Kei Ma believes that the development of agricultural mechanization in a country cannot be separated from the constraints of its agricultural farming system, rural economic status and industrial manufacturing level. Foreign large-scale agricultural machinery can only be used as a reference, and China should take the road of agricultural mechanization in line with national conditions. Agricultural machinery workers should have the ambition to improve and create new machines and tools to make them simple in structure and low in cost to meet the requirements of farmers. 1957, Kei Ma began to study and design a combine harvester (later called semi-feed combine harvester) based on the principle of "stalks don't enter the drum". Because the stalks do not enter the drum, the workload of the drum can be greatly reduced to meet the harvest requirements of high-yield crops; And keeps the stem intact, so it can be used as raw material for rural weaving sideline, which is more suitable for rural conditions in China. At that time, the first generation of prototype "High Yield 1" came out, which was the first combine harvester designed in China and even in the world based on the principle of "the stalk does not enter the drum". 1958, the second-generation improved prototype "Gao Shou 2" was tested in Hainan Island and sent to Leipzig International Expo for exhibition. The successful experiment of this principle has opened the way for the development of rice semi-feeding combined harvest.
Precision sowing is an advanced agricultural production technology, which has been widely used in some industrialized countries. It has the advantages of saving a lot of seeds (especially excellent hybrid seeds), reducing or eliminating artificial thinning, which is beneficial to seedling growth and yield increase. At that time, the precision grid seeding used abroad was complicated in machine structure, and the horizontal disc seed metering device was used, so the seeding accuracy was not high, resulting in seedling breakage. Therefore, in order to develop new precision sowing technology, it is necessary to change grid hole sowing into single seed sowing, and to study and improve seed metering device to improve seed metering accuracy. 1960, Kei Ma began to study the precision on-demand seed metering device in cooperation with relevant personnel. The metering of foreign horizontal disc metering device is filled from the top to the side, and the seed guide table is added, which correspondingly improves the filling coefficient and metering accuracy. Through the indoor comparative test, the filling coefficient of the new-type seed metering device reaches 95% at a high working speed, while the filling coefficient of the Soviet Union and the United States is only 75% under the same conditions, which is 20% higher than that of the Soviet Union and the United States. This shows that the new seed metering device not only has low seed leakage rate, but also can meet the requirements of high-speed sowing.
1963 has tested the precision seeder of this kind of seed metering device in a large area on state-owned farms in Xinjiang and Northeast China, and the effect is good. 1964 was established as BJT-6 general precision seeder, and passed the national appraisal, becoming the first generation precision seeder for intertillage crops in China. Can sow cotton (photon), corn, sorghum, soybeans and other intertillage crops. According to a large-scale experimental investigation, intensive sowing of cotton can save 6 ~ 7 kg of seeds per mu, corn 1.5 ~ 2.5 kg and sorghum 0.5 ~ 1.5 kg. If half of China's cotton and corn planting areas are intensively sown, this alone will save the country more than 654.38 billion kilograms of grain and increase the output of 35 million kilograms of oil. However, at that time, due to insufficient publicity of precision sowing, most people didn't know enough about its economic benefits, and due to inappropriate seed selection and unsatisfactory soil preparation, it was only used in some areas of state-owned farms in Northeast China and Xinjiang, and three or four hundred sets were exported to help Albania.
During the "Cultural Revolution", Kei Ma was regarded as the object of "reactionary authorities" and "special suspicion" and was attacked and persecuted. However, he did not shake his faith during the isolation review, but took this opportunity to seriously reconsider how he would work in the future, think about the structure of new machines and tools, and draw sketches. 1967, Kei Ma saw a horizontal axial-flow rice thresher in Guangdong. The threshing and separation of grains and stalks are completed in one step in the drum, which simplifies the mechanism. Therefore, he was inspired and had an idea. If the axial roller is erected, the lower concave plate is changed from180 to 360 circumference, which not only doubles the separation area, but also doubles the separation area. Moreover, a vertical air duct can be added on the outer layer of the concave plate to carry out airflow cleaning and cancel the cleaning screen, so that the three processes of threshing, separating and selecting threshing parts are integrated into one, and the most simplified "three-in-one" threshing device is designed. Since then, he has formed an indissoluble bond with the research of axial flow drum and vertical axial flow threshing parts. 1968, Kei Ma was put into the guard room for isolation inspection, but he did not forget the idea of "three-in-one" vertical axial threshing device. He used this time to write inspection materials, but he still kept sketching and conceiving the overall structure. As soon as the guard found out, he reprimanded him loudly: "You don't write materials, you don't confess your crimes, and you still want to draw something!" .
