Although this seeder never spread to Europe, Sumerians in the Middle East had an original single-tube seeder 3500 years ago, but the efficiency was very low. It was the multi-tube seeder invented by China in the 2nd century BC (later adopted by Indian) that effectively sowed seeds for the first time in history. This drill only needs a cow, a horse or a mule to pull the seeds straight at a controllable speed.
The small iron cymbals unearthed in China can be traced back to the 2nd century BC. In 85 BC, a government official named Zhao Guo popularized the horse-drawn carriage race in Beijing. In the theory of truth, the preserved fragments once said:
"Cattle pull three plowshares, one person manipulates, drops seeds, and holds a drill (hammer) at the same time. In this way, 667 mu can be planted in one day. "
Later agronomist Wang Zhen described this point in detail.
"Well ... or the plowshare for sowing is the plowshare for sowing, which is similar to the triangular plowshare, but smaller, with a high ridge in the middle, which is 10 cm long and 8 cm wide. Insert the bolt into the two holes on the instep of the bicycle and tie it tightly to the crossbar. This kind of plough share goes 8 cm underground, and the seeds are sown through the ankles, which can be deeply planted in the soil, greatly improving the yield. Farming with a cart is like plowing with a small plow. "
The efficiency of China's sowing system is at least 10 times that of Europe's system, and the yield is 30 times that of Europe. And this is exactly what happened after 1700 years. In the whole period, China's agricultural productivity was much more advanced than that of the west, so that only such a contrast can be seen between the two hemispheres of the world, that is, China is quite like what we call a "developed country" today, while the west is a "developing country".
The first seeder in the west was inspired by China. However, because the merry-go-round is mostly used in the north, far away from the southern port of China, where Europeans often come and go, the actual experimental samples have not been transported to Europe. What Europeans see is only a rough description of it. Oral legends and inaccurate descriptions and pictures in books can't make Europeans fully understand its structure, so they have to rebuild the seeder. Therefore, the principle of seed drill in Europe is very different from that in China. This situation belongs to "stimulating communication", that is, the communication of some ideas is not necessarily accompanied by the communication of structural details. In this way, Europeans finally have their drills, but in terms of working costs, this will only be disappointing.
In A.D. 1566, the Venetian Senate granted the earliest patent right of drill bit in Europe, and its inventor was Camiro Torello. The earliest bit with a detailed explanation was that of Taj Ka Varina of Bologna in A.D. 1602, but it was very primitive. The first real drilling rig in Europe was developed in Jethro Tull. This machine came into being shortly after 1700, and its description was published in 173 1 year. But this kind of drilling rig and other types of drilling rigs in Europe are expensive and unreliable. It was not until the middle of19th century that there were enough strong and good quality drilling rigs in Europe.
A better seeder invented by James Sharp appeared in Europe in the18th century, but it only sowed in a single row and was too small. So although its function is good, it has not attracted enough attention. Due to the lack of engineering knowledge in this field,1European seeders were basically ineffective and uneconomical before the middle of the 9th century. Therefore, Europe wasted two centuries on the problem of seeder, because it failed to make use of the inherent principle of automobile.
China is one of the countries with the earliest mechanical development in the world. There were many mechanical inventions in ancient China, each with its own characteristics in the utilization of power and the design of mechanical structure. Long ago, the working people in China knew how to use horses and cattle to pull carts. By more than 2500 years ago, the power of livestock had been used in agricultural production. At that time, people used livestock not only to carry and transport, but also to help plow and sow.
Seeding machinery came into being in the Warring States period. In ancient China, the hammer was the ancestor of the modern seeder. Because the sowing width is different and the number of rows is different, during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Zhao created and invented a three-legged hammer that can sow three rows at the same time. One person pulls the tractor in front and one person holds the tractor behind to sow, so one hectare of land can be sown in one day, which greatly improves the sowing efficiency. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered the popularization of this advanced seeder in the whole country, improved other farming tools and advocated the method of replacing land with land, which promoted the development of agricultural production at that time.
In 1980s and 1990s, it was still used in many rural areas in northern China. After entering 2 1 century, with the popularization of walking tractors, the use of shellers is becoming less and less. Rare to see.