, so that the air column in the instrument tube begins to vibrate, thus giving off a soft timbre. Its roots can be traced back to the horn and bagpipes, and it is generally believed that it evolved from a single reed instrument like a clarinet-reed flute.
Edit this clarinet performance.
Clarinet playing instruments widely used in orchestras, military bands, jazz bands and light music groups. Belongs to woodwind instruments. China, commonly known as clarinet, has various Bohm clarinets with keys 17~23. (1) Music score and range: Clarinet is a transposed instrument, which is recorded with a treble scale, and the music score range is e-e(4). (2) timbre and volume: the bass area, usually called the "emoticon area", has a deep, rich and dramatic pronunciation; The timbre in the treble area is pure, bright, rich and round; The timbre of alto has no obvious personality, and its pronunciation is weak, which can be integrated with the timbre of many instruments; The highest sound zone is sharp and wild, with a whistle. Except for the extremely high sound zone, all other sound zones of clarinet can control the volume amplitude change from ppp to ff. The alto can also reach the range from ppp to mf. (3) Playing skills: Clarinet is also a very sensitive instrument. It is not as smooth and fast as flute in staccato, but it plays melody, scale, arpeggio and jumping quite well. It can easily play all kinds of wonderful phrases that combine staccato and staccato, which can be comparable to flute in these aspects. For clarinet staccato, all three methods can be used, and the simplest and most commonly used method is single spitting. Naturally, it won't be too fast to staccato with a single spit. Tremolo and vibrato can be easily played in any sound area of clarinet. (4) Whistle: The clarinet must be equipped with a whistle to vibrate and sound. If the whistle is damaged during use, the clarinet will not sound or make a harsh sound. There are many models of modern whistles: 1 (for beginners or young people), No.2 (for beginners or people with insufficient inspiration) and No.3 (for ordinary whistles, generally used).
Edit this clarinet configuration file.
Clarinet is customarily called clarinet in China, but it is called clarinet in Hongkong and Taiwan Province province. Clarinet is translated into English as "clarinet", and Italian Clarinetto, French Clarinette and German clarinette are collectively called "kral Knight" internationally. This instrument uses reeds to make sounds. It is one of the western woodwind instruments. It originated in ancient Greece at the end of17th century and was introduced to China at the end of19th century. The original clarinet was a musical instrument called reed flute in ancient Europe. It is cylindrical, with no buttons or speakers, and only seven sound holes. Later, the reed flute gradually evolved into the only direct ancestor of clarinet-Charumo. With the development of music, this instrument is constantly improving. According to relevant data, the first person who reformed this musical instrument was a German musical instrument manufacturer named John Denner (John Denner 1655- 1707). He installed two keys on the instrument tube (one is the A key controlled by the left index finger, and the other is the 12 degree overtone key controlled by the left thumb) and a trumpet, which is the first two-tone clarinet invented by Dai Naidie. From then on, it paved the way for the development of clarinet, and then Basse specially lengthened the barrel of the instrument and added a third key (bass E, turning the overtone of 12 degree to B); Joseph Beer (1744-1811), the founder of the German school of music, installed the fourth and fifth keys on the instrument, adding four notes (F in bass, A in bass, C in 12 degrees, and overtone. 179 1 year, Xavier Lefevere, a French clarinet player and a professor at the Paris Conservatory of Music, added a sixth key to this instrument. So far, the clarinet reform has gone through a century, and people from Dane to Lefevere have gone through hardships, making the clarinet develop into six tones. During this period, the clarinet playing technology has also developed greatly. During this period, Mozart composed a clarinet concerto in A major and applied clarinet to the orchestra for the first time. Almost at the same time, Stamitz and his son vigorously developed clarinet art, and Stamitz Jr. wrote more than 20 concertos for clarinet. Miao Lei (muller 1786- 1845), a famous German clarinet player, has successfully developed a thirteen-key clarinet that can play a variety of modes. The clarinet with this new structure has greatly developed the player's skills and won people's praise. Later, it was further improved, making it more exquisite, and formed the Miao Lei system. Nowadays, German and Austrian clarinet players mostly use Miao Lei instruments. 1839, famous clarinet player, professor of Paris Conservatory of Music, founder of French music school, Klose (1808- 188 1) and famous French musical instrument manufacturer Louis Auguste Buffett did a lot of work to improve the thirteen-key clarinet. After they introduced the movable round key system invented by Boehm (1794- 1880) for flute, the development of clarinet entered a new milestone. In 1839, they introduced Bohm clarinet for the first time in history, and later combined with Andiel (and IR/kloc). Although this instrument has been improved in modern times, it has been more than a century and a half since 1839, and the basic structure of Auntie clarinet invented by Klose has been maintained until now. Color clarinet f
/kloc-at the beginning of the 9th century, Mr Berman published his own clarinet playing method, which was the first clarinet course in the world. At the end of 19, Rozanov and Rossi published their own clarinet courses, especially Rozanov, which opened clarinet teaching in the Conservatory of Music and opened up a formal learning path for clarinet students.
