The origin of the concept of "internal combustion engine" for automobile engines
1680, Hoorns, a Dutch scientist, was inspired by the principle of artillery and thought that it would be good to use the powerful power of artillery shells to propel other machinery.
At first, he used gunpowder as an explosive to burn the explosive, turned the shell into a "piston", regarded the barrel as a "cylinder" and opened the one-way valve. When the gunpowder is injected into the cylinder and ignited, the gunpowder explodes and burns, pushing the piston to move upwards to generate power. The air pressure generated by the explosion pushes open the one-way valve and discharges the waste gas.
After the piston moves in one direction, the residual exhaust gas in the cylinder gradually becomes cold, and the air pressure outside the cylinder becomes lower, pushing the piston downward to prepare for the next explosion. This is the simplest piston movement cycle.
Of course, due to the long distance and low efficiency, Hu Ensi didn't succeed in the end, but he first put forward the idea of "internal combustion engine".
How did you get your first car engine?
1859, French engineer Lenova made the first practical internal combustion engine, but it is still an inefficient gas engine.
1876, the German engineer Otto invented the four-stroke internal combustion engine and made a gas engine working according to the four-stroke principle, which is called the Otto cycle engine, which is an epoch-making progress of the internal combustion engine.
1879, German engineer karl benz successfully tested the two-stroke experimental engine for the first time. Adopting a two-stroke single-cylinder gasoline engine with 0.9 horsepower,
1893, the German Delserre invented the diesel engine. At the age of 34 (1892), he obtained a patent for the invention of a mechanical device, which pressed air into a container and fully mixed with pulverized coal until compression combustion provided power.
The first real car was invented by Carl Benz, who was one of the founders of Mercedes-Benz. Ben Ci's great contribution lies not in his own achievements, but in the change of ideas, that is, the realization of automation and the use of internal combustion engines.
Automobile engine is the device that provides power for automobile, and it is the heart of automobile, which determines the power, economy, stability and environmental protection of automobile. The engine consists of engine body, crank-connecting rod mechanism, valve train, oil supply system, ignition system, cooling system, lubrication system and starting system.
group
The engine block consists of a cylinder head, an engine block and an oil pan. It is used as the assembly basis of various engine mechanisms and systems, and its own components are many crank-connecting rod mechanisms, valve train, oil supply system, cooling system and lubrication system. The cylinder head and the inner wall of the cylinder block together form a combustion chamber.
Crank train
Crank-connecting rod mechanism includes piston, connecting rod and crankshaft with flywheel. It is a mechanism that converts the linear reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotary motion of the crankshaft and outputs power.
Air intake transmission device
The valve mechanism includes intake valve, exhaust valve, rocker arm, valve lash adjuster, camshaft, camshaft timing pulley, etc. Its function is to make the combustible mixture fill the cylinder in time and discharge the exhaust gas in the cylinder in time.
Supply system
The supply system includes gasoline pump, gasoline filter, mixed gas forming device, air filter, intake pipe, exhaust pipe, exhaust muffler, etc. Its function is to mix gasoline and air into a combustible mixture with appropriate composition, which is supplied to the cylinder for combustion, and the exhaust gas produced by combustion is discharged from the engine.
cooling system
The cooling system mainly includes water pump, radiator, fan, water distribution pipe, and cavities in cylinder block and cylinder head-water jacket. Its function is to dissipate the heat of the heated parts into the atmosphere to ensure the normal operation of the engine.
lubrication system
Lubrication system includes oil pump, oil filter, pressure limiting valve, lubricating oil channel, oil filter, etc. Its function is to provide lubricating oil for relatively moving parts, so as to reduce the friction resistance between them, reduce the wear of parts, partially cool parts and clean the friction surface.
combustion system
The ignition system includes battery, generator, distributor, ignition coil and spark plug. Its function is to ensure that the compressed combustible mixture in the cylinder is ignited in time according to the specified time.
