Nano-carbon materials refer to carbon materials with at least one dimension of dispersed phase less than 100nm. The dispersed phase can be composed of carbon atoms, hetero atoms (non-carbon atoms) and even nanopores. Nano-carbon materials mainly include three types: carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers and nano-carbon spheres.
Carbon nanomaterials are a general term, which can be carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers and so on. So these two terms are both different and related.
Brief introduction of nano-carbon materials
In recent years, the research of carbon nanotechnology is quite active, and various nano-carbon crystals, needles, rods and barrels emerge one after another. In 2000, German and American scientists also prepared hollow caged molecules composed of 20 carbon atoms. According to theoretical calculation, the molecule containing 20 carbon atoms is only composed of regular pentagons, and C60 molecule is the smallest molecule in fullerene structure. Considering the angle and intensity of primitive binding, people always think that such molecules are very unstable and difficult to exist. German and American scientists made C60 caged molecules, which solved an important research topic in the field of materials science. Among carbon nanomaterials, new carbon materials such as carbon nanofibers and carbon nanotubes have many excellent physical and chemical properties and are widely used in many fields. Carbon is one of the most closely related and important elements in nature, and it has various electron orbital characteristics of hybridization of SP, SP2 and SP3. In addition, the anisotropy of SP2 leads to the directionality of crystals and other arrangements. Therefore, carbon materials with carbon as the only constituent element have various properties, and new carbon materials are constantly being discovered and artificially manufactured. In fact, no element can be used as a single element to form so many substances with completely different structures and properties, such as three-dimensional diamond crystals, two-dimensional graphite lamellae, one-dimensional carbene and carbon nanotubes, and zero-dimensional fullerene molecules. Table 1 gives examples of chemical bonds formed by carbon and various typical organic, inorganic and carbon phases. Table 1 carbon and the chemical bond and carbon phase bonding mode of its compounds * * * Valence bond ionic bond metal bond Van der Waals force molecular bond Sp hybrid SP2 hybrid SP3 hybrid SP3 hybrid mixed coordination number 234 is indefinite 6, 8, 12 average C-C distance (mm) 0.10.1330.1420.1420.15438+065438mol 463528. Kloc-0/6) cyclododecane (C 12H 18)(CF)n, SiC, B4Ccac2E3Al4C3 intermolecular compound (C8K, etc. ) has been identified as carbon phase (polyacetylene aggregate olefin carbene (hexagonal prism C60) graphite (in-plane) (cubic crystal, hexagonal crystal) n- diamond diamond transition state (various carbon materials) C60 graphite (interlayer) carbon phase C2 ~ C20 carbon molecules 1- graphite 3D-Sp2bct-4 polyphenyl 6h- diamond BC-8 benzene (3). Fccβ- tin hcp Table 2 Types of Carbon Functional Materials Sic C CN Zero-dimensional One-dimensional Two-dimensional Three-dimensional Amorphous Material 3c -Sic6h -Sic Fullerene Nanotubes Carbene Carbon Fibers Graphene Diamond Amorphous Carbon β-C3N4 Preparation Method Sublimation Recrystallization CVDLPEMBE Thermal CVD Ablation Discharge Alkalization Treatment Discharge Fluoride Hydrogen Decomposition Thermal CVD Thermal Evaporation Ablation High Pressure Synthesis CVD Sputtering Plasma method ion beam sputtering method ablation method single crystal film single crystal molecular fiber molecular fiber microcrystal directional crystallization single crystal particle film amorphous film fiber microcrystal characteristics high strength environmental resistance semiconductor catalytic function strong magnetic superconducting conductivity high strength catalytic function conductivity. Catalytic function inserts high hardness, high thermal conductivity, high heat resistance, wear resistance, high hardness, corrosion resistance and high hardness (prediction) uses power electronic materials super-lubricating materials nonlinear optical materials ultra-light materials ultra-high strength materials energy raw materials electrode materials X-ray optical materials super-lubricating materials high-frequency materials power electronic materials super-lubricating materials electrode materials protective coating catalyst carrier Scientists have gradually discovered that carbon materials are hard, with optical properties, heat resistance, radiation resistance, chemical resistance, electrical insulation, conductivity, surface and interface.
What are macro carbon materials and nano carbon materials? What's their difference?
Macro: graphite diamond
Nano: Graphene (the hottest) C60 and so on.
Difference: You can think of graphite as layers of carbon molecules, and there are interactions between molecular layers. Taking graphene as an example, one or several molecular layers are extracted from it, so that due to the influence of low coordination number, the intermolecular force changes (specifically, the bond length shrinks and the bond length increases), which will lead to some column size effects of nano-scale graphene, such as the increase of Young's modulus, the decrease of melting point and the shift of Raman spectrum.