Edit the characteristics of this paragraph
* With a wide range of nearly four octaves, it is the champion of the wind music family. * Deep bass, rich midrange and bright treble, which is suitable for expressing various musical personalities, and is very expressive in both band performance and solo performance. * Very flexible in playing, excellent in melody, scale, arpeggio and vocalization. * Clarinet family has about ten kinds of pipes with different pitches and tonality, which is easy to switch. * It is relatively cheap in western musical instruments, and requires less economic conditions for learners. * Suitable for children to learn clarinet at any age after changing their teeth. * First of all, learning clarinet can be easily transferred to saxophone. * Clarinet is small and easy to carry, and can be played in parks and lakes. Clarinet timbre is one of the most expressive woodwind instruments and is known as "orator". Clarinet is one of the simplest and most pleasing overtones in woodwind instruments. * But I didn't play well when I was a beginner.
Edit this paragraph structure
Clarinet is the most special of all woodwind instruments. All other woodwind instruments are pronounced according to the open pipe principle, and only the clarinet is cylindrical. Like a flute, the operating part (pipe and tail pipe) is cylindrical, but the mouthpiece pipe is conical. As for the clarinet family, it is cylindrical from beginning to end. The pipes of musical instruments are all made of wood, and one is divided into five sections. The reason why it is made into five sections is entirely for the convenience of maintenance and carrying. Because the gas column is a closed pipe principle, the pipe length is only half that of other wooden pipes. Clarinet beats can be divided into B-flat and A-flat, both of which are used as transposed instruments. At present, Bem clarinet has become a universal standard in the world. Blowing nozzle: bamboo pieces are fixed on the blowing nozzle. Using the thin seam between the bamboo piece and the blowing nozzle, the bamboo piece vibrates and makes a sound when blowing. There are two ways to fix bamboo pieces: France and Germany. The French use beam rings, which are made of metal, plastic and rubber. German style is tied with rope. Upper joint: the upper joint is operated by the left hand, which requires high technical requirements for clarinet manufacturing. The manufacturing relationship of the tuyere is very close. Some of the sound holes pressed by the ring finger of the left hand are equipped with a key position machine, and some are not. Now it is more and more common to have no keyboard machine, because the best thing is to install a keyboard machine. Lower joint: The lower joint is operated by the right hand, and the first thing to make it is to be able to make a correct melody. Horn tube: the horn is the part that makes the gas column in the tube expand into the atmosphere. This kind of reed only works when playing bass: a thin bamboo piece made of reed.
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Common clarinets are bB and A, but in fact there are about ten kinds of pipes with different pitches and tonality in clarinet family (starting from the lowest): octave (BBbB), octave (EEEb), bass, subwoofer (BBB/GG), alto (EEb), bass (BBB) and alto (Eb). Basset (Bb/D/A), soprano, tenor (a/bB), soprano, tenor (Eb/D/C) (1), clarinet with the highest sound: keys F, bE and D3, which are five, four and three degrees higher than those of the conventional BB clarinet, and the bE key is common. (2) alto clarinet: there are bE and f keys. The other Bassett clarinet is made by 1760. The improved Bassett clarinet is in F key, which is one note higher than the bE clarinet. This is a slightly smaller bass clarinet with the horn up. (3) Bass clarinet: It is eight degrees lower than clarinet and looks like a saxophone. The whistle tube is bent, and the horn is up. The notation is made of a treble spectrum table. ли. Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky's "Nutcracker" suite has excellent performance and is the standard instrument of military bands. (4) Bass oboe, in bB key, is an octave lower than bass clarinet, which is relatively rare. Bassett clarinet Bassett clarinet is a close relative of clarinet. The voice is very "warm" and sweet, and it was once deeply loved by the public. There are usually three kinds: C, bB and A, with A as the main one. The range is wider than that of clarinet. Mozart wrote five suites and concertos for this purpose. However, the intonation of this instrument is extremely difficult to control and the fingering is extremely difficult to master. The best basset player in the world today is Mozart's good friend Anthony Stadeler (1753- 18 12). However, after Staade was strangled, this instrument gradually faded out of the music scene because of its great difficulty.
