(1) Window design The traditional air cushion device is wrapped with PU insert material, and consumers can't see the air cushion device in the sole. Nike decided to expose the air cushion device. 1987, the designer dug two round holes from the side. This hole is called window design, which allows consumers to see the position of the air cushion in the insert.
(2) Computer Shoes 1985. Puma Company took the lead in designing and manufacturing the world's first pair of computer shoes, and exhibited a set of software used with the shoes. Computer shoes are equipped with an electronic device with a mass of 309 on the left heel of shoes, which can record the total running distance, time and energy consumption of athletes. Before use, the basic running data of athletes must be input into this equipment as the basis for calculating various related data. When the runner finishes running, take this electronic device down and plug it into the computer, and you can see the runner's running data on the computer screen. Runners can also learn about their past running through the charts on the screen. Adidas put computer equipment in 1986 shoes, so that athletes can know their running status in time.
(3) The sensor is installed in the sports shoes, which can record every step of the runner. Sports shoes are equipped with this sensor, and there will be imbalance between the two shoes. You can put a small bag in the other sports shoes to balance it. The sensor is connected with a small processor installed in the tongue of the shoe, and the user can immediately see the running time and distance as long as he inputs the average stride during running. In addition, if you input the user's weight (kg) data, you can further understand the body consumption.
(4) Fine-tuning function of sports shoes R&D researchers have developed a sole structure design and related functions that can be adjusted according to the needs of different users, so that users can run faster and get better results with the same energy consumption. 1987 began to concretize and customize this idea. Tingzhi changed the habit of customers to measure their feet before making shoes when they came to the store. Instead, we use mass production to produce sports shoes, which can not only fit like customized shoes, but also enable athletes to have the best sports performance and the price will not be too expensive. A pair of sports shoes can play a "fine-tuning function", which is mainly reflected in the fit, support and stability, shock absorption and so on. In order to meet the requirements of athletes, it is necessary to adjust the relevant parts of shoes in time to meet the requirements of sports and feet.
In 1986, Nike used elastic cloth with four-sided telescopic characteristics as the upper material of sports shoes, so that the fit of the upper can be adjusted in time. Later, the elasticity and hardness of the sole can also be fine-tuned to the most appropriate degree.
1987 Adidas company designed and produced running shoes with fine adjustment effect by replacing pins with different hardness sheets, which is characterized by changing the elasticity and hardness of the inserted part. The method is to make the heel part of the sole into a plug-in cylindrical pin, and the user can replace Pu pins with different hardness as needed to match the most suitable pin combination. This can not only adjust the hardness of the sole to achieve the effect of fine-tuning the midsole, but also prolong the service life of the sole by slowing down the wear speed. In addition, the outsole can be made into a detachable form by replacing bolts. 1986, Attuoni company designed and produced sports shoes with detachable soles. Users can design the most suitable shading sole according to the surface conditions of the sports ground.
Fine-tuning can not only adjust the hardness of the midsole, the wear of the outsole, the tightness of the upper and different outsole patterns, but also design and produce sports shoes with appropriate color or hardness according to their own weight and gait characteristics. The fine-tuning function is also manifested in emphasizing the control and correction of foot inversion.
(5) The return of energy to "higher, faster and stronger" is the purpose of the Olympic Games and the goal pursued by athletes. Therefore, if there really is a pair of sports shoes with this function, it will definitely be adopted by many athletes. During the period of 1987, Reebok and Confors designed and produced sports shoes with energy return. The energy-saving sports shoes emphasize that the kinetic energy of the user can be stored first, and the original stored kinetic energy can be returned to the user when the foot is about to leave the ground.
(6) Multi-functional sports shoes As the name implies, multi-functional sports shoes refer to a pair of shoes that have the effects of multiple sports shoes and can be used in different sports occasions. Usually, a pair of multifunctional sports shoes is often suitable for 3 ~ 5 kinds of sports, including running.
(7) The functional device of the upper changed greatly in 1980s, and the design emphasis of sports shoes shifted from the sole to the upper. Reebok designed and produced basketball shoes with inflatable uppers; The concept of removing shoelaces from uppers has been put forward, which has also led to the design of shoes without shoelaces in some famous brands. 199 1 year, puma company designed and produced a shoeless disc system. The disc system is the so-called shoeless mechanism, which consists of a group of planetary gear sets, super-strong ropes and four stabilizers. It is said that the fine adjustment effect is good, which is more convenient and stable than traditional shoelaces.
Nike took the lead in adopting lycra fabric and neoprene as uppers for running shoes. The superior telescopic characteristics of these two materials can make athletes feel comfortable, just like wearing a pair of socks. This kind of vamp successfully led a fashion trend and became one of the most representative changes of sports shoes in the 1990s. The vamp structure made of this telescopic material is different from the traditional vamp, and the tongue structure connected with the neckline of the shoe is used in various well-known brands of high-grade sports shoes.
