Overview of UAV theory
An unmanned aircraft system refers to a UAV, related remote control stations, required command and control data links and considerable system consisting of any other components specified in the accurate model design. So, here is the overview of drone theory that I have compiled for you. You are welcome to read and browse.
1. Overview of UAV
UAV definition: UAV (UA--Unmanned Aircraft) is a remote-controlled aircraft Aircraft managed by a station (including remote control or autonomous flight) are also called remotely piloted aircraft (RPA--Remotely Piloted Aircraft), hereinafter referred to as drones.
UAS (Unmanned Aircraft System): also called an unmanned aircraft system, refers to an unmanned aerial vehicle, related remote control stations, and the required command and control data links The system consists of roads and any other components specified in the accurate model design.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle System Pilot: A person who has essential responsibilities and controls the flight at the appropriate time during the flight.
Captain of the UAV system: the pilot responsible for the operation and safety of the entire UAV system.
2. Classification of UAVs
UAVs can be classified according to the flight platform configuration, purpose, scale, activity radius, mission height and other methods.
1. Classification according to flight platform configuration:
Fixed-wing UAV, rotary-wing UAV, unmanned airship, umbrella-wing UAV, flapping-wing UAV, etc. .
2. Classification by purpose:
Drones can be divided into military drones and civilian drones. Military UAVs can be divided into reconnaissance UAVs, decoy UAVs, electronic countermeasures UAVs, communication relay UAVs, unmanned fighter aircraft, and target drones; civilian UAVs can be divided into patrol/surveillance UAVs. Agricultural drones, meteorological drones, exploration drones, surveying drones, etc.
3. Classification by scale (civil aviation regulations):
UAVs can be divided into micro-UAVs, light UAVs, small UAVs and large UAVs.
Micro drones refer to drones with an empty mass of less than or equal to 7kg.
A light UAV refers to a UAV with an empty mass greater than 7kg but less than or equal to 116kg. The Penguin is in full-horsepower level flight and the corrected airspeed is less than 200km/h (55n mile/h). The ceiling is 3000m for small fish.
Small UAVs refer to UAVs with an empty mass of less than or equal to 5700kg, excluding micro and light UAVs.
Large UAVs refer to UAVs with an empty mass greater than 5700kg.
4. Classification by activity radius:
UAVs can be divided into ultra-short-range UAVs, process UAVs, short-range UAVs, medium-range UAVs and Remote drone.
The activity radius of ultra-short-range drones is within 15km;
The activity radius of short-range drones is between 15~50km;
Short-range drones The activity radius of the UAV is between 50 and 200km;
The activity radius of the medium-range UAV is between 200 and 800km;
The activity radius of the long-range UAV is greater than 800km.
5. Classification by mission height:
The mission height of ultra-low-altitude UAV is generally between 0 and 100m;
The mission height of low-altitude UAV is general Between 100~1000m;
The mission height of medium-altitude UAV is generally between 1000~7000m;
The mission height of high-altitude UAV is generally between 7000~18000m;
Ultra-high altitude UAV mission altitudes are generally greater than 18,000m.
3. Development of UAVs
The birth of UAVs can be traced back to 1914. At that time, the First World War was in full swing. Two British generals, Cadell and Pichel, made a proposal to the British Military Aviation Society: develop a small aircraft that does not need to be piloted but controlled by radio. It can fly over a certain target area and drop bombs pre-installed on it.
As drone technology gradually matured, in the 1930s, the British government decided to develop an unmanned target drone to test the effectiveness of artillery on battleships in attacking targets. In January 1933, the Ferrer Kuntu UAV modified from the Ferrer seaplane successfully made a test flight. Afterwards, the United Kingdom developed an all-wood structure bi-wing unmanned target drone, named "De Havilland's Lantern Moth". Want to Die Between 1934 and 1943, the British government produced 420 such drones and renamed them "Queen Bee".
During the Cold War in the 1960s, the U.S. U-2 manned reconnaissance aircraft went to the Soviet reconnaissance missile base. It was shot down and the pilot was captured, which put American citizenship in a difficult situation. After the U.S. military switched to using spy satellites to engage in related activities, it was still unable to achieve the detection effect of manned reconnaissance aircraft, which triggered the idea of ??using drones for investigation. The early AQM-34 Firebee and Lockheed D-21 drones were mainly used for photographic reconnaissance. During the Vietnam War, the BQM-34 light UAV was further developed, and its functions added photographic reconnaissance, real-time imaging, electronic intelligence, electronic countermeasures, real-time communications, leaflet distribution, battlefield damage assessment, etc. In June 1982, during the famous Battle of the Bekaa Valley, drones such as the Scout and the Bulldog developed by Israel achieved outstanding results in collecting the firepower configuration and battlefield conditions in Syria, arousing the attention of various countries. shock. ;