Edit this section of maintenance
The production of clarinet is generally divided into two types: one is rubber tube and the other is wooden tube. Mahogany and ebony are used for wooden pipes, and ebony is generally used for high-end musical instruments. ● Care of wooden clarinet ● When a new wooden clarinet instrument is purchased, the clarinet is made of natural wood (GRENADILLA), so it is very sensitive to drastic temperature and humidity changes, which is also the reason for the damage and rupture of the pipe. Therefore, for the use of newly bought musical instruments, the first performance time should be short (about five minutes), the second performance time should be ten minutes, and the third performance time should be twenty minutes. Remember to coat the inner and outer pipes with drilling oil to prevent the wooden pipes from breaking. [Note]: Wooden clarinets and new musical instruments must be fully oiled on the inner and outer pipes-both white oil and sewing machine oil can be used. Don't blow for too long the first time. The reason is that the wood activity of the new instrument is relatively strong, from 5 minutes to 10 minutes. Don't use this instrument on windy days in winter, and it is best not to take it outdoors. Don't put the musical instrument in a place with heating and high temperature, and don't expose it to the sun in summer, which can prevent or reduce the cracks of the wooden clarinet. ● Before installation, apply cork grease to the joint for lubrication. Please be careful not to push hard on the keys. ● Maintenance after playing 1. Remove water from the pipe: use a cloth (M) to completely remove water from the pipe. Moisture is easy to remain at the joints, so please carefully remove it with polished gauze to avoid cracks. [(m): refers to medium cloth] 2. Cleaning of the mouthpiece: Please take off the reed and dry it properly after playing. Clean the mouthpiece after use, and then insert a cloth from the joint to remove moisture. 3. Remove moisture from the leather pad: put absorbent paper between the leather pad and the sound hole to absorb moisture, and be careful not to damage the leather pad. 4. Remove the dirt on the surface: wipe it gently along the pipe body with polishing cloth, and don't press the button hard to avoid damaging the leather pad. Note: After cleaning, the rag should be placed separately from the musical instrument to prevent the musical instrument from getting wet. ● Weekly maintenance detail cleaning: cooperate with the cleaning of the pipe body, and use the sound hole cleaning rod to clean the details at the lower side of the key and the gap when necessary. ● Check the maintenance key once a month: check whether the key is flexible. You can use a small brush or waste brush to remove dirt from the gap, and check whether the keys are flexible and the screws are loose. Use key oil to drop a small amount of key oil on the key screw without loosening the screw. Don't drop too much, just one or two drops. If it gets on the pipe, wipe the movable button clean. Sound hole cleaning: please use sound hole cleaning to remove the dirt on the sound hole of the key. ● Annual maintenance is sent to a professional musical instrument store for maintenance (comprehensive maintenance): professionals will help you detect whether the leather cushion leaks and replace it. At the same time, conduct a comprehensive clean-up. (including screws, corks, keys, etc. ) ● After clarinet nursing electroplating, the surface of clarinet will change color after a period of time, which has no effect on performance. As long as it is rubbed, it will restore its original luster. ● Spray painting: paint polishing and spray cleaning agent ● Silver plating: silver polishing and silver cleaning agent ● Metal: metal polishing and metal cleaning agent, and if there is any problem, don't mess it up yourself, because the quality of musical instruments of various manufacturers is not uniform, Buffett's musical instruments must be returned to the factory for maintenance, otherwise it will get worse and worse.
Edit this paragraph to learn.
In fact, among all kinds of musical instruments, clarinet has lower requirements for learners' innate conditions. As a wind instrument, it does not need a certain "childlike skill" like stringed instruments and pianos, that is, the decline of finger flexibility in adulthood is not conducive to practice, nor does it need a high vital capacity like most other wind instruments. The required lung capacity of clarinet is not only smaller than brass instruments such as trumpet and trombone or large woodwind instruments such as saxophone, but also smaller than woodwind instruments such as flute (flute does not include the whole flute head, so the breath utilization rate is lower than clarinet). Because of this, clarinet is suitable for children after tooth replacement, and people of all ages can learn clarinet easily. In fact, as long as the cardiopulmonary function is normal and the upper teeth are basically neat (the lower teeth are wrapped by the lower lip when playing, which has little effect), it is suitable for learning clarinet! When you start learning any musical instrument, even as a hobby, you should hire a tutor or take a class, and clarinet learning is no exception. Because clarinet teaching varies greatly from place to place, the clarinet starting point here does not provide detailed guidance, but in principle, teachers who have clarinet teaching experience and are good at playing should be hired, which is better than teachers who only teach a variety of musical instruments, but teachers or performers working in professional colleges and groups are usually good at saxophone teaching besides clarinet.
