The skeleton of the ancient umbrella from the Warring States Period appears in its original form [Photos]
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Who invented the umbrella? There have always been different opinions on this issue. Some say that the Egyptians were the first to use umbrellas. As early as 1200 BC, Egyptian nobles often asked slaves to hold parasols for them when traveling. The Romans used umbrellas to protect themselves from the sun in the Mediterranean region. In China, the umbrella was invented by Lu Ban's wife in 1000 BC. The umbrella is called a "movable house".
In Britain, umbrellas began to be used in the 18th century. The Bainas umbrella was once a special product for women, expressing a woman's attitude towards love. Putting the umbrella up means steadfast love; holding an open umbrella in the left hand means "I don't have free time now." Shaking the umbrella slowly indicates lack of confidence or distrust; leaning the umbrella on the right shoulder indicates that one does not want to see you again.
In the 19th century, men began to use umbrellas.
Because the British umbrella is an indispensable part of British life, it has become a symbol of the traditional British lifestyle and a must-have for London businessmen and officials. John Bull, the symbol of the British, holds it in his hand. Umbrella. It is also indispensable in literary works and movies. The Umbrella Museum was established in the UK in 1969. Umbrellas also have many uses. Umbrellas are sometimes used as weapons. In 1978, a group of exiled Bulgarians was stabbed with an umbrella tip by an assassin on Waterloo Bridge and died of poisoning. Some umbrella handles can be sprayed with pepper to stop vicious dogs from chasing and biting. Some umbrella handles have lights that illuminate the path.
There is a tear gas umbrella in the UK. If you encounter a gangster, you can spray tear gas by pressing the handle to drive the gangster away. Umbrellas can also predict people's luck. If the umbrella falls on the ground, do not pick it up yourself, otherwise bad luck will come. If you open your umbrella on a sunny day, it means you are bringing the rain. Don't open an umbrella in the house or put it on the bed.
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China is the first country in the world to invent the umbrella. It has a history of at least 3,500 years from the date of invention to the present. At that time, it was called "簦". In the Later Wei Dynasty, umbrellas were used for official ceremonies, and ordinary people called them "Luo Umbrellas". Official ranks vary in size, and the size and color of umbrellas also vary. The emperor used yellow umbrellas when traveling to express "shade for the people". In fact, the main purpose was to protect them from the sun, wind and rain. After the umbrella was born in China, with the increasing opening up and exchanges, it gradually spread abroad. During the Tang Dynasty, Japan sent 19 groups of "envoys to the Tang Dynasty" to China, more than 500 people, including doctors, painters, musicians and scholars in various fields. They went to China to observe and study Chinese culture. They not only introduced the Chinese calendar, astronomy, Music, art and other cultures were brought to Japan, as well as a variety of production technologies and manufacturing techniques, including umbrella-making techniques. In 1747, a British businessman named Zunas traveled to China and found that Chinese people were walking in the rain with oil-paper umbrellas. After the rain stopped, they closed the umbrellas and carried them with them. It was very convenient and he bought one when he returned home. Not long after he returned, it was a rainy day, and he opened the umbrella he had brought back and walked on the streets of London. According to the British religious tradition at that time, it was believed that raining was the will of God, and using an umbrella to cover the rain was against God's will and was treasonous. Hannuwe was taunted and cursed, and some even had eggs thrown at him. However, the benefits of umbrellas were visible to everyone, and they finally became popular despite the opposition. By the middle of the 19th century, umbrellas had become a necessity for British people, and using them had become an honor for British people.