(8) Sole luminous device is one of the main popular trends of sports shoes after 1990s, which is mainly used in children's sports shoes and bicycle shoes. The principle is that the light-emitting device, mainly a mercury battery, is embedded in the heel of the middle insert. Because mercury is a granular conductive substance, users will roll back and forth when walking, resulting in intermittent flashing. Generally, the light-emitting device can light up for 8 million times, which can last for about seven months.
(9) Shock absorption function (also called shock absorption) refers to the function of the sole to absorb or reduce shock and vibration when the foot touches the ground. Usually, when the human body is exercising, the soles of the feet need to bear 2-3 times the weight of the ground reaction force. If it is a jump, it needs to bear 5-7 times the ground reaction force. If the ground reaction is too strong, it will cause sports damage to human joints. Therefore, using air cushion, soft rubber and other devices to reduce vibration, just like the shock absorber used in cars, is both comfortable and protective.
(10) custom combination is a design requirement that is becoming more and more popular after 1990. Because shoes are often symmetrical and the size is the same, but everyone's left foot is not exactly the same in size and contour R. Therefore, if the upper is properly changed in size and contour, it is called custom-made compound foot design. Mainly influenced by the air pump inflation system introduced by Reebok and the elastic fabric introduced by Nike as the upper material, so that major famous brands compete to launch this kind of running shoes as comfortable as "customized shoes".
(1 1) Keep your feet dry and comfortable. When exercising in cold climate, it is necessary to keep your feet dry, because your feet sweat in the shoe cavity, which leads to the accumulation of moisture and sweat in the shoe cavity. If the feet are too wet, the sweat can't be discharged in time, and the feet may be unbearable or injured. Therefore, its sports shoes are not designed to avoid wet feet.
(12) Fit refers to the internal volume, size, outline and other factors of shoes, which can be consistent with the volume, size and outline of feet to obtain a comfortable wearing feeling. There are many related factors that affect the fit of shoes. If the fit of sports shoes is not ideal, excessive pressure will be exerted on the place where the feet don't fit, resulting in problems such as corns and big toe mucocysts.
(13) There are many factors that affect the bending effect of a pair of shoes, including vamp, insole, midsole, middle insert, outsole, paper design and so on. It is worth mentioning that a pair of flexible shoes does not necessarily mean comfortable to wear. Make the bending parts of shoes correspond to the bending parts of feet. The bending part of the two should be about 40% of the total length from the heel forward.
(14) Flip control refers to the design to control or correct the foot flip phenomenon.
(15) The stabilizing effect of the heel part refers to the "supporting" and "stabilizing" effects of the heel part of the foot. Broadly speaking, this design requirement should be included in the design requirement of rollover control, because the stabilizing effect of heel is actually to avoid the rollover phenomenon of ankle joint, so as to avoid excessive pronation.
(16) Anti-buckling design refers to the design that strengthens the bending effect of the sole in the forefoot of sports shoes, corresponding to the bending position of the forefoot, such as outsole, insert, insole, midsole, vamp, etc., and most of them use flexible materials with anti-bending performance.
(17) Anti-skid effect refers to the anti-skid effect or grip of the outsole on the surface. Poor anti-slip effect, not only easy to slip, but also affect the user's sports performance; On the one hand, the sole material affects the anti-skid effect, on the other hand, the correct sole grain design also has a significant impact on the anti-skid effect. The anti-skid performance of shoes is not necessarily "the higher the better", especially for some sports that must be braked urgently. If the anti-skid effect is too good, it will often exert too much force on some joints of the lower limbs, such as the knee joint, causing sports injuries.
(18) Achilles tendon design is also called Achilles tendon protection design. According to the improved design that the Achilles tendon at the heel is easy to be abraded at the back of the upper, the most prominent part of the heel is lowered to avoid abrading the tendon, that is, the whole mouth and double peaks design.
(19) The Geely-style threading method aims to replace the traditional eyelet with a circular hole made of fabric material located inside or outside the eyelet. Traditional shoelaces are worn in eyelets and open upward and downward. The opening direction of Geely circular holes is forward and backward. Fabric materials generally have good tear resistance and wear resistance.
(20) The inflatable device is a series of inflatable air cushion groups placed between the midsole. This kind of air cushion has an inflation valve and a deflation valve, which can inflate and adjust the air pressure inside the air cushion. It is a popular air cushion design. Designed for the patent vamp of Reebok Company, 1990 was officially applied to sports shoes at the beginning of 1990. According to different sports needs and different foot conditions of consumers, the position and area of the inflator will be different. When in use, the foot can get the best fit and comfort as long as the number of inflation valves or the number of deflation valves is gently pressed. But also can stably support the instep and the trampled part to avoid sports injuries. And here.
