In order to describe the basic situation of the development of the three leading industries in Fujian, according to the characteristics of industrial development, the market share is selected to describe the strength of the competitiveness of industries in the country; Sales growth rate describes the improvement of industrial competitiveness; Sales profit rate describes whether the industrial competitiveness can develop continuously; Location quotient reflects the degree of regional industrial specialization and compares it with the whole country and other four provinces in southeast China.
first, the electronic information industry.
development trend: the market share of Fujian's electronic information industry is about 5%, and it has strong competitiveness in the whole country. However, the market share dropped from 6.15% in 22 to 5.69% in 23, which is obviously in contrast with the continuous increase of other provinces in southeast China. The growth rate of sales growth rate declined in 23, which was 1.8 percentage points lower than the national average sales growth rate, showing that the competitiveness of the electronic information industry was declining. The sales profit rate reached 6.12% in 23, which was 2.23 percentage points higher than the national average and higher than the other four provinces in southeast China, indicating that the electronic information industry still has the ability of sustainable development. The location quotient of electronic information industry was 1.34 in 23, indicating a high degree of specialization, but the trend of continuous decline is obvious, and the degree of specialization is lower than that of Guangdong, Shanghai, Jiangsu and other provinces.
Basic conclusion: Fujian's electronic information industry has strong competitiveness, sustainable development and specialization in the whole country, but its competitiveness and specialization have obviously declined.
second, the petrochemical industry.
development trend: the market share of Fujian petrochemical industry is slightly more than 2%, and its competitiveness in the whole country is weak. However, the growth rate of sales increased significantly in 23, reaching 38.47%, which is in the forefront in southeast China, indicating that the competitiveness of petrochemical industry has been improved. The sales profit rate was 4.49% in 23, which was .59 percentage points higher than the national average, indicating that Fujian petrochemical industry has certain sustainable development ability. From the index of location quotient, it can be seen that the specialization degree of Fujian petrochemical industry is low, only .5 in 23, and it is declining continuously, and the specialization degree is far lower than that of Guangdong, Shanghai, Jiangsu and other provinces.
basic conclusion: the competitiveness of Fujian petrochemical industry is on the rise, and it has certain sustainable development ability, but its overall competitiveness is weak and its specialization degree is low.
third, machinery industry.
development trend: the market share of Fujian machinery industry is only about 2%, and its competitiveness in the whole country is low. However, the market share increased from 1.81% in 1999 to 2.37%. The sales growth rate rose from 28.89 in 2 to 41.12% in 23, and the sales growth rate was higher than the national average and was in the forefront of southeast China, indicating that the competitiveness of machinery industry was on the rise. The profit rate of sales is 1.64 percentage points higher than the national average, which shows that Fujian machinery industry has certain sustainable development ability. From the index of location quotient, it can be seen that the degree of specialization of Fujian machinery industry is low, only .65 in 23. Although it has increased year by year, the degree of specialization is far lower than that of other provinces in southeast China.
basic conclusion: the competitiveness of Fujian machinery industry is on the rise, and it has certain sustainable development ability, but the overall competitiveness and specialization degree are low in the whole country.
among the four indicators of Fujian's leading industries, competitiveness is the most important indicator. Based on this indicator, combined with the other three indicators, we can judge the basic situation of Fujian's three leading industries at present: electronic information has strong competitiveness, but it has shown a downward risk; Petrochemical industry and machinery industry are not competitive yet, but they are improving. The main problem faced by Fujian's electronic information industry is to further consolidate and enhance the competitiveness in the whole country and prevent the decline. The petrochemical industry and machinery industry are facing the same problem of improving their competitiveness in the whole country and making them bigger and stronger.
sustainable analysis of the development of leading industries
according to the theory of total factor production, this paper selects four major factors, namely capital, human resources, technology and industrial organization, to analyze the sustainable problems affecting the development of leading industries in Fujian. The sustainable development of leading industries also reflects the development potential of the whole industry at this stage.
first, the supply of funds.
Three leading industries: Fujian's share of foreign investment in the country has increased year by year, from 4.85% in 21 to 5.68% in 23. Among them, foreign capital increased significantly, while Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan capital declined. It shows that the capital supply of leading industries in Fujian is generally good, but it should be more attractive to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.
