Definition of electric heating
As the name suggests, electric heating uses electricity to achieve heating. It is a method that converts electrical energy into thermal energy to directly release heat or circulate through heating media in heating pipes. Heating methods or equipment to meet heating needs.
As we all know, electric energy is the most environmentally friendly and clean energy because it has no noise and no waste gas. Therefore, electric heating equipment (such as electric heating boilers, etc.) is very fashionable and superior among many heating equipment, especially in Today, as the prices of other energy sources continue to rise,
People choose electric heating very wisely. High-end customers choose electric heating films and electric heating floors, and most users choose electric heating boilers.
Classification of electric heating
Electric heating is divided into two categories according to the heating method: dry heating and wet heating.
Dry heating can be classified as follows according to the heating area and uniformity: (1) Point heating: represented by air conditioners, electric fans, and radiant panels; (2) Line heating: heated cables Represented by; (3) Surface heating: represented by electric heating film.
Electric heating film can be further subdivided into: electric heating shed film, electric heating wall film and electric heating floor film and other different types of electric heating film.
Wet heating is divided into following working principles: (1) Resistance heating: mainly based on resistance rods, PTC ceramics, quartz glass tubes; (2) Electromagnetic heating: based on high-frequency electromagnetic, medium-frequency electromagnetic, industrial Mainly frequency electromagnetic.
In electromagnetic heating, the technical level of control panels is divided into industrial-grade main control boards and civilian main control boards.
The internal structure diagram is as follows: Main forms of electric heating
At present, there are more and more electric heating equipment on the domestic market, both domestic and imported.
The usage methods of various devices are different, and their electricity bills and initial investment in the equipment will also be different.
1
Electric heater
Electric heaters are generally installed in the user's room. They are decentralized electric heating. The main form is electrothermal glass-ceramic radiation. Common electric heaters such as heaters, electric quartz tube heaters, electric oil heaters, PTC ceramic electric heaters, convection heaters (heaters), and phase change thermal storage electric heaters with heat storage functions.
2
Electric boiler
Electric boiler heating belongs to centralized electric heating, and the heat medium (hot water or steam) it generates is transported by central heating pipes It reaches every room and is mostly used for heating a building or a densely built residential or commercial area.
There are two types of electric boilers: ordinary and thermal storage.
Ordinary electric boilers do not have heat storage functions. Domestic electric heating was widely used in the early days of its introduction. The use results show that its operating costs are high. The key is that it cannot make full use of cheap electricity at night and further increases the cost. The peak and valley differences of the power grid.
Nowadays, ordinary electric boilers are gradually replaced by regenerative electric boilers.
The regenerative electric boiler uses low-peak electricity to store heat, which can cut peaks and fill valleys, reduce the peak-valley difference in power supply, optimize the power grid structure, and is recommended by the power department. Users can enjoy low-peak electricity prices; but the one-time investment is relatively large. high.
The overall energy utilization rate of electric boiler heating is low due to heat loss in the heating pipe network and difficulty in adjustment by end users.
3
Electric heating film
At present, a large number of electric heating film manufacturers have emerged in China, and their use has been vigorously promoted.
It belongs to decentralized electric heating.
Electric heating film is a translucent polyester film that can generate heat when energized. It is made of conductive special ink and metal current-carrying strips, printed and hot-pressed between two layers of insulating polyester films. , and equipped with an independent temperature control device, the surface temperature is 40℃-60℃ during operation.
During electric heating film heating, most of the heat is sent into the room by radiation.
Single electric heating film heating has high operating costs because it does not have a heat storage function, which is not conducive to peak shaving and valley filling of the power grid.
This defect can be overcome if used in conjunction with phase change thermal storage electric heating floors.
4
Phase change thermal storage electric heating floor
Phase change thermal storage electric heating floor (referred to as phase change electric heating floor) is a novel heating method. Still under research.
It uses shaped phase change materials to convert the cheap electricity consumed by electric heating films or cables at night into thermal energy and store it for heating during the day.
This can save heating operation costs and achieve peak shaving and valley filling for the power grid.
Combining phase change material storage electric heat with floor heating is a clean, energy-saving, convenient and comfortable choice.
5
Heat pump
A heat pump is a device that uses a small amount of electrical energy to transport heat from a low-level heat source to a high-level heat source to meet heating needs.
According to the type of low-level heat source, heat pumps can be divided into air source heat pumps, water source heat pumps and soil source heat pumps.
(1)
Air source heat pump The most commonly used air-to-air heat pump in our country is a heat pump room air conditioner that can perform year-round air conditioning.
This type of air conditioner comes in two types: integral type and separate type.
These room air conditioners are suitable for year-round air conditioning in a room, and some of them are equipped with auxiliary electric heaters that can supplement heating when the outdoor air temperature is too low.
(2)
Water source heat pump water source heat pump system consists of outdoor water source, heat pump, water circulation loop and air supply system.
During cooling operation, the waste heat in the room and the input power of the unit are transferred to the outdoor water source; during heating operation, heat is extracted from the outdoor water source.
This kind of system has the advantages of easy adjustment, separate pricing, compact layout, simplicity and flexibility, convenient design, simple construction and operation management.
However, its application is restricted by water sources.
(3)
Soil source heat pump uses the heat energy stored in the soil to provide heating in winter and cooling in summer
The collector is When collecting heat from the soil in winter, cold energy is actually injected into the soil; while when cold energy is collected in summer, heat is injected into the soil. This will also adjust the temperature field of the shallow soil and improve the living conditions of animals and plants. Play a certain role.
The research on the application of soil source heat pumps has just started and needs further research and development.
Notes on the installation of electric heating
1. Power capacity increase If the installation area of ??electric floor heating is ≥80 square meters, it is recommended to increase the existing power capacity, otherwise it will easily trip when it is fully turned on.