4,000 years ago, a child walked in the rain with a big lotus leaf on his head. Raindrops rolled down the convex side of the lotus leaf, which inspired people to invent the umbrella. "The lotus leaf on the head, this phenomenon may inspire people to invent umbrellas, but it may also be the child imitating the innocence of adults wearing headgear, which is the same as children carrying wooden pistols on their waists and riding on horseback. There is not much difference between a bamboo horse. Even if you take a step back, the inspiration of the lotus leaf on the head is reasonable, but where does "4000 years ago" come from? In fact, there are various folk legends about the invention of the umbrella. It is said that Lu Ban was working for the people in the countryside, and his wife, Yun, often got wet during the rainy season during the rainy season. There are some pavilions where you can take shelter for a while when it rains. Although pavilions are good, it is inconvenient to set up more. Moreover, in spring, children's faces change three times a day, and in summer, thunderstorms can come at a sudden speed, even with lightning speed. ". Yun suddenly thought, "It would be great if I had a small pavilion with me." After hearing his wife's words, Lu Ban suddenly became enlightened. This powerful and omnipotent Chinese invention king cut a piece of cloth according to the shape of the pavilion. Install a movable frame and a handle, and the world's first "umbrella" was born. According to "Jade Chips", it seems that the umbrella was invented by Lu Ban's daughter-in-law to care for her husband who worked outside all day long. , if you want to apply for a patent, it is more reasonable for Lu Ban and his wife to enjoy it together. The invention of this umbrella is the product of their love and mutual care.
Lu Ban was a skilled craftsman of the Lu State in the Spring and Autumn Period. In the ancient times, Master Confucius traveled around the country and was inevitably exposed to the sun and rain, so he made a fixed umbrella in his car, which could protect him from wind and rain as well as sun and heat. "Umbrella" can be seen on the second "Traveling Around the World" commemorative stamp J162 "2540th Anniversary of the Birth of Confucius" issued in 1989.
Due to the derived significance of umbrellas in sociology, in China In ancient times, umbrellas were a symbol of the power of emperors, generals, and dignitaries. This is clearly recorded in the "Zuo Zhuan" "Preparation Book" and "Jin Shu Yu Fu Zhi", and the materials, colors, and sizes of umbrellas were strictly ranked. Just like the black gauze on the head and the court uniform on the body, it is also a sign of differentiating official positions and status. For example, in the Han Dynasty, it was stipulated that black umbrellas should be used by Jiuqing and Sangong who had eaten more than 2,000 shi of millet, and by officials of third rank and above. Green umbrellas, while in the Song Dynasty, the emperor used red and yellow, and the officials all used green, etc. Therefore, in ancient times, the sedans or cars in which emperors or high-ranking officials traveled had their umbrellas open to show "protection for the people." Umbrellas are also called "parasol", "luo umbrella", "wanmin umbrella", and in written language they are also called "huagai". This type of ceremonial entry with an umbrella may be the most magnificent and fully expressed in the "Ming Dynasty People Entering and Entering the Police" issued by Taiwan Province. There are five "Umbrellas" in red, green, yellow, blue and white, which are colorful. Among the third and fifth "Umbrellas" of the "Police Picture", there are two symmetrical left and right umbrellas that are temporarily folded and carried on the shoulders. There is an open one in the middle that is moving forward. It is noisy, mighty and majestic. Precisely because umbrellas symbolize prosperity and wealth, there is also the custom of holding umbrellas in oriental folk weddings. This is vividly depicted in the folk wedding stamps issued by Macau and North Korea.
Among contemporary art works, umbrellas are the first to be given sociological or political symbolic meaning to the oil painting "Chairman Mao Goes to Anyuan" created by Liu Chunhua during the Cultural Revolution. In the painting, dark clouds cover the sun and a mountain rain is about to come. Mao Zedong holds an umbrella in his hand and walks on the dense mountain road. Since July 1, 1968, the painting has been distributed across the country with "Two Newspapers and One Periodical", and has been printed into color leaflets and mounted on stamps. It has become the most widely circulated art in the history of world art (a total of more than 900 million pieces). work. In October 1995, China Guardian Auction Company sold the original painting for 6.05 million yuan, which once again caused a sensation at home and abroad.
Umbrellas are not only an ancient daily necessities, but also not only official decorations, but also commonly used props in opera, song and dance, and acrobatic arts. The first stamp of "The Legend of White Snake" issued by Taiwan Province in 1983 reflected the scene of "borrowing an umbrella from West Lake". It was this umbrella that borrowed and returned it, which gave rise to the twists and turns between Xu Xian and White Snake. love story. The national folk art that directly uses umbrellas as the central prop is reflected in many Chinese and foreign stamps.
