As one of the indispensable jobs in the chemical industry, electricians shoulder the important mission of maintaining the normal operation of the entire factory. When maintaining and repairing circuits, the tools commonly used by electricians are divided into three categories: general tools, line installation tools, and equipment decoration tools. Whether you are an electrician or not, you need to know the following knowledge. Maybe when the opportunity comes, you will seize it.
1. General tools
General tools refer to tools that electricians often use in their work.
1. Electroscope
It is an instrument used to determine whether there is power on electrical equipment or lines. Divided into two types: low pressure and high pressure.
How to use the low-voltage electroscope
a. The pen body must be held as shown in the figure, and the backlight of the small neon tube window should face you for easy observation.
Teach you how to recognize electrical tools and how to use them in minutes. b. In order to prevent the metal tip of the pen from touching human hands, an insulating sleeve must be put on the metal rod of the screwdriver test pen, leaving only the knife edge. For testing needs.
c. The electroscope pen must not be affected by moisture, disassembled or assembled at will, or subjected to severe vibration.
d. Tests should be carried out frequently on live objects to check whether they are intact. Unreliable test pens are not allowed to be used.
c. During inspection, if a single metal wire in the neon tube emits light, it is direct current; if both wires illuminate, it is alternating current.
How to use high-voltage electroscope
a. It should be operated by two people, one of whom operates and the other monitors.
b. When outdoors, it must be used on sunny days.
c. Personnel performing electrical testing operations must wear insulating gloves that meet the requirements and hold them correctly. As shown below.
d. Before use, it should be tested on a live object to check whether it is intact. Unreliable electroscopes are not allowed to be used. High-voltage electroscopes should undergo a withstand voltage test every six months to ensure safety.
2. Wire pliers
Function of each part
a. Jaw: used to bend or clamp wire ends.
b. Tooth opening: used to tighten or loosen nuts.
c. Knife edge: used to cut wires or cut the insulation layer of soft wires.
d. Guillotine: used to cut hard metal wires such as steel wire and lead wire.
e. The pliers handle must be covered with an insulating tube. The holding method when using it is as shown in Figure b above.
f. The shaft pin of the clamp head should be lubricated with engine oil regularly.
3. Screwdrivers
Screwdrivers are commonly known as screwdrivers and screwdrivers, and are used to tighten or unscrew screws. Electricians cannot use screwdrivers with metal rods extending straight through the top of the handle (commonly known as through-core screwdrivers). An insulating tube should be added to the metal pole.
4. Electrician's knife
An electrician's knife is a commonly used electrical tool used for cutting or dissecting.
How to use an electrician's knife
(1) The knife edge should be facing outward when using it. The blade should be folded into the handle immediately after use.
(2) The handle structure of the electrician's knife is not insulated, and the electrician's knife cannot be used on live objects to avoid electric shock.
(3) The cutting edge of the electrician's knife should be ground into an arc-shaped cutting edge on one side. When cutting the insulation layer of an insulated wire, the arc-shaped knife surface must be attached to the wire for cutting, so that the knife edge will not easily damage the wire core.
5. Electrician's tool holder
Electrician's tool holder is an instrument used by electricians to hold the most commonly used tools they carry with them. When in use, tie it with a belt around your waist.
2. Line installation tools
Line installation tools are tools used for line installation.
1. Wall hole chisels
There are four types of wall hole chisels: round tenon chisels, small flat chisels, large flat chisels and long chisels.
(1) Round mortise and tenon: Figure A below is used to carve wooden mortise holes in concrete structures.
(2) Small flat chisel: Figure b below, used to chisel wooden tenon holes in brick walls.
(3) Large flat chisel: Figure c below, used to chisel the buried holes of angle steel brackets and braces.
(4) Long chisel: Figure d below shows a round steel long chisel, which is used to carve through holes in concrete walls. Picture e below shows a long chisel for a steel pipe, used to carve through holes in brick walls.
2. Impact drill
It is an electric tool that can be used as an "electric drill" or an "electric hammer". When using it, you only need to adjust it to the corresponding gear.
Precautions for the use of impact drills
(1) Speed ??adjustment and gear adjustment ("rush" and "hammer") should be performed with the rotation stopped. When drilling wall holes, a special impact drill bit should be selected according to the hole diameter. The impact drill bit is shown in Figure b below.