Electronic information industry: The share of Fujian's Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan capital and foreign capital in the whole country has both declined, from 6.63% and 4.14% in 21 to 5.79% and 3.63% in 23, respectively, reflecting that the attraction of Fujian's electronic information industry to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and foreign capital is weakening.
petrochemical industry: the share of Fujian, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan's capital in the whole country decreased from 14.16% in 21 to 11.99% in 23, but the share of foreign capital in the whole country increased from 1.86% in 21 to 6.19%, which reflected that Fujian's electronic information industry was less attractive to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, but more attractive to foreign capital.
machinery industry: the share of Fujian, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan capital and foreign capital in the whole country increased slightly, from 8.39% and 2.65% in 21 to 9.51% and 3.9% in 23 respectively, reflecting that Fujian's machinery industry has become more attractive to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan capital and foreign capital.
second, the supply of human resources.
Human resources play an important role in supporting and guaranteeing the industrialization process. The basic supply of regional human resources is analyzed by the following three indicators.
indicator 1: population with various education levels per 1, people in each region. In 23, the population of Fujian province with college degree or above per 1, people was 2,967, which was only 82% of the national average, ranking the last among the five provinces in southeast China. The education level of high school and technical secondary school is also lower than the national average.
indicator 2: the proportion of engineering students in colleges and universities. In 23, the rate in Fujian was 29.89%, which was lower than the national level by more than 3 percentage points.
indicator 3: the number of scientific and technological personnel per 1, people. There were 21 people in Fujian in 23, which was lower than the national level of 25 people. The above three indicators reflecting the status of human resources show that there is a certain gap between the quality of human resources in the process of industrialization in Fujian Province and the national average level, and the gap is even greater with the five provinces in southeast China.
third, the technical level.
the process of industrialization is a process of continuous technological innovation, so the regional technological level plays an important role in the process of industrialization. Select the following three indicators to analyze the regional technical level.
indicator 1: the ratio of R&D expenditure to GDP. Although the ratio of R&D expenditure to GDP in Fujian Province has increased year by year, reaching .72 in 23, it is only 55% of the national average.
indicator 2: the number of three patent applications granted by each region. Fujian province is higher than the national average, but it is the least among the five provinces in southeast China, and the number of inventions reflecting the core technology development ability is not only far lower than other provinces in southeast China, but also significantly lower than the national average, accounting for 41% of the national average.
indicator 3: technology market turnover. Fujian province is significantly lower than other provinces in southeast China, only 48% of the national average. The above three indicators reflecting the technical level show that there is a big gap between Fujian's technical level in the process of industrialization and the national average level, and the gap is more obvious with the five provinces in southeast China.
iv. industrial organization.
this paper makes an overall evaluation and analysis on the performance of industrial organizations according to the degree of economies of scale, and finds that the proportion of total industrial output value and the proportion of enterprise units of large enterprises in Fujian province are lower than the national average, among which the proportion of total industrial output value in 23 was lower than the national 13.12 percentage points, and the proportion of enterprise units was lower than the national .57 percentage points. The proportion of total industrial output value and number of enterprises in medium-sized and above enterprises decreased from higher than the national average in 21 to lower than the national average in 23. Among them, the proportion of total industrial output value in 23 was lower than the national 6.17 percentage points, and the proportion of number of enterprises was lower than the national 2.91 percentage points. In terms of enterprise scale, Fujian's industrial scale is lower than the national level, and the economies of scale need to be improved.
to sum up, in addition to the good capital supply, Fujian's human resources, technical level and industrial organization scale are all significantly behind the national average, and the gap with other provinces in southeast China is even more obvious in comparable indicators. From 21 to 23, Fujian's industrial added value increased by 14.31% annually, which was 2.37 percentage points higher than the national average. From this, we can make a basic judgment: from 21 to 23, capital was the main factor supporting the rapid development of Fujian's industry, while other factors were seriously weakened, and the supply of factors showed unbalanced and abnormal development. Relying mainly on the support of a single factor, Fujian's leading industries and industrial development are at greater risk. The main reasons that restrict the development of Fujian's leading industries are the poor quality of human resources, low technical level and low efficiency of industrial organization. Due to the influence of these factors, Fujian's industrial development potential has been seriously insufficient.
based on the industrial structure theory and total factor theory of economic growth, the following three conclusions are drawn: capital is the main factor supporting the rapid development of Fujian's industry, while other factors are seriously weakened, and the supply of factors presents unbalanced and abnormal development; Because of relying mainly on the support of a single factor, Fujian's leading industries and industrial development are at greater risk; The competitiveness of leading industries in Fujian is generally weak, and the stamina of industrial development is seriously insufficient. The main reasons that restrict the stamina of industrial development are the low quality of human resources, low technical level and weak economies of scale. The above situation has affected Fujian's leading industries and industrial development trend, and must be changed as soon as possible.