Edit this passage and play the clarinet with various breathing methods.
1. 2. The abdomen contracts inward when blowing. 3. Metaphysical breathing, such as imagining your breathing when you blow, or holding your chest and pulling your back. 4. Try the full suction method. First of all, it is suggested to play the movements of musical instruments. Imagination is a kind of exercise, and at the same time try not to talk about feelings. For playing musical instruments, it is simplified to two simple actions: inhaling and exhaling. Inhalation and exhalation often make the mistake of inhaling too reluctantly and caring too much about the movements of the lower abdomen. Inhale air into abdomen, chest, back, waist, etc. In order. Suck as much as possible, and then blow, which can be completed smoothly and the volume is much higher. When playing a musical instrument, just like we shoot an arrow, whether the arrow shoots far or not depends on your preparation for drawing the bow. The tighter the bow and arrow is pulled, the greater the power. In other words, whether the music you blow out is good or not depends on the preparation when you inhale; The more prepared, the better the sound quality will be. The most basic idea of this method is to emphasize the elasticity of the body and use the elasticity of the body to store the energy when playing. So as long as the body is more elastic, you can blow out longer phrases. Secondly, about exhaling, because in this respect, what we should practice when playing musical instruments is to master the sound quality. The sound quality represents your ability to control musical instruments, and while playing musical instruments, we should make a healthy musical instrument, that is, the healthy vocalization method that vocal music often emphasizes. Timbre is like a fine powder on the sound quality, so a good sound must have a good sound quality. To judge whether your performance is correct, you should listen to the feeling of your voice in the distance, not the wonderful echo you hear in a small room.
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Clarinet fingerboard
Edit the main clarinet manufacturers in this paragraph.
At present, the most important clarinet manufacturers in the world are Selmer in selman, USA, which mainly produce high-end brands, Buffy Buffett in France, Andiel in Andiel, USA, LeBron in Liblanc and Yamaha in Japan, which mainly produce student pipes and various high-end professional pipes. The manufacturer of clarinet fittings is most famous for producing auxiliary equipment rico, such as flute heads, whistles and clips.
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When buying clarinet, you need to determine the purpose of learning clarinet first. If you just want to take clarinet as a hobby, or start with the mentality of trying to learn clarinet, it is recommended to buy domestic musical instruments first. The price of domestic primary clarinet is usually between 300-800 yuan. Although this instrument can only be used for two years at most, or even one year in many cases, you can determine whether you really like clarinet and whether you are willing to continue studying, so as to decide whether it is more suitable for advanced learning. The price is generally around 2000 yuan. Especially if you want to hire a tutor, it is recommended to find a teacher before buying a musical instrument, because many professional clarinet teachers have strict requirements on what kind of musical instruments students use. When choosing clarinet, it is necessary to do some basic checks on the quality of musical instruments. I suggest you find a friend who knows clarinet better to help you choose. If you need to check by yourself, it mainly depends on several aspects: (1) whether the appearance is bright, whether there are scratches, and whether the gloss of the keys is symmetrical; (2) Whether the assembled paragraphs are closely connected; (3) Whether the key is completely closed after being pressed, with no gap; (4) Whether the key linkage is compliant and whether there is noise; (5) Whether the key screw is loose; (6) Whether the contents of the musical instrument box are consistent with those in the manual (usually, in addition to the musical instrument itself, there are pipe cloth, one or two whistles, whistle clips, flute headgear and cork paste of some clarinets). Modern clarinets used now are all French standard clarinets, including 17, 18,19,21. In addition to the most commonly used clarinet in B flat major, there are clarinet in A flat major, clarinet in E flat major (tenor clarinet), clarinet in bass and clarinet in middle tone. It is very important to buy a convenient clarinet. Just starting to learn, you can buy cheaper popular products. Most of these instruments are made of special plastic, which is not easy to crack (the advanced clarinet is made of ebony, which is not well protected and easy to crack). The import price is around 4,000 yuan, such as BUFFET in France, Yamaha in Japan and JUPITER in Taiwan Province Province. It is very important for beginners to choose a new flute head. French-made "Wandering" brand advanced flute head is a good choice, and the price is around 500-600 yuan. In addition, Yamaha and Jeppert in Japan have retail flute heads, and the price is around 100 yuan. Soft and hard whistles are distinguished by numbers. The smaller the