(2) During the drilling process, in order to remove soil debris in time, the drill bit should be pulled out frequently; when punching holes in reinforced buildings, excessive pressure should not be applied when encountering hard objects to avoid Drill annealing.
3. Wire tightener
The wire tightener is used to tighten the wires of indoor and outdoor insulator lines and outdoor overhead lines, as shown in the figure below.
When in use, the positioning hook must hook the wiring bracket or cross arm. The clamping pliers clamp the end of the wire that needs to be tightened, and then pull the handle to gradually tighten.
4. Wire stripper
Its function is to strip the insulation layer of plastic or rubber wires less than 6 square millimeters. There are multiple cutouts of different sizes on the clamp head to accommodate wires of different sizes, as shown in the picture below. When using, the wire must be cut and stripped on a cut that is slightly larger than the diameter of the wire core to avoid damaging the wire core.
How to use wire strippers
Place the wire between the blade and the plier head, then clamp the wire in the front blade, and adjust the peeling length by referring to the centimeter scale. . (can be adjusted at will). For thick insulation, turn the knob to control the strength of the blade clockwise. For thin ones, turn it counterclockwise to adjust it to the best position. Press the handle tightly. The insulation will be cut without damaging the wire. At the same time, the blade Slide the insulation away.
5. Pipe wrench
Pipe wrench is used to tighten or loosen the knots or pipe nuts on the electrical conduit. It is used in the same way as an adjustable wrench.
How to use pipe wrench
1. Adjust the appropriate distance between the jaws to adapt to the diameter of the pipe to ensure that the jaws can clamp the pipe.
2. Generally, the left hand is pressed on the head of the pipe wrench, and a slight force is required. The right hand is pressed on the tail end of the pipe wrench handle, and the force distance is longer.
3. Press down hard with your right hand to tighten (loosen) the pipe fittings.
6. Pedal board
Pedal board is also called pedal and is used to climb electric poles. The length of the rope should generally be as long as one person and one hand. Both the pedal board and the rope should be able to withstand a weight of more than 300kg, and a load test must be conducted every six months. It is necessary to adopt the correct standing posture to maintain stability.
You can also use foot buckles to climb poles. The climbing speed is faster and the method of climbing the pole is simple. However, it is not as flexible and comfortable as the pedal board during operation and is prone to fatigue. It is suitable for short-term operations on the pole.
7. Protective equipment
When climbing a pole, you must wear a protective hat, protective gloves, electrical insulating rubber shoes and electrical work clothes.
3. Equipment decoration tools
Equipment decoration tools are tools for repairing or installing electrical equipment.
1. Top puller
Top puller, commonly known as puller, is divided into two types: double-claw and three-claw. It is a special tool for removing pulleys and bearings. The shape and usage of the top puller are as shown below. During use, each claw should be kept at an equal distance from the center screw.
2. Socket wrench
Used to tighten or loosen countersunk nuts, or used in places where an adjustable wrench cannot be used. It consists of two parts: a sleeve and a handle. It consists of multiple sleeves with hexagonal holes or dodecagon holes and is equipped with handles, extension rods and other accessories. The selection of sleeves should be suitable for the size of the nut.
It is especially suitable for bolts or nuts whose screwing position is very narrow or deeply recessed. If the nut end or bolt end is completely lower than the surface to be connected, and the diameter of the recessed hole cannot be used with an open-end wrench, adjustable wrench or torx wrench, use a socket wrench. In addition, due to the space limitations of the bolt parts, you can only use a socket. wrench.
3. Pulley
Commonly known as hoist, it is specially used for lifting heavier equipment. During the lifting process, if positioning is required at any time, or to prevent the equipment from rolling over during lifting, a combined pulley should be used.
4. Electric soldering iron
Electric soldering iron is the heat source for soldering iron, and there are two types: internal heating type and external heating type.
Things to note when using:
(1) Choose an appropriate soldering iron according to the size of the welding area.
(2) Unplug the power plug at any time after using the soldering iron.
(3) When used on conductive ground (such as concrete), the metal shell of the soldering iron must be properly grounded to prevent electric shock due to leakage.