Learn about security mode for the first time
To enter the safe mode, as long as you keep pressing F8 at startup, an options menu will appear, and then use the up and down cursor keys on the keyboard to select different startup modes. The options menu includes the following:
1. security mode
Use only basic files and drivers. Such as mouse (except USB serial mouse), monitor, keyboard, hard disk, basic video, default system service, etc. , but there is no network connection.
If you can't successfully start the computer in safe mode, you may need to use the recovery console function to repair the system.
2. Security mode of network connection
Network connection is added on the basis of normal security mode. However, some network programs may not work normally, such as MSN, and many self-starting applications will not automatically load, such as firewalls and antivirus software. So don't forget to load manually in this mode, or malicious programs may invade your computer while you are repairing it.
3. Safe mode with command prompt
Use only basic files and drivers to start. After logging in, the command prompt will be displayed on the screen instead of the Windows graphical interface.
Note: In this mode, if you accidentally close the command prompt window, the screen will be completely black. You can press Ctrl+Alt+Del to call up the task manager, click the new task, and then enter "C:\WINDOWS\explorer.exe" in the pop-up dialog box to immediately start the graphical interface of Windows XP, which is exactly the same as the interfaces in the above three security modes. If you enter "c:\windows\system32\cmd", you can open the command prompt window again. In fact, this method can also be used to start the command prompt window in other security modes or even during normal startup.
4. Enable the startup log
Start in normal safe mode and record all drivers and services loaded (or unloaded) by the system into a text file. The file name is ntbtlog.txt, which is located in the %windir% (default is c:\windows\) directory. The startup log is very useful for determining the exact cause of system startup problems.
5. Enable VGA mode
Start with the basic VGA driver. This mode is useful when a new graphics driver is installed that prevents Windows from starting normally. In fact, no matter which security mode is started, it always uses the basic video driver. Therefore, in these modes, the resolution of the screen is 640×480 and cannot be changed. However, you can reinstall the driver.
6. The last correct configuration
Start using the registry information and drivers saved when Windows was last shut down. Any changes made since the last successful startup will be lost. Therefore, the last correct configuration is usually used only when the configuration is wrong (mainly software configuration). But it can't solve the problem caused by the damage or loss of drivers or files.
7. Directory service recovery mode
This applies to the server operating system and is only used to restore the SYSVOL directory and the Active Directory directory service on the domain controller.
8. Debugging mode
Send debugging information to another computer through serial cable at startup.
If Windows is being or has been installed on your computer using the Remote Installation Service, you can see other options related to restoring or restoring your system using the Remote Installation Service.
practical application
1. I used to use an old monitor. I'm a beginner. What do novices like to do? Change some wallpaper and set the resolution, which is very fulfilling. Unexpectedly, the resolution and refresh rate were set too high by mistake, and the operating system will be reinstalled next time.
Now that I think about it, it's really cute. Just restart in safe mode (the first four modes are ok), delete the video card driver, and then restart the computer. When restarting (normal startup), the system will automatically scan the graphics card and install the driver, and the screen will return to normal display.
There are still some problems that can be handled in this way. For example, Windows XP will automatically identify hardware and install drivers, but sometimes it is always blind, and no error message will be displayed under the device manager. But even if it doesn't work normally, for example, it can't surf the Internet (network card driver error), screen display error (video card driver error) and so on. , you can also reinstall the driver in safe mode.
2. Find out malicious self-starting programs or services.
If there are some inexplicable errors in the computer, such as the inability to access the Internet, and the problem cannot be found according to conventional thinking, it can be started in a safe mode with a network connection. If you can access it here, it means that some self-starting programs or services have affected the normal connection of the network.
In the safe mode with network connection, you can use the command prompt tool tasklist >; D:\Anquan.txt records the process at that time in the text file Anquan.txt in the root directory of D: disk. Then, start the computer normally and compare the process recorded in Anquan.txt with the process at this time. You will find that the process is much more at this time. Please end the redundant processes one by one and check whether the network connection is normal. If the network connection is normal when a process ends, it means that the process that just ended is the culprit. After identification, the executable files related to the process can be deleted. However, it should also be noted that because it runs automatically, after being forcibly deleted, it may lead to the error of "File Not Found" in the startup times, and all its settings related to self-startup must be cleared, including the contents under "startup" in the system configuration utility, "Win.ini", the contents under the registry, the contents under the startup script and the contents under "startup" in the start menu.