From 65438 to 0969, Kei Ma went to work in Hunan Cadre School. After work, according to the situation that some agricultural poverty-stricken areas in China need semi-mechanized harvesting tools, he designed a hand-push harvester to harvest instead of a sickle, which is 2 ~ 3 times more efficient than a sickle. This design scheme was later adopted and developed by other units, and was once mass-produced and popularized.
Kei Ma often thinks, what is the most urgent agricultural machinery for farmers now? What R&D projects should be grasped to play a greater role! He felt that the harvesters developed by many domestic units did not meet the requirements of reliable and applicable performance. Before the "Cultural Revolution", although he built a horizontal header harvester and added a stacking device, it was basically successful, but it was not ideal. After a period of thinking, Kei Ma thought it was a better way to improve the vertical header harvester imported from Japan. Compared with the horizontal header, the vertical header has the advantages of simple structure, light weight, small extension of tractor supporting machines, flexible turning in the field and convenient operation, but there are also some disadvantages, such as large loss of scattered ears in the field, unable to widen the cutting width, only cutting1.2m, low efficiency and poor performance in harvesting lodging crops, so it has not been well popularized. If we can improve the design, overcome these shortcomings and maintain its advantages, it will be an ideal harvester. From 65438 to 0972, Kei Ma returned to the Agricultural Machinery Institute from the cadre school, and immediately went to the Huangpi Harvester Factory in Hubei Province, where he started the research of a new vertical header harvester with his assistant. After two years of experiments, the most promising scheme of developing the star-wheel straw feeder was finally determined from the experiments of blowing and weeding, and it was proved theoretically that the star-wheel straw feeder could solve the above main shortcomings.
Precision sowing is an advanced agricultural production technology, which has been widely used in some industrialized countries. It has the advantages of saving a lot of seeds (especially excellent hybrid seeds), reducing or eliminating artificial thinning, which is beneficial to seedling growth and yield increase. At that time, the precision grid seeding used abroad was complicated in machine structure, and the horizontal disc seed metering device was used, so the seeding accuracy was not high, resulting in seedling breakage. Therefore, in order to develop new precision sowing technology, it is necessary to change grid hole sowing into single seed sowing, and to study and improve seed metering device to improve seed metering accuracy. 1960, Kei Ma began to study the precision on-demand seed metering device in cooperation with relevant personnel. The metering of foreign horizontal disc metering device is filled from the top to the side, and the seed guide table is added, which correspondingly improves the filling coefficient and metering accuracy. Through the indoor comparative test, the filling coefficient of the new-type seed metering device reaches 95% at a high working speed, while the filling coefficient of the Soviet Union and the United States is only 75% under the same conditions, which is 20% higher than that of the Soviet Union and the United States. This shows that the new seed metering device not only has low seed leakage rate, but also can meet the requirements of high-speed sowing.
1963 has tested the precision seeder of this kind of seed metering device in a large area on state-owned farms in Xinjiang and Northeast China, and the effect is good. 1964 was established as BJT-6 general precision seeder, and passed the national appraisal, becoming the first generation precision seeder for intertillage crops in China. Can sow cotton (photon), corn, sorghum, soybeans and other intertillage crops. According to a large-scale experimental investigation, intensive sowing of cotton can save 6 ~ 7 kg of seeds per mu, corn 1.5 ~ 2.5 kg and sorghum 0.5 ~ 1.5 kg. If half of China's cotton and corn planting areas are intensively sown, this alone will save the country more than 654.38 billion kilograms of grain and increase the output of 35 million kilograms of oil. However, at that time, due to insufficient publicity of precision sowing, most people didn't know enough about its economic benefits, and due to inappropriate seed selection and unsatisfactory soil preparation, it was only used in some areas of state-owned farms in Northeast China and Xinjiang, and three or four hundred sets were exported to help Albania.