number, the thinner the texture and the softer the whistle. Therefore, children who are just beginning to learn should use sentry number 1.5, which is good for fixing their mouth shape and breathing correctly. Never use a good sentry. In the musical instrument kingdom, clarinet is a relatively common and cheap musical instrument. Even if it is advanced, the highest is only a few thousand yuan, and the cheapest is only a few hundred yuan. No matter what the price, it is most important to choose a useful instrument. Therefore, it is best to buy musical instruments under the guidance of professional teachers or professionals. Because even musical instruments with the same price have different quality. For example: pitch; The height of the key; Hardness of the spring; Whether there is air leakage; Whether the timbre of the upper and lower segments are consistent; Whether the vibration is good. This knowledge should be understood when buying musical instruments. From 65438 to 0888, American company C. G. Conn continuously developed new wind instruments, the most influential of which was the birth of the world's first saxophone in the hands of designer Gus Buescher. In the same year, the company developed an all-metal clarinet and applied for a patent. Although this achievement is not as remarkable as the appearance of saxophone, this unique clarinet still breaks the monopoly of wooden clarinet and opens a special period in the history of clarinet development. This new clarinet, named "Wonder", is a double-tube Albert clarinet. When 1895 went on the market, there were only 2000 clarinets, all of which were gold-plated keys and silver tubes. This clarinet unexpectedly has a nearly perfect timbre. In addition to meeting the needs at that time, the timbre of the design is also higher than that of the modern clarinet, which can bring extraordinary performance experience to the players.
Edit this passage for China clarinet.
1. The earliest clarinet major known in China is Mu Zhiqing, a clarinet professor at Sichuan Conservatory of Music. 1904 began to learn clarinet. 2. The earliest overseas clarinet player in China was Qin (who later became a famous national music conductor). 195 1 visited Hungary as a clarinet professor and had a performance exchange with his peers. 3. The earliest clarinet in China was born in 1952. This instrument was copied by Yihua Musical Instrument Company at that time according to the Selmer clarinet samples provided by customers. 4. Variations on Subei Tune is the earliest music written for clarinet in China. It was written by Mr. Zhang Wu (deceased), a clarinet professor at the Central Conservatory of Music, on 1952 (at the age of 25) after experiencing life in rural areas in northern Anhui. 5. The earliest public clarinet student in China was Mr. Zhang Renfu (deceased; Performer of Central Orchestra) and Mr. Liu (former vice president and professor of Shenyang Conservatory of Music) studied clarinet at 1955- 196 1 in Leipzig, Germany. 6. The first clarinet player to win an international prize in China was Tao, a professor at the Central Conservatory of Music. She won the third prize of clarinet in 1959 "the 7th World Youth and Students Festival" wind music competition. She is also the earliest known female clarinet major in China. 7. The earliest monograph on clarinet performance in China was published by People's Music Publishing House 1973 and edited by Mr. Ma Xifu. 8. The earliest clarinet concerto "The Voice of Pamirs" in China was born in 1982, which was developed by Mr. Hu Bijing from the Song and Dance Troupe of the Political Department of the Air Force according to the music of his dance "Snow Lotus on an Iceberg". 9. The earliest clarinet industry organization in China-clarinet Beijing Research Association (affiliated to the Performing Arts Committee of the China Musicians Association) was established in 1 984165438+1October1. Its members are clarinet professionals from various music groups and colleges in Beijing, and its president is Mr. Zhang Renfu. 10. The earliest clarinet competition in China started at 1985. It is called "Beijing Youth Clarinet Competition", and Tao Guangxu won the first place in this competition. 1 1. 1988 19-year-old China youth He Yi won the third place in the International Clarinet Association Youth Competition held in Richmond, USA, becoming the highest ranked person for China youth to participate in such competitions in western developed countries. 12. The earliest clarinet teaching material in China is the Practical Course of Clarinet Playing published by China Youth Publishing House 1992, edited by Mr. Wang Zhanqi, the former clarinet chief of the PLA Military Orchestra. 13. The earliest clarinet grading course in China is a nationwide clarinet (amateur) grading course of Central Conservatory of Music. 1992 started an informal publishing attempt in the form of internal publications). 14. The first international clarinet art festival held in China was held in Beijing Friendship Hotel from August 8 to June 2, 1998. Four1world-class musicians from 16 countries were invited to attend and perform. The festival has a warm atmosphere, colorful programs and unprecedented scale, which is the first time in history. 15. The first national clarinet competition was 1994 "National Youth Clarinet Competition" held in xi 'an (the first session), sponsored by Xi Conservatory of Music.