Thomas Alva Edison (1847, February11-1,10, 10/8) was born in Milan, Ohio. Inventors and entrepreneurs.
Edison was the first person in human history to make use of a large number of production principles and electrical engineering research laboratories to patent inventions, which had a far-reaching impact on the world. His invention of the phonograph, movie camera and electric light had a great influence on the world. He had more than 2,000 inventions and 1000 patents in his life. Edison was named the ninth among 100 people who influenced the United States by the authoritative American periodical Atlantic Monthly.
Extended data:
Major achievements
electric gramophone
1877, Edison found that the diaphragm in the telephone transmitter would vibrate with the voice of speech, so he took a short needle and did an experiment, from which he was greatly inspired. Speech speed can make the short needle vibrate accordingly. On the other hand, this kind of vibration will definitely make the original sound, so he began to study the problem of sound reproduction.
/kloc-in August of 0/5, Edison asked his assistant to make a "strange machine" consisting of a large cylinder, a crank, a receiver and a diaphragm according to the pattern. When finished, Edison took out a piece of tin foil and rolled it on a metal cylinder engraved with spiral grooves, so that one end of the needle could be rotated by gently rubbing the tin foil.
The other end is connected to the receiver, then Edison shakes the crank to sing to the receiver, then puts the needle back in its original position, and then shakes the crank, and then the machine will release Edison's voice. In February 65438, Edison publicly demonstrated this "tin foil cylinder phonograph", which caused a sensation all over the world.
electric light
Contrary to popular understanding, Edison was not the inventor of electric light at first, but Edison improved it. As early as 180 1 year, a British chemist named humphry davy used platinum wire to electrify and glow in the laboratory. 18 10, he invented the "electric candle" which was illuminated by the arc between two charged carbon rods, which was the earliest prototype of the electric lamp.
Joseph swan, another British electrical engineer, after nearly 30 years' research, made a vacuum bulb with electricity and light from carbon wire in 1878+02. The report about the swan's light bulb gave Edison a great inspiration. 1879 10, Edison finally succeeded in making an incandescent bulb with carbon fiber as the filament, which is called "carbon cotton filament incandescent lamp".
Subsequently, a large number of enterprises were put into production, and companies were established to establish corresponding infrastructure such as power stations and transmission networks, which soon made electric lights widely used in the United States. During this period, he constantly improved his technology, and finally decided to use tungsten wire as the filament, which is called "tungsten lamp" and has been in use ever since, so Edison became a recognized inventor of electric lamp.
Film aspect
Movable film camera
1889, Edison invented the movable movie camera. This camera uses a pointed gear to drive the tape with the width of 19mm. Under the control of the ratchet, it drives the tape to move intermittently and punch holes at the same time. This camera is driven by a motor, and the shutter shaft is connected to the phonograph. When the camera is running, the phonograph records sound and can take pictures continuously. ?
Movable film projector
189 1 year, Edison invented the movable film projector, which is an early film projection equipment, and introduced the basic methods of film projection. The motor is used in front of the light source to make the film belt of continuous pictures rotate at high speed, thus creating the illusion of motion. The light source projects the pictures on the film onto the screen.
sound film
19 10, Edison invented a movie camera consisting of a phonograph and a camera. Under the energy of the motor, the camera's shading crankshaft is linked with the phonograph, which can record when the camera is running. During the screening, the phonograph runs synchronously with the picture, so that sound and image appear at the same time.