Adjusting partition
Once on a business trip, I took my notebook with me and wanted to deal with the report documents that can be used when I got off the bus, but the notebook failed to live up to expectations and began to divide the times. God, those who leave home have no tools or software. Fortunately, God never shuts one door but he opens another, and they can start in safe mode-with the law, the command-line tool Diskpart can do all the work in partition magic (maybe few friends have heard of it). Diskpart is very powerful. It works in an integrated environment. After inputting Diskpart, a special prompt as shown in figure 1 will be displayed, that is, Diskpart >；; (Note: This is not a path). In this environment, many related special subcommands can be entered. Let's demonstrate the expansion function of the partition.
First note: the following operations are recorded on the desktop.
① Boot to safe mode by using the command prompt, and enter the command Diskpart. Then enter list partition to display the partition. Obviously, there are two main partitions and two extended partitions.
② Enter "Select Parttition 3" to make the third partition (5004MB) have the focus attribute. Then enter "Delete Partition" to delete the partition. Please compare the values after the two "List partition" commands 1 and No.2 in Figure 3. It is not difficult to see that the original partition 3 has indeed been deleted.
③ Enter "Select partition 1" to make it have the focus attribute, and then enter "Extend" to automatically add the last allocated space vacated by the newly deleted partition to 1 partition.
For partition expansion, this is the patent of partition magic, and "diskpart" can also be realized. It seems reasonable that Windows server 2003 does not support partition magic. Then enter the "list partition" to observe the capacity change of the 1 th partition.
Description: When the partition with focus is extended to the nearest unallocated space. For ordinary partitions, unallocated space must be on the same disk and must be followed by a focused partition.
If the partition to be expanded is in NTFS format, no data will be lost after expansion. If it is a non-NTFS file system format, this command will fail, but no changes will be made to the partition or data will be destroyed. You cannot extend the current system partition or boot partition, nor can you extend the partition containing the paging file. As you can see from the picture, my computer has two main partitions, and partition 5 is the active partition. Otherwise, the partition 1 cannot be extended.
Syntax: extend [size=n]
Parameter description: size=n: the size of space added to the current partition (MB). If you do not specify a size, the disk will expand to occupy all recent unallocated space.
④ No matter what changes are made to the hard disk partition, including creation, deletion and expansion. They can take effect without restarting the computer (partition magic can't), but these partitions are invisible in My Computer. Why? Initially, they were not assigned a drive letter (that is, a drive letter). How to assign a drive letter? Let us take the first partition as an example.
Make the 1 th partition have the focus attribute, and then enter the "Assign" command, and Diskpart will automatically assign one to it. Of course, you can also use the "Assign Letter=X" command to specify manually, which cannot be the same as the existing drive letter such as C, so you can view these partitions under "My Computer" after processing.
⑤ Set partition 5 as the Active partition, use Select Parttition 5 to make it have the focus attribute, and then activate it with Active. Finally, enter Exit to exit the Diskpart integrated environment and let the computer restart automatically.
Note: If you are used to DiskPart, you will find that its design is in line with people's thinking habits. Generally, the focus is specified before the operation. During the operation, you can display the partition status to grasp the progress. Enter Help to view all subcommands. If there is an error in the input, it will automatically list subcommands and brief descriptions to guide you to the correct path. In addition, after installing Windows 2003, the most familiar partition magic (non-server version) can't work normally, so using Diskpart is really a good choice.
As mentioned above, before doing any operation under Diskpart, you must specify the focus, that is, which object to operate on, so that my operation logic will be clear. On the other hand, if you specify the focus incorrectly and execute destructive commands, such as deleting partitions, it will cause irreparable losses. Therefore, please use the List command to check the status of each partition at any time, and the key partitions are marked with an asterisk (*).
In addition, you can use safe mode to clean viruses. For example, some anti-virus software can report viruses, but it can't be removed or even isolated. In this case, you can start safe mode and try to delete these virus files. Of course, here only introduces some common security modes, which can be regarded as a topic for discussion. I hope you can gradually experience more convenience in the actual use of computers.