1 lever filling
On August 2nd, 1908, Mr Xi Feili obtained the patent of this water supply mode. After that, the water supply on the pull rod dominated the pen market for almost half a century with the advantages of simple structure, low production cost and convenient maintenance. At that time, almost all brands produced this ink supply method. The water supply structure on the pull rod is very simple, that is, there is a metal crossbar on the pen holder. When the cross bar is pulled up and the pen body is vertical, it can drive the metal plate connecting the pull rod to shrink, and then. After the pull rod is pushed back, the elasticity recovered after the capsule is deformed will form suction force, and the ink will be sucked in. Various brands of metal pieces in the pen container have different designs, but they are all the same. For example, the design of Xifeili is that the metal sheet is connected to the end of the pen, which is U-shaped and has its own elasticity. The metal sheet that pulls the pull rod can be deformed to press the capsule to absorb ink. The advantages of rod watering are simple structure, low production cost and convenient maintenance. The disadvantage is that when the pen is put in the pocket, the pull rod sometimes hooks the cloth. It caused ink leakage, so it was replaced with a more mature structure. However, in recent years, many brands have re-used this inking method on some new retro products, such as Delta's DOLCEVITA series.
2 crescent-shaped filler
1900 1 is an inking method invented by Roy Conkling. This inking method is different from the pull rod in that it has a sudden moon-shaped metal part, which is connected with a longitudinal metal bar inside the pen holder. Pressing the crescent moon can compress the capsule and achieve the effect of ink absorption. In order to prevent ink leakage caused by pressing the crescent moon by mistake, a rotatable plastic or hard rubber ring is installed under the crescent moon, and there is a gap on the ring. If the gap is not on the opposite side of the crescent, the crescent will be stuck by plastic or ring and cannot be pressed down. This can avoid ink leakage. Usually, the notch of the ring is moved to a place not opposite to the crescent to lock the crescent to ensure safety. However, the shape of the penholder caused by the crescent moon is irregular and large, which affects the appearance. So it was eliminated in the 1930s. In recent years, pen collection has become increasingly popular, and some brands have re-made this way of inking. Visconti of Italy is one of the representatives, and Mark Twain of Concord is one of them.
3 button button filling
This is an interesting inking method that Parker applied for in 1904. It consists of an elastic metal and a small button, which connects the metal sheet to the end of the pen. When the button is pressed, the metal sheet can be bent to flatten the capsule. After the metal sheet is loosened, the rubber bladder expands to absorb ink, so that the whole process can be completed. The button at the end of the pen is wrapped in a small cap and can be unscrewed when used. Don't worry about accidental ink leakage. Parker is the most powerful manufacturer of push-button fountain pens. Before VACUMATIC was used for water supply, all Parker's middle and high-end products used this ink supply method, especially the early DOUFOLD products used this ink supply method, which was more popular in the antique pen market. Another pen factory that produces push-button fountain pens tried to use various water supply methods in its early products. Among them, antique pens that use buttons to add water are quite expensive. The water adding button is easy to operate and should be a potential ink adding method. However, due to Parker's decision-making mistakes and the later use of Parker's vacuum bomb, it has not been well played. However, retro is popular in recent years, and Italy's MARLEN is very good at producing ink pens on buttons. The brand also produced the first button demonstration pen in history. It has a high collection value. BEXLEY company in the United States is also a master in this field, and its CELEBRTION series is a very good product.
4 coin filling
The principle of this water filling method is the same as that of the button, except that the coin is filled with water to make a crack in the pen holder. Insert a flat object similar to a coin into the pen holder, press the metal sheet, and compress the capsule to fill with water. This kind of old pen had better be Earth brand. At present, there are very few manufacturers producing new pens for coin water injection, only MARLEN is doing it, and its ancient European series is a wonderful masterpiece. The latest product is the AUREUS series.
5 Landing on water
I don't know how to translate this, just English. TOUCH DOWN and later snorkel inking are classic works of Xifeili, and there are capsules to store ink, but Xifeili can develop such distinctive products, which shows the strength of top manufacturers and the intention of pens at that time. TOUCH DOWN is a patented watering method developed by Xifeili in the late period of 1949. It covers the capsule with a metal sleeve, a small hole is opened above the metal sleeve, and the pen holder is double-layered. The first layer is the outer pen holder, and the second layer is actually a metal sliding sleeve. The air originally filled in the sliding outer book cover will generate pressure, which will press the rubber bladder through the small holes in the metal sleeve of the capsule and use the elasticity of the capsule to ink. Xi Feili's creativity is amazing, and this strange way of inking makes consumers flock to it.