Kei Ma, who is nearly sixty years old, continues to fight in the front line of scientific research in order to revitalize the agricultural machinery industry in China. 1975, in order to achieve stable and high yield in Beijing suburbs and popularize the intercropping and interplanting system in a large area, how to realize the mechanized harvesting of wheat between maize rows has become an urgent problem to be solved. Kei Ma undertook this task and came to Tongxian Harvester Factory to apply the new structure of the star wheel harvester he studied to the interplanting harvester. After a year of repeated improvement and experiment, Beijing-185 vertical intercropping wheat harvester was born. When harvesting, wheat can be smoothly laid behind the walking tractor without hurting corn seedlings. After two large-scale production experiments of wheat and rice, it was well received by farmers. Although this machine has not been officially appraised in 1976, the harvester factory has produced 1200 sets. In that year, the wheat harvest in Tongxian County was177,000 mu, accounting for 42% of the harvest area. 72 brigades and 256 production teams in the county basically laid down their sickles.
Because the star-wheel grain conveyor of the invention has made a breakthrough in the performance of vertical cutting table, it not only solves the problem of intercropping and harvesting, but also provides a better model for plain agricultural areas. Subsequently, according to this principle and structure, many agricultural machinery research institutes and factories in various provinces and cities designed and produced harvesters of various models and specifications according to the supporting requirements of the region. From 1976 to 1977, this harvester developed rapidly to 14 provinces and cities in China. The State Council and the Ministry of Agricultural Machinery attach great importance to the promotion of this machine. From September, 65438 to September, 0979, the Ministry of Agricultural Machinery held a national conference on wheat harvesting machinery in Jinan, and summarized the typical examples of using this harvester in Shandong, Hebei, Henan and other places to "reduce labor and reduce harvest losses and achieve remarkable results". 1979 65438+In February, the Ministry of Agricultural Machinery reported the Report on Actively Developing Wheat Harvesters to the State Council, and put forward three benefits of popularizing this wheat harvester. By 1982, the machine has produced more than 80,000 sets in China and still has considerable vitality. This achievement won the third prize of 1983 national invention and was patented in the Philippines.
Another innovative project in Kei Ma is the vertical axial flow thresher. As we all know, the grain separating device used in the traditional thresher is a very long paper feeder, and the grain cleaning device is a reciprocating vibrating screen. These components need to occupy a large volume, which not only consumes more steel, but also makes it difficult to design a combine harvester hanging on a tractor. Kei Ma's design scheme is to adopt the principle of axial flow threshing, erect the traditional horizontal axial flow drum into a vertical axial flow threshing part, and cancel the document feeder and vibrating screen, so that the three working processes of threshing, separation and cleaning can be completed in a vertical drum. This is small in size and simple in structure. This new "three-in-one" threshing device was conceived in Kei Ma as early as the "Cultural Revolution". Because the idea could not be verified at that time, this innovation work didn't officially begin until 1977 Kei Ma successfully researched the vertical header harvester.
This new design idea is an arduous research topic, and there is no successful precedent at home and abroad, so we must start from scratch. After six years' hard work and numerous indoor and field tests in Kei Ma, this new threshing device finally succeeded in 1982, and its performance reached the target, but its weight was only 2/3 to 1/3 of that of the traditional thresher with the same productivity. In the same year, the module passed the ministerial scientific appraisal. During this period, Kei Ma trained two master students and one doctoral student for this research project. The threshing part won the third prize of 1988 national scientific and technological invention.
The last goal of Kei Ma's research is a new generation of low-cost combine harvesters. He is going to combine the vertical cutting table and vertical axial threshing parts he invented into a combine harvester, which is configured on a medium-sized tractor and becomes a Chinese-style combine harvester. At present, the main harvesting method in China is to harvest by stages with harvesters and threshers, which is a transitional harvesting method. Almost all foreign industrialized countries have achieved a joint harvest. Combined harvest has high labor productivity, which can reduce grain loss and labor consumption caused by field transportation and field operation. However, up to now, the traditional combine harvester is huge, complicated and expensive, which is the biggest obstacle for China and developing countries to carry out combined harvest. The cost of the new combine harvester being developed is only equivalent to the price of a harvester and a thresher, which farmers can afford. Kei Ma is now over 70 years old, but he is "old, ambitious, heroic and full of courage in his twilight years". He is still designing and drawing at his desk, diligent in innovation, and willing to continue to contribute his life energy to solving the hardships of farmers and the agricultural machinery cause in China in his lifetime.