2. 1. Abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting and melena; 2. Headache, dizziness, insomnia, even irritability and coma; 3. Palpitation, pallor and anemia; 4. Vasospasm, liver and kidney damage; 5. Children with acute poisoning have a metallic taste in their mouths, salivation, nausea, vomiting, and vomit is often white and milky (lead produces white lead chloride in the stomach), abdominal pain, sweating, irritability, and refusal to eat. 6. Acute lead poisoning encephalopathy, will suddenly appear intractable vomiting (can be jet), accompanied by breathing and pulse acceleration, ataxia, strabismus, convulsions, coma, etc. At this time, blood pressure may increase and papillae edema may occur; 7. Severe lead poisoning often leads to paroxysmal abdominal cramps, which can cause hepatomegaly, jaundice, oliguria or anuria, and circulatory failure. A few cases have gastrointestinal bleeding and paralytic intestinal obstruction. Patients with chronic illness have anemia, pale face (lead capacity), palpitation, shortness of breath, fatigue and so on. Teeth and nails are dyed black due to lead deposition, and black "lead lines" in gums are rare in children. Sometimes you can see limb paralysis. If intercostal muscle paralysis occurs, dyspnea and even respiratory failure may occur. 8. Serious central nervous system diseases, such as seizures, excessive exercise, aggressive behavior, language retardation or even loss, but no signs of acute intracranial hypertension. This chronic encephalopathy can be the sequela of acute encephalopathy, and it can also be related to frequent intake of excessive lead. Seizures and behavioral changes of sequelae of lead poisoning encephalopathy can be gradually alleviated in adolescence, but mental retardation still persists; Severe cases may include blindness and hemiplegia. Recently, it has been found that retinal spots often appear before urinary lead excretion is abnormal, which is not only an early sign of lead poisoning, but also a high positive rate in lead absorption patients, but there are also reports of false positives and false negatives.
3. 1, to prevent lead poisoning from continuing to enter. Cutting off the lead source of patients with mild poisoning has been able to prevent critical symptoms. For children poisoned by taking a large number of lead-containing drugs by mistake, they must first induce vomiting (using vomiting syrup) and lavage their stomachs with 1% sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate, then inject sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate into their stomachs to form insoluble lead sulfide, then lavage their stomachs again to remove precipitated lead sulfide, and then take a large amount of milk or magnesium sulfate. Then induce diarrhea with salt laxative 1 ~ 2 times. 2. Promoting lead excretion At present, the commonly used lead excretion therapy is to add disodium calcium EDTA15 ~ 25mg/kg to 5% glucose solution to prepare a 0.3% ~ 0.5% solution by intravenous drip or slow intravenous injection, so that the nontoxic lead EDTA can be excreted from urine. Generally, its daily total dose is not more than 50mg/ Kg by intravenous drip or intravenous slow injection twice, lasting for 2-3 days within 6 ~ 12 hours, with an interval of 5 ~ 10 days as a course of treatment. Generally, it can be used continuously for 3 ~ 5 courses of treatment, and lead can be driven again after 3 ~ 6 months according to the condition, which may cause renal damage. Therefore, it is necessary to check urine routine and renal function regularly during the treatment. Children should stop taking this treatment if they have abnormal renal function or anuria. It is best to dissolve a small amount of 0.2g in 5% first. 200 ml of glucose solution was slowly dropped into the vein for more than 65438 0 hours. If there is no adverse reaction within 4 hours, chronic poisoning can be injected intramuscularly at the above dose. This drug is rarely absorbed by gastrointestinal tract, and can be combined with lead to form disodium edetate, which is absorbed into the body to increase the toxicity of lead. Therefore, it is not appropriate to take the domestic antidote sodium dimercaptosuccinate orally. The effect of treating lead poisoning is as good as that of severe children with antimony poisoning or blood lead value exceeding 4. 0.83 μ mol/L (100 μ g/DL), and the dosage and usage of the combined therapeutic drugs are as follows: firstly, dimercaprol (BAL) is given, with the dosage of 4mg/kg, intramuscular injection every 4 hours 1 time; At the same time or in the future, children who can be injected with disodium calcium edetate (the maximum daily dose is 75mg/kg) every time 12.5mg/kg (the above two drugs are injected intramuscularly) should take penicillamine orally as soon as possible. The maximum daily dose 1g should be taken orally in kg four times, which should be combined with penicillin allergy test for 3-5 days, and then the blood lead concentration should be reduced to normal for 2 days before the next course of treatment. In the repeated course of treatment, the daily dose (disodium edetate 50mg/kg, dimercaprol 15mg/ kg) should be reduced as appropriate. Kg) Attention should be paid to the side effects of the above