Start the concentration system
Starter includes starter and its accessories, which are used to start the fixed engine and make it run automatically.
Classification and basic (structural) construction principles of engines
According to the fuel classification of engines, piston internal combustion engines are mainly divided into three categories: gasoline engines, diesel engines and gas fuel engines. Piston internal combustion engines fueled by gasoline and diesel are called gasoline engines and diesel engines respectively. Piston internal combustion engines that use natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas and other gaseous fuels are called gas fuel engines.
According to the different cooling modes of the engine, piston internal combustion engines are divided into water-cooled type and air-cooled type. Water-cooled internal combustion engine with water or coolant as cooling medium meets the requirements of air-responsive internal combustion engine. Reciprocating piston internal combustion engines are also classified according to the number of strokes that the piston reciprocates in the working cycle.
Every time the piston internal combustion engine completes a working cycle, it will do work outward once and continue to complete the working cycle, so that thermal energy can be continuously converted into mechanical energy. An internal combustion engine whose piston reciprocates for four strokes in a working cycle is called a four-stroke reciprocating piston internal combustion engine, while an internal combustion engine whose piston completes the working cycle with two strokes is called a two-stroke reciprocating piston internal combustion engine.
According to the number of cylinders, engines can be divided into single-cylinder engines and multi-cylinder engines. An engine with only one cylinder is called a single cylinder engine; An engine with more than two cylinders is called a multi-cylinder engine. For example, two cylinders, three cylinders, four cylinders, five cylinders, six cylinders, eight cylinders and twelve cylinders are all multi-cylinder engines. Modern automobile engines mostly use four-cylinder, six-cylinder and eight-cylinder engines.
Internal combustion engines can be divided into single-row engines and double-row engines according to the arrangement of cylinders: the cylinders of single-row engines are arranged in a row, usually vertically, but sometimes they are inclined or even horizontally in order to reduce the height; A double-row engine is a V-type engine in which cylinders are arranged in two rows, and the included angle between the two rows is 180 (generally 90). If the included angle between two rows is 180, it is called an opposed engine.
According to the different intake state of the engine, the piston internal combustion engine can be divided into supercharged type and non-supercharged type. If the intake air is close to the atmosphere, it is an unpressurized internal combustion engine or a naturally aspirated internal combustion engine; If a supercharger is used to increase the intake pressure and intake density, it is a supercharged internal combustion engine. Pressurized cocoa will return to the empty year
At present, the water-cooled four-stroke reciprocating piston internal combustion engine is the most widely used and the largest number of automobile engines, among which gasoline engines are used in cars, light buses and trucks, and diesel engines are used in buses and medium-heavy trucks. A few cars, light buses and trucks also use diesel engines. Few cars are driven by air-cooled or two-stroke piston internal combustion engines. Especially since the 1980s, there are no more cars driven by two-stroke piston internal combustion engines in the world.
Principle of multi-point gasoline injection system with engine flow: Air intake is the main factor to control fuel injection.
A. Flow-type electronically controlled gasoline injection system (L-type) converts the air flow into electrical signals and sends them to the computer, which controls the fuel injection quantity.
B, hot wire (hot film) electronic control gasoline injection system (LH type) air flowmeter. After the resistance of hot wire (hot film) is cooled by air, the change of its resistance value is transmitted to the computer in the form of current signal, and the computer controls the fuel injection quantity.
C Carmen vortex (LD-type) air flow produces vortex behind the cylinder when the air inlet passes through the cylinder. The size of the vortex is proportional to the flow rate and the flow rate, which is converted into an electrical signal by the photoelectric generator and transmitted to the computer, and the computer controls the fuel injection amount.
It may be the first day I walked into the car showroom, or I started selling cars just one month after I joined the company, or I may have sold dozens or hundreds of cars. Anyway, you can find something completely new in this article. It may be a cliche, a practical tool, an observation of customers, or a clue that can be used in your car sales work and play a role.
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