6 Pneumatic filling
It is also called gallbladder-pressing ink. This kind of system has been seen by pen fans. Pneumatic water supply was invented by Parker and was used in the 1950s and 1980s. The principle of pneumatic water supply is not much different from other ink storage devices, and it is also a water absorption structure after the ink bladder is exhausted. However, Parker replaces the original complex mechanical mechanism with a simple manual extrusion method, and this simple structure can also achieve good ink storage effect. There are many variations of pneumatic water supply, but the principle is the same. The first generation Parker used pneumatic water supply for women's models 5 1 and 2 1, with the simplest structure. The outer cover of the capsule is made of half metal sleeve, and the end of the metal sleeve has a U-shaped steel sheet. Pressing the steel sheet can press the ink on the capsule. Parker 4 1. 17 and other models also adopt similar structures. Parker was later different from this air pressure. Standard 5 1 adopts improved pneumatic water supply, and changes the original half-cover metal sleeve into full-cover type, which can better protect the inking system, increase the ink storage capacity and make writing time longer. The domestic hero 100 pen, which is still in mass production, uses this ink conveying system. Although this water supply system was developed by Parker, there were a lot of counterfeit brands because of its low cost and good effect. It was not until the plug-in inking system using piston water supply device appeared that it gradually died out.
7 drops of ink (dropper filling)
The oldest inking system. The first pen made by Vidiwen was inked by dropping ink, and many elders have such products. Parker's earliest products all adopted this inking method, and the difference lies in the improvement of the ink supply system. Before the 1940s, the safety pens of various manufacturers were dripping ink, that is, ink was dripped into the pen tube through a straw. The use method is to unscrew the pen neck, drip ink into the pen holder with a dropper or other device, and then screw the pen back. This inking method is troublesome to operate, and it is easy to get dirty, and it is a bad design because of poor sealing and easy ink leakage. Although the improvement of ink supply system reduced the chance of ink leakage, the effect was still not very good, so it was eventually eliminated. After the 1920s, most pens were inked on the pull rod, and the inking gradually disappeared. At present, there are very few pen factories that are still producing drip pens. NAMIKI of Japan should be regarded as a representative. No.50 pen in this factory adopts ink dropping structure, but the structure has been improved. A rod-like structure similar to a piston is added to the penholder of this factory. It is said that the ink leakage problem has been completely solved, but the actual effect is unknown. Because NAMIKI50 is expensive, it is bought as an ornament, and few people use it.
8 Piston Filling (Piston Filling)
This inking method was designed by THEODOR KOAACS (Theodore Cowicks) and Caroiybko (Cairolibago) for the German company PELIKAN from 1925 to 1929. It is the first way to ink the most used pen holder as a whole, which can be said to be recognized as the most successful way to ink, and pen fans are familiar with it. At present, there are Bellevue SOUVERA series, Montblanc's 146, 149 and other representatives. The piston inking adopts a screw-like structure, and the rotating piston rod drives the piston to move up and down for inking. Because the manufacture of piston ink requires that the dimensional error between the pen holder and the piston be controlled within a very small range, and the pen holder has a built-in piston structure, the structure is firmer and the durability is higher. However, due to the extremely strict processing requirements and high production costs, there are not many manufacturers that produce piston ink mixing. American pen makers hardly use it, mainly European pen makers produce this kind of products, which I think is also related to Bellick's invention of this patent in Germany. Even the pen giant Montblanc bought the right to use this patent from Beric. However, due to technical and production cost problems, only Belle Gold insists on using this water supply method for a long time in the whole series of products. However, this year, collective pens are popular, and more manufacturers also choose piston ink conveying system to enhance their image.
9 Vacuum filling (vacuum filling)
This is the pride of Parker and its unique inking system, which claims to be able to ink 102%. 1934 was successfully studied by Parker. Its inking method is to press the metal button at the end of the pen to push the capsule in the pen holder, so that the air in the pen holder is exhausted and the pen holder is vacuumized to absorb ink. The invention has epoch-making significance and solves the problems of insufficient ink storage capacity of capsules and easy ink leakage during ink dripping. So at that time, Parker's vacuum pen was very popular in the market, and it was always used in the early Parker 5 1. But a few years later, users found the disadvantages of vacuum inking, that is, the pen is not easy to clean after inking, the capsule will age, and Parker vacuum needs special tools to disassemble and replace it. Therefore, after Parker redeveloped the new water supply system, vacuum ink transportation disappeared from the market. In recent years, both Aurora and Tibaldi have this variety, but the structure has been improved. It is especially pointed out here that vacuum inking refers to Parker's products, but it is essentially different from Parker's vacuum inking. Xifeili vacuum inking products and products produced by other similar manufacturers should be divided into filling/vacuum.