drugs during application. Stop using disodium EDTA immediately if the sick child has urine. Don't use iron at the same time when using dimercaprol. If the patient has no urine for more than 4 hours, hemodialysis should be carried out at the same time. After taking disodium EDTA and dimercaprol for 2 days, and then taking penicillamine orally for 5 days, the blood lead value of children is 2.88 ~ 3.84 μ mol/L (60 ~ 80 μ g/DL kloc-0/00 μ g/dl). If there is no lead in the intestine, disodium EDTA can be used alone for 5 days or dimercaprol plus disodium EDTA for 3 days, and the blood lead value is 2.88 ~ 3.84 μ mol. In addition to other symptoms of lead poisoning, children with dl generally do not need lead drainage treatment. In addition, disodium calcium diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (CaNa3DTPA) has a good lead removal effect and can be used as appropriate, with the dosage of 15 ~ 30mg/ time. Kg was dissolved in physiological saline to prepare 0.2% ~ 0.5% solution, and three days of intravenous drip was a course of treatment. In acute poisoning, sodium citrate can also be used for lead-lead citrate. Although it is soluble in blood, it is not easy to dissociate, so it has no toxic effect and can be excreted from urine without poisoning. The daily dose is 3 ~ 8g (adult dose). 2.5% solution can be injected intravenously if necessary. 3. Atropine 654- can be used to treat acute abdominal pain such as severe abdominal pain. Su Sheng K, etc. It can relieve intestinal spasm and slowly inject 10% calcium gluconate 10ml intravenously, which can not only relieve abdominal cramps, but also promote lead deposition in bones and reduce blood lead concentration. When necessary, older children can take compound camphor tincture and inject a small amount of morphine subcutaneously. 4. In order to treat acute brain symptoms, drugs such as diazepam, paraformaldehyde and phenobarbital sodium are generally used to control convulsions. In order to reduce intracranial pressure, 50% glucose or 20% mannitol can be infused intravenously to reduce the fluid intake of brain edema to meet its basic needs. Generally, it needs 40 ~ 60 ml/kg (equivalent to 800 ~ 1200 ml/m2) every day. At the same time, electrolyte imbalance such as vomiting, convulsion and fever should be adjusted to supplement the estimated minimum fluid loss. 5. Promote the safe treatment of lead excretion. Through the evaluation of many large authoritative scientific research institutions in China, such as West China University of Medical Sciences and Tongji Medical University, the Ministry of Health also clearly stated that this product has the effect of "promoting lead excretion and enhancing immunity". When lead is discharged, it will restore normal physiological and biochemical functions, improve anti-fatigue ability and immunity, and eliminate natural diseases. With the recovery of health, the disease resistance is enhanced, and it also plays a role in preventing diseases. It is suitable for people with excessive blood lead content, people exposed to lead pollution and people with low immunity, especially children and infants. Oral, 0 ~ 3 years old, 5ml twice a day (half a branch); 3 ~ 12 years old, twice a day, each time 10ml( 1 tablet); 12 years old or blood lead content above 200μg/L, three times a day, each time 10ml( 1 tablet). It is best to take it half an hour before meals. According to the experiment of West China University of Medical Sciences, the average blood lead content is reduced by 40 ~ 60 μ g/L every four weeks. It is the best oral product in China at present. "So, children with lead can estimate the length of taking time through this average. It is beneficial to children's growth (Lidexi) to adopt the scientific lead elimination scheme of "eliminating, resisting and supplementing", effectively reduce the blood lead content index of children, eliminate the symptoms of lead poisoning in children in time, and fully supplement various trace elements necessary for children's growth and development. In the screening of children's blood lead, it is found that a large number of children with excessive blood lead content not only have excessive blood lead, but also lack of trace elements such as calcium, iron and zinc, showing a "collective trace element imbalance". Most parents do not pay attention to lead excretion when supplementing their children with trace elements such as calcium, iron and zinc, which affects the absorption of trace elements such as calcium, iron and zinc, and still shows symptoms of calcium, iron and zinc deficiency; And a few parents who discharge lead for their children neglect to supplement trace elements for their children. In view of this situation, Yitong Growth (Lidexi) proposed a trinity lead replacement scheme of "expelling, resisting and supplementing". Clinical verification shows that the trinity lead prevention program of "expelling, resisting and supplementing" can effectively reduce the blood lead content index of children, eliminate the symptoms of lead poisoning, effectively protect the brain, and supplement various trace elements necessary for children's growth and development in time to enhance the body's immunity. It is the best solution to lead poisoning on the market at present.