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Respondent: Luxixi, Chang 'an City | Grade II | June 2008-19 20: 25.
From five aspects: 1, structure: To make a design, you must know the structure in detail. Structure is the bracket and frame of shoes. Toe head: generally divided into round, square and pointed. To find a balance between comfort and beauty, wearing comfort is the basic requirement. Toe modeling is the premise of creating a sense of form, which promotes individuality in aesthetics and reflects fashion. In the design concept, there is reality in the virtual and emptiness in the real. In concrete modeling, there is a circle in the square and a square in the circle, which embodies harmony and fluency. Top: It's more about modeling. At the same time, the decoration of the feet will also affect the supplement to the body. For example, the effect of high and low sides is different. The vamp can be made into a variety of changes, because the area is large and it is easy to show the "expression" of shoes, and the three-dimensional, flat, simple and complicated design elements are all reflected here. Casual shoes are different from others, such as etiquette shoes, which have less decoration. Heel: It can meet people's demand for increasing space height. There is a difference between high heels and heels, and women's requirements for high heels are related to their body shape. Pingheel and Gaogen can still do some articles. Sports and leisure shoes have almost no pointed high heels, which are not suitable because they require moderate exercise in function, so they are relatively conservative. Upper level: actually, it means the same as the upper level. It is the outer surface of shoes, and its color, texture and pattern reflect the concept of fashion, giving people an overall visual experience. The practical function of the vamp often gives way to the aesthetic function. It is both external and internal with the shoe body, which constitutes the expression language of shoes. Sole: Although the sole is invisible visually, it is very important as a casual sports shoe. There are certain requirements for materials, and the ups and downs of modeling should be considered in conjunction with ergonomics (specific requirements such as softness, elasticity and anti-slip). We should emphasize the functionality of the sole and the physiological feeling of the person wearing it, because the comfort in action is very important. To sum up, it is beneficial to consider the structure from both aesthetics and ergonomics. Shallow fashion and people-oriented modeling are not contradictory, but complement each other. 2. Texture (material): Many designers pay too much attention to shape and pattern, and not to material. In fact, modern fashion attaches great importance to the collocation of materials, because the choice of materials also represents a fashion, and materials are sometimes another way of saying quality. The contrast of materials is very important. Leisure sports shoes are mostly made of matt material, which brings different light perception from leather shoes. 3. Form: Form is style, and it also refers to its form, such as delicate and rough. Form is the posture of a shoe, and relaxed form is the biggest feature of casual sports shoes. Any shape or style should not give people a sense of tension, but should emphasize the feeling of sports or running water, so that people can feel a kind of strength and personality charm in sports. The essence is that sports shoes are often decorated with curves to enhance this feeling. An open form corresponds to an open quality of life, which is the design connotation we are looking for. 4. Color (pigment): In casual sports shoes, black, white and gray are the three basic main colors, which can reflect an elegant mood. If these three colors are matt, they will express their taste more directly. Leisure sports shoes implicitly regard a luster as fashion, and the soft feeling conforms to the psychological characteristics of leisure, which is a positioning. But this can't be absolute. Different genders and ages have different requirements for color. Children's leisure sports shoes should embody a kind of liveliness and vitality. Women's casual sports shoes should use more bright colors and decorations on the basis of color harmony, so as to improve the gold content of fashion and satisfy their mentality of keeping up with fashion-and coordinate with clothing. 5. Decoration: On the basis of ergonomics and comfort, we can design some decorative elements on the surface of shoes, including graphic elements and material elements. In 2004, a considerable number of leisure sports shoes on the market were made of glossy materials, such as patent leather and artificial leather, with strong color contrast and lightness contrast. The use of some small metal decorative pieces reflects the metallic luster, and the treatment methods such as fluorescence and gradual layering make the shoes full of vitality. The design of leisure sports shoes must pay attention to the comfort and protection of feet from the perspective of ergonomics in order to facilitate sports. For example, the design of soles should have grip and cushioning, no matter what kind of patterns, this cushioning should be treated differently for different types of sports. Basketball shoe soles are mostly tank track stripes, while tennis shoe soles are mostly wavy stripes. In the design of women's casual shoes, colorful shoelaces can be added, so that rainbows can be worn under the feet, and a new pattern can drive new fashion. These are inseparable from the basic requirements of leisure sports. Whether it is high-tech or returning to classicism, we should always grasp a humanized design and highlight the tough sports style. When contemporary design theory is constantly updated, we should combine technology with art, theory with practice, market with production. Grasping fashion is the starting point of industrial application design, and integrating a humanized concept into our design, then we can overcome the rigid state of modernism and the flashy influence brought by postmodernism, face the needs of today's market and society more realistically, and make our design walk in the forefront of fashion.