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10 pump filling or oil filling
This is an inking method developed by Xifeili in 1934 to counter Parker's vacuum inking, and later some manufacturers followed suit. At that time, Parker introduced vacuum inking, and Xifeili also introduced corresponding products to compete with it. However, Xifeili and Parker's products are different. The difference is that Parker's products still do not give up using capsules, while Xifeili's products completely give up using capsules, so that inking is carried out by the movement of pistons. The inking method is to unscrew the tail of the pen, then twitch the piston rod in the pen, pull the piston to the tail, and then push the piston back. Because the tail of the pen holder is sealed, the pen holder will be in a vacuum state and generate negative pressure. When the piston reaches the front of the pen holder, the pen tube in front will be wider than the one above, which will create a gap and make the vacuum state in the pen holder out of balance, so that the pressure in the air will overwhelm the pen holder in the vacuum state and complete the water supply. Xifeili has been producing this kind of pen for nearly 20 years, and it has been constantly improving, with many styles. However, the piston of the pump structure is mainly made of rubber, which has aging problems, and the maintenance of this structure is not easy, so it is gradually eliminated after the appearance of the inking system. However, in recent years, VISCOTL in Italy has also produced many water filling pens for water pumps. After using the improved new material, the service life and water filling efficiency of the pen have been greatly improved, which is a good choice. Japan's platinum company has also launched such products, such as the 823 model. This method of adding water can be said to be the highest ink yield now, and almost the whole pen can be filled with ink.
1 1 capillary filling
Parker's failed attempt. Only used on Parker 6 1, and imitated by domestic manufacturers. The use time of inking counter is very short. The principle of capillary water supply is to roll up a piece of porous plastic film and supply water by siphon effect. Just insert the pen tube upside down in the ink bottle and leave it for a few minutes, and the ink will be sucked through the opening of the plastic pipe. When you take out the pen, you don't have to worry that the ink will pollute your hands, because the plastic pipe is coated with Teflon, so the ink won't remain on it. However, in order to avoid ink leakage and evaporation, it is still necessary to put a rubber cover back in the ink suction tube, but its shortcomings are also obvious, such as low touch efficiency, difficult cleaning and convenient maintenance, so it was quickly replaced by Parker's pneumatic inking. Because it was only used in the early Parker 6 1, this pen is still very valuable for collection, especially the rainbow model with two colors of metal plated.
12 syringe filling
This water supply system is seldom used. At present, only Italy's VISCONTI, Japan's platinum, and some domestic small brand pen factories produce it. Its inking principle is known to friends who have been to the hospital for injections-the form of syringe absorbs ink when the piston moves by the tightness between the pen holder and the piston rod. VISCONTINA from VISCONTL, Italy, is such a model, but not many people can come because of the limitation.
13 detachable ink container and disposable ink bag
The advantages of this inking method are low cost, easy production and convenient use. Most pens are inked in this way now. In the late 1950s, Parker unified the world with pneumatic inking, but people still found it inconvenient to use it. So Parker Company developed a detachable pneumatic ink conveying system and disposable ink storage bag, which was first used on Parker 45. This innovative design has received enthusiastic response from the market. Vidivin France Branch 1927 also tried a similar design, but glass tubes were used at that time. The disadvantage is that the glass tube is too thick, the ink storage capacity is small, it is easy to break and leak ink, and finally it is not successful. However, the products designed by Parker were successful because of the improvement of materials. After Parker's successful research and development, many other manufacturers began to imitate it. Vidiwen later developed pens with detachable ink storage devices in the late 1950' s. Later, major manufacturers made great efforts to develop and more detachable ink storage devices were developed. There are dozens of them now. In the early days, Parker Company used an ink-conveying cartridge with pressure bladder, and later changed it into a piston-type cartridge with better effect. It should be noted here that the piston-type water feeder used by Parker and other pen factories is strictly a branch of the piston-type water feeder, and Parker has made it into a part, so this piston-type water feeder cannot be called a piston-type water feeder, although it is the same in principle. Many friends don't understand the difference between the so-called piston water supply and the piston water supply device. It is wrong to think that the piston water feeder is a piston water feeder. Personally, I think the ink on the piston should be based on the combination of pen holder and pen. After Parker, many manufacturers have also introduced their own detachable ink boxes, the strangest of which is Japanese pens, such as the tail-pressure water-filled ink box used by Linami Baile, which uses the principle similar to vacuum water supply. Detachable ink reservoir and disposable ink bag are convenient, but they also have disadvantages, such as Parker and Xifeili's early capsule pneumatic inking device, and the capsule part is easy to age and break. Later, because the piston inker was made very small, water could not enter when viscous ink was used, and if the ink supply pipe of the pen tongue could not smoothly introduce the air outside the pen into the ink pipe to maintain the pressure balance, the pen would cause poor ink supply.
When your pen is finished, you must squeeze out the ink to continue writing. I can't say it's bad, but it also has flaws. A normal written test doesn't need this.