What are the advantages of carbon nanotubes?
Carbon nanotubes are one-dimensional nanomaterials with light weight, perfect hexagonal structure and many excellent mechanical, electrical and chemical properties. The unique structure of carbon nanotubes determines that it has many special physical and chemical properties. The valence bond C=C ***, which constitutes carbon nanotubes, is the most stable chemical bond in nature, which makes carbon nanotubes have excellent mechanical properties. Theoretical calculation shows that carbon nanotubes have extremely high strength and toughness. The theoretical estimate of Young's modulus can reach 5TPa. For the first time, scientists measured the mean square amplitude of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in the temperature range from room temperature to 800 degrees by TEM, and deduced that the average Young's modulus of multi-walled carbon nanotubes is about 1.8 MPa. Carbon nanotubes are far superior to any fiber in strength and toughness, and are considered as "super fibers" in the future. Scientists predict that carbon nanotubes may become a new type of high-strength carbon fiber material, which not only has the unique properties of carbon materials, but also has the electrical and thermal conductivity of metal materials, the heat resistance and corrosion resistance of ceramic materials, the braidability of textile fibers and the light weight and machinability of polymer materials. Using carbon nanotubes as composites can show good strength, elasticity and fatigue resistance, and it can be predicted that the addition of carbon nanotubes will probably bring a qualitative leap to the properties of composites. The research of nanotube composites is first carried out on metal substrates, such as iron/carbon nanotubes, aluminum/carbon nanotubes, nickel/carbon nanotubes, copper/carbon nanotubes and so on. In recent years, the research focus of carbon nanotube composites has shifted to polymer/carbon nanotube composites. For example, in light and high-strength materials, the mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes, their small diameter and large aspect ratio will bring better results.
What is carbon nanofiber technology?
(Nanotechnology Nanotechnology)
In fact, it is a technology of making substances from single atoms and molecules.
Judging from the research so far, about
Divided into three concepts. The first is an American scientist at 1986.
Molecular nanotechnology proposed by Dr. Schiller in the book The Machine of Creation. According to this concept, the machine for combining molecules can be made practical, so that various molecules can be combined at will to make any molecule.
. The nanotechnology of this concept has not made significant progress.
The second concept defines nanotechnology as the limit of micromachining technology. That is, the technology of artificially forming nano-scale structures through nano-precision "processing". This nano-scale processing technology also makes the miniaturization of semiconductors reach the limit. Even if the existing technology continues to develop, it will eventually reach its limit in theory. This is because if the line width of the circuit is reduced, the insulation film forming the circuit will be extremely thin, which will destroy the insulation effect. In addition, there are problems such as fever and trembling. In order to solve these problems, researchers are studying new nanotechnology.
The third concept is put forward from a biological point of view. At first, creatures in cells
There is a nano-scale structure in it.
The so-called nanotechnology refers to a brand-new technology to study the motion laws and characteristics of electrons, atoms and molecules in the scale of 0. 1~ 100 nanometers. In the process of studying the composition of matter, scientists found that in Na
Several or dozens of countable atoms or molecules isolated at the temperature of 100℃ have obviously shown many new characteristics, and the technology of manufacturing equipment with specific functions by using these characteristics is called nanotechnology.
Nanotechnology is a comprehensive subject with strong cross-cutting, and its research content involves the vast field of modern science and technology.
Nanotechnology now includes nanobiology and nanotechnology.
、
Science, nano-mechanics, nano-chemistry and other disciplines. From including
From micron technology to nanotechnology, human beings are becoming more and more
In-depth, people know and transform.
The level has been raised to an unprecedented height. Famous scientist in China
It has also been pointed out that the structure around and below the nanometer is a key point in the next stage of scientific and technological development, which will be a technological revolution, thus causing another industrial revolution in 2 1 century.
Although there is still a long way to go before the application stage, developed countries such as the United States, Japan and Britain attach great importance to nanotechnology because of its extremely broad application prospects, and have made research plans and carried out related research.
Nano-materials are known as the most promising new materials in 2 1 century. Carbon nanotubes are carbon atoms with a diameter of several nanometers (1 nm = 10-9 m).
A test analysis: According to the description, carbon nanotubes are substances composed of carbon atoms, so they are simple substances, and A is wrong. The underlined carbon is stable and adsorbable at room temperature. So choose a.
What are the benefits of carbon nano-materials supercapacitors?