The "Li Nationality March 3rd" in my country's Special 55 "Chinese Folk Dance" (Group 3) depicts a pair of young Li nationality men and women holding an umbrella, intimate and loving. Singing and dancing vividly reflect the folk customs of the Li people in March. The rich local flavor and folk customs come to mind. Among the folk dance stamps issued by Vietnam in 1962 and 1972, there was a stamp with the theme of "Umbrella Dance" respectively; among the folk dance stamps issued by Singapore in 1986, there was also a "Sumatra Folk Umbrella Dance" ; These folk arts with umbrellas as the central props have been put on business cards from various countries, and are very dynamic and beautiful. Created by Liu Hongping.
The Umbrella Family
Nowadays, umbrellas are no longer just used to cover the wind and rain in the traditional sense. Its family can be said to have multiplied descendants and has many styles. There are lampshade umbrellas placed on desks and coffee tables, beach umbrellas with a diameter of more than two meters, parachutes necessary for pilots, automatic umbrellas that can be folded freely, and small colorful umbrellas used for decoration... … With the development of science and technology and the improvement of people’s living standards, people are constantly pursuing new styles and functions of umbrellas, so some multi-functional and new styles of umbrellas are constantly being invented. For example, a very unique umbrella has appeared in Japan. The umbrella handle is equipped with a radio. When the umbrella is opened, you can hear beautiful music. In addition, the Japanese also invented a shoe umbrella because ordinary umbrellas cannot prevent shoes from getting wet in the rain. This kind of umbrella stands on the toe of the shoe. When it rains, it can be opened to prevent the shoes and feet from getting wet in the rain. However, when the umbrella is not opened, it is a kind of decoration on the head of the shoe. There is also a kind of scented umbrella abroad. Once the umbrella is opened, the fragrance is rich. You can imagine how comfortable you feel when holding this umbrella in the rain
In 1100 BC, the Chinese had already used umbrellas , at that time, umbrellas were already used to express identity. The ribs are made of bamboo or sandalwood and covered with an umbrella canopy made of leaves or feathers. The word "umbrella" did not appear in English until the 12th century AD. In the past, there were only parasols. It was not until 1733 that Parisians used oilcloth as an umbrella surface to make umbrellas. In 1750, the British man Hanwei brought an umbrella back to London after traveling abroad, which caused a sensation. In 1874, Hawkes, a metal wire-drawer in the Deka area near Snowball, obtained the patent for curved steel umbrella ribs. With these ribs, the umbrella can be tightened, and it has since become a common rain gear for British gentlemen. In 1930, Berliner Haupt invented the telescopic umbrella. Some people in academia also say that the umbrella was invented in China during the Three Kingdoms period in the 4th century AD.
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The origin of things: China is the first country in the world to invent umbrellas, with a history of at least 3,500 years from the date of invention to the present.
The history of the evolution of things: In the Later Wei Dynasty, umbrellas were used for official ceremonies, and the common people called them "Luo Umbrellas". Official ranks vary in size, and the size and color of umbrellas also vary. The emperor used yellow umbrellas when traveling to express "shade for the people". In fact, the main purpose was to protect them from the sun, wind and rain. After the umbrella was born in China, with the increasing opening up and exchanges, it gradually spread abroad. During the Tang Dynasty, Japan sent 19 groups of "envoys to the Tang Dynasty" to China, more than 500 people, including doctors, painters, musicians and scholars in various fields. They went to China to observe and study Chinese culture. They not only introduced the Chinese calendar, astronomy, Music, art and other cultures were brought to Japan, as well as a variety of production technologies and manufacturing techniques, including umbrella-making techniques. In 1747, a British businessman named Zunas traveled to China and found that Chinese people were walking in the rain with oil-paper umbrellas. After the rain stopped, they closed the umbrellas and carried them with them. It was very convenient and he bought one when he returned home. Not long after he returned, it was a rainy day, and he opened the umbrella he had brought back and walked on the streets of London. According to the British religious tradition at that time, it was believed that raining was the will of God, and using an umbrella to cover the rain was against God's will and was treasonous. Hannuwe was taunted and cursed, and some even had eggs thrown at him. However, the benefits of umbrellas were visible to everyone, and they finally became popular despite the opposition.
By the mid-19th century, umbrellas had become a necessity for British people, and using them had become a kind of honor for British people.
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