The content of power capacity expansion mainly includes electricity meters and household lines. The specific size is calculated based on the heating area and the actual installed power of the floor heating company.
2. Thermostat installation location The installation location of the electric heating thermostat cannot be randomly selected. The height should be between 1.2-M-1.7M from the ground, and should be protected from light and without coverings.
3. Reserve wires. Before installing electric floor heating, the thermostat power wires (neutral wire, live wire, and ground wire) should be reserved in each room. When the electrician lays out the wires, he should open slots and Reserve the thermostat cassette for access.
4. Leveling the ground Before installing electric heating, the height of the ground should be estimated and the ground should be leveled without any bulges or depressions.
The low-carbon characteristics of electric heating
Electric heating methods represented by electric heating films and high-frequency electromagnetic induction heaters are important ways to achieve low-carbon heating for all.
Its low-carbon characteristics are mainly reflected in direct energy, energy conversion, pollution emissions, human settlements and social economy.
Specifically: (1) Low-carbon energy: Clean and renewable heating energy. Compared with heating energy such as coal, natural gas, straw, and wood, electric energy is the heating energy with the most development potential. It is booming with the rise of new energy represented by solar energy, wind energy, hydro energy, nuclear energy, etc.
The electric energy provided by new energy to mankind is clean, renewable, and truly low-carbon or even "zero" carbon energy.
(2) Low-carbon conversion: The heat conversion efficiency of heating is high. Compared with traditional heating methods, the heat conversion rate of electric heating systems is as high as 98.68%, which can greatly reduce energy losses during conversion and transmission.
(3) Low carbon emissions: Zero emissions of waste gas and other pollution. Compared with traditional heating methods, electric energy is used as heating energy. There is no need to build boiler rooms, coal storage, ash piles, pipe networks and other facilities, which saves money. The land does not produce waste gas, waste water, waste and other pollutants, so the emissions of waste gas and other pollution drop to zero.
At the same time, even if coal is used as a power generation energy, it can promote and improve the scale and intensiveness of coal power generation, and save and reduce energy losses and vehicle pollution during coal transportation, thereby improving overall performance. Reduce carbon emissions, thereby enhancing the low-carbon nature of energy use.
(4) Low-carbon life: Designed in line with ergonomics, comfortable and intelligent. Compared with point heating systems represented by radiators, air conditioners and electric heaters, and wires represented by heating cables. Type heating system, a new generation of electric heating system represented by electric heating film and high-frequency electromagnetic heating, is very suitable for people's livable needs of keeping feet warm, head cool, and body comfortable in the activity space.
Specifically: This unique heating method makes people feel that the indoor temperature is uniform, fresh, comfortable and quiet, and there is no dryness and stuffiness caused by traditional heating, and it will not cause indoor floating due to air flow. Ash.
Electric heating film and high-frequency electromagnetic heating not only heat the indoor air, but also the far-infrared external waves emitted in the system have functions such as regulating immunity and delaying aging of the human body. The bottom-up heating process is consistent with foot warming. The human body health principle of warming the head.
In addition, the intelligent temperature control function allows people to keep warm at will, promote behavioral energy conservation, and start a new generation of humanized low-carbon life.
(5) Low-carbon economy: vigorously promote the use of building energy-saving and income-generating electric heating mulch films and high-frequency electromagnetic heating systems for low-peak power, based on the premise of building energy-saving.
Thus, the vigorous promotion and widespread use of this new heating method has directly promoted the strict inspection and implementation of 65% of the country’s statutory building energy-saving standards, and thus promoted the development of low-carbon buildings in China. develop.
Furthermore, from the perspective of power usage balance, there is a huge difference between peak power consumption and nighttime power consumption, resulting in a waste of nighttime power.
Making full use of low-peak electricity can not only increase low-peak power revenue for the country, but also reduce power generation costs, stabilize electricity prices, save energy, and promote the low-carbon use of electric energy.
Application fields of electric heating
Construction: residential areas, hotels, office buildings, schools, villas, apartments for the elderly, kindergartens, libraries, shopping malls Industry: tank insulation, pipe companion Heating, warehouses, industrial plants, transportation: platform heating, road snow melting, agriculture: vegetable greenhouses, flower houses, brooding boxes, household: anti-fog mirrors, electric heating paintings, electric heating mats, electric heating kang, industry standards for electric heating of desk boards
< p>With the national energy conservation and emission reduction policies and the global focus on low-carbon economy, as new heating methods, electric heating films and high-frequency electromagnetic heating products in the electric heating industry are attracting more and more attention.The heating method of electric heating film and high-frequency electromagnetic heater does not consume water, does not occupy an area, switches on and off independently, saves energy and materials, complies with the policy orientation of emission reduction and low-carbon, promotes the development of energy-saving buildings, and is favored by the country. Authoritative departments such as the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the country’s top authoritative information source, Voice of China, the country’s top authoritative media outlet, and other authoritative information media have received extensive attention.
Voice of China: The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development recently decided that Harbin Institute of Technology and Heilongjiang Zhonghui Co., Ltd. will jointly compile the "Technical Specifications for the Application of Electric Heating Films", which has attracted widespread attention in the heating industry. .
Heilongjiang Zhonghui Geothermal, founded by Yin Huilai, is the world's largest electric heating film and electric heating mulch production base, with an annual production capacity of 500 million pieces. It is one of the initiators of this industry.
It is predicted that the launch of this technical standard not only means that environmentally friendly and economical electric heating film heating will enter thousands of households faster, but also means the revitalization of the electric heating film and high-frequency electromagnetic heater heating industries. The spring of low-carbon development of the industry is coming.