First, the main purpose
This technology is obtained through experimental research and engineering application, which can eliminate both bed-load sediment and suspended sediment. It can be used for sediment treatment in many fields, such as irrigation, water diversion station, industrial and human and animal drinking water, aquaculture, mud dehydration of dredgers, sediment coarsening in dike siltation projects, etc.
The main economic and technical indicators of dredging facilities are: 1. The treatment flow range is not limited (the actual engineering treatment flow reaches 0.02m3/s ~ 65m3/s); (2) It can treat all levels of sediment with particle size greater than 0.05 mm, remove bed load sediment with particle size greater than 0.5 mm 100%, and remove suspended sediment with particle size less than 0.05 mm by more than 90%; 3. The average water consumption for sediment discharge only accounts for 3% of the channel water intake; 4. The head before the entrance of the funnel is more than 0.2m, which can be used for the completed hydropower station without reducing the original power generation head; 5. It can work normally within 80% of the designed diversion flow of the channel. The most prominent features of this technology are: the important economic and technical indicators such as the scope of sand-containing water treatment and the water consumption rate of sand discharge are far superior to other sand discharge facilities at home and abroad, and the engineering structure is simple, the cost is low, the operation and management are convenient, the work is stable and reliable, and it is easy to popularize. This project was listed as a scientific and technological development project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in 1995, and won the national invention patent (patent No.96114757.1) in 1998, and was appraised as the first in China by experts from inside and outside the autonomous region organized by the Science and Technology Commission. 1998 won the first prize of scientific and technological progress in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and 200 1 passed the first prize of national scientific and technological progress (announced by Science and Technology Daily on May 3 1).
Second, the technical points
The working principle of sediment discharge facilities is to make full use of the sediment transport characteristics of three-dimensional vertical spiral flow. After the sand-laden flow enters the hourglass bucket chamber tangentially along the side wall of the funnel, it is constrained by the side wall of the funnel to form a strong circulation, which is influenced by the flow regulating device in the sand discharge funnel and triggers various forms of secondary flow. The coupling of this circulation and various secondary flows forms a three-dimensional vertical spiral flow, which brings sediment to the bottom of the sand drain well. At the same time, due to the existence of the bottom hole of the sand discharge funnel, the water flowing into the sand discharge funnel produces a free vortex in its center, an air funnel is formed in the middle of the free vortex, and a vortex with high sand discharge ability is formed around the air funnel. After entering the central vortex, the sediment moving around with the spiral flow is sent to the bottom hole of sediment discharge, and then discharged to the river channel through the sediment discharge corridor, or discharged into the artificially built sand collection pool as building materials.
The key of this technology is to form a fully developed and stable air funnel in the center of the funnel room. If the air funnel is not fully developed, or unstable, swinging greatly, the sand discharge efficiency is low, the water consumption of sand discharge increases, or even its working condition deteriorates, and the sand discharge capacity is completely lost. In order to obtain a fully developed and stable air funnel, it is necessary to have a structure suitable for the treatment process, including a connecting section connected with the channel, a water inlet pipeline, a flow regulating device, an overflow weir and a side tank, a bottom hole for sand discharge and a sand discharge corridor. These structural dimensions are very important, and no part is unimportant. All parts must be strictly coordinated. Therefore, there are strict requirements on the form and size of each part, because the water flow in the funnel chamber is a typical three-dimensional vertical spiral flow, which is coupled by many secondary flows, and the secondary flow is unstable. The change of the structural form or size of any part can easily change its water flow form, weaken or disappear the intensity of spiral flow, and the air funnel naturally does not exist.
Third, the market potential and benefit forecast
Sediment problem is a big concern in the world, and solving the sediment disaster in rivers and canals has been a difficult problem for water conservancy workers for many years. In recent years, the flood disaster in the Yangtze River basin has also caused the riverbed to rise due to sediment deposition. The sediment deposition in Dongting Lake and other lakes has greatly reduced its flood detention capacity, relatively raised the water level of rivers and lakes, and reduced the flood control capacity of flood control dams. Therefore, the problem of water flow and sediment seriously affects human production, life and safety. In Xinjiang, water resources are scarce, and rivers belong to mountain rivers. This river has a high sediment concentration, so it is necessary to prevent sand from being diverted. The problem of river sand destruction in northwest and southwest is similar. In the past, arc grit chambers and box grit chambers imported from the former Soviet Union were used to remove sediment, irrigation and power generation. These facilities can only remove about 30% of incoming sand in water transfer, but the water consumption for sand removal also accounts for 30% of water transfer, which is no longer available in Xinjiang, causing serious sand damage. In contrast, this technology can save more than 20 million cubic meters of sand washing water every year per 100 m3/s sediment-laden flow, which is equivalent to the water storage capacity of a medium-sized reservoir. Therefore, since 1995 was listed as a scientific and technological development project in the autonomous region, so far only 27 projects have been signed and planned in Xinjiang, and 15 projects have actually been put into operation. After all these 27 projects are completed and put into operation, the annual direct economic benefit is about 28 million yuan and the indirect benefit is 242 million yuan. The actual irrigation diversion in Xinjiang is about 5000m3/s, and there are more than 600 hydropower stations. The above 27 projects only solve 4% of the 5000m3/s water diversion and 1% of more than 600 power stations. If the popularization and application rate is increased from the above 5% to 25%, the annual direct economic benefit can reach 62 million yuan and the indirect economic benefit can reach 65,438. Sichuan Hydropower Survey and Design Institute has signed a contract with Xinjiang Agricultural University Water Conservancy and Hydropower Design and Research Institute, which has been popularized in Sichuan Province and has been used in Yiwu Lake Power Station, and a large power station on Tianwan River, a tributary of Dadu River, is also under consideration. Hunan Hydropower Design Institute and Dongting Lake Engineering Administration made the first mud dewatering device of 80 dredgers by using this technology, which is being tried out in Dongting Lake dredging and embankment construction project. After the Fuxin Municipal Government of Liaoning Province sent a delegation to Xinjiang to inspect this technology, it decided to use this technology to solve the sediment problem in the first phase of Liuhe Water Diversion Project. The Yellow River Pumping Administration of Dong Lei, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province decided to adopt this technology to solve the problems of river siltation and pump wear. Shanghai Waterway Survey and Design Institute and Shanghai Waterway Engineering Contracting Co., Ltd. intend to use this technology for sand coarsening in beach siltation and dike construction projects, and improve the mud concentration on the large-scale harrow suction dredger of the institute. The Information Center of the Ministry of Science and Technology regards this technology as the key promotion project of 1998. This technology was widely concerned during the 1999 China International Hi-tech Fair, and the Foreign Affairs Bureau of the Yellow River Commission specially sent a delegation to Xinjiang for investigation, believing that this technology can be used for sediment treatment of irrigation projects from the Yellow River. China Investment Promotion Quality Management Office of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization listed it as one of the high-tech promotion projects in China 100.
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