Summary of listed companies related to supercapacitor concept stocks:
Jianghai Stock (002484)
In May 20 13, the company signed an overall intellectual property transfer agreement with Japan's ACT Company, and ACT Company transferred all the production technical data and patent rights of its lithium-ion supercapacitor to the company as a whole, with an agreement price of 6,543,800 yuan+0.5 million yuan. The company is mainly engaged in the development of lithium-ion supercapacitors and other energy storage for electric and hybrid vehicles. The intellectual property transferred in the agreement involves 53 patents of lithium-ion supercapacitors and module technology. The company said on the interactive platform of Shenzhen Stock Exchange that supercapacitors have broad application prospects, mainly used in new energy vehicles, public transportation systems and military industries. For this reason, the company purchased the patented technology of Japan ACT Company. At present, we will consider building a super capacitor production line according to market conditions. 20 13 12, the company said on the interactive platform of Shenzhen Stock Exchange that it has hired the core personnel of supercapacitor technology to fully promote research and development, with a view to industrialization as soon as possible.
Fala Electronic (600563)
The company is the largest manufacturer of thin film capacitors and aluminum metallized films in China. It has the advantages of scale operation, comprehensive supporting, technology and product quality, with an annual output of 4.5 billion thin film capacitors and 2,500 tons of metallized films. It is the only company in China that has entered the top ten manufacturers of DC thin film capacitors and metallized films in the world.
Tongfeng Electronic (600237)
The company is mainly engaged in the production and sales of thin film capacitors and related materials. The main products are electrical films, metallized films and film capacitors. Its subsidiary, Tongfeng Capacitor, mainly deals in AC capacitors, DC capacitors, power capacitors and special capacitors.
Nanyang Technology (002389) Supercapacitor Thin Film
The company is one of the largest professional electronic film manufacturers in China. The main products are polypropylene electronic films, which are divided into two categories: "base film" and "metallized film". The company's leading product, polypropylene electronic film for capacitors, has two categories and seven varieties, and the product thickness specification covers the range of 2.5 ~18 μ m.
Electrolyte for Jiangsu Guotai (00209 1) supercapacitor
Guotai Huarong Chemical Co., Ltd. is a key high-tech enterprise of the National Torch Program with lithium battery materials and silicone materials as its development direction. Electrolyte products include primary lithium battery electrolyte, secondary lithium ion battery electrolyte, power battery electrolyte and supercapacitor electrolyte. Silane coupling agent covers more than 60 varieties in nine series. Our products are exported to Japan, the United States, Europe, Australia and other countries and regions, and have established strategic partnerships with major international companies in the industry. We are one of the three largest suppliers of electrolyte for lithium ion batteries in the world, and also a major manufacturer of silane coupling agents in China.
Electrolyte of Xinzhoubang (300037) supercapacitor
Capacitor chemicals: The company's capacitor chemicals mainly include aluminum electrolytic capacitor chemicals, solid polymer capacitor chemicals and supercapacitor chemicals. The company is a leading enterprise of aluminum electrolytic capacitor chemicals in China, which is in a leading position in terms of scale, research and development, brand, quality and service, and has applied for a number of national invention patents, becoming one of the major suppliers of aluminum electrolytic capacitor chemicals in the world. The company has become a qualified supplier of mainstream manufacturers of solid polymer capacitors in the world, and its customers include NICHICON, CHEMI-CON, Taiwan Province Yubang and other companies. The company independently innovated and mastered the key technologies of supercapacitor electrolyte-the synthesis technology of electrolyte quaternary ammonium salt and the preparation technology of electrolyte, and became a qualified supplier of global mainstream supercapacitor manufacturers such as MAXWELL, REDI and NESSCAP of Korea.
Luoyang Molybdenum Industry (603993) Luoyang Nano-materials Research Center: 20 10 In April, the company established Luoyang Nano-materials Research Center in cooperation with CALYNANOMOLY DEVELOPMENT INC of the United States, and devoted itself to the research and development of nano-molybdenum The research center consists of raw material synthesis laboratory, electrochemical testing laboratory and characterization laboratory. The main research directions are: the development and industrial production of low energy consumption and environmental protection nano-molybdenum synthesis technology; Research and development of water-based supercapacitors with high specific energy: development of activated carbon additives for supercapacitors: development of hybrid supercapacitors.
Du Nan Power Supply (300068)
Research and development of lead-carbon supercapacitor: Lead-carbon battery is an effective combination of lead-acid battery and supercapacitor. The project adopts a number of international cutting-edge technologies: the anode adopts graphitized foam carbon technology; Lead-carbon technology is used as the cathode active material; The anode adopts titanium-based current collector.