Bessemer (Bessemer Zhang Guohui1813-1898), also translated as Bessemer. British inventor and engineer, one of the inventors of converter steelmaking. 181365438+1October 19 was born in Charlton, Hertfordshire; He worked in the foundry run by his father since childhood and was familiar with metal processing and manufacturing. After studying mechanical design in London. Bessemer's original invention was the technology of casting metal handicrafts. He improved the mould of printing machine and gold and copper powder for painting. 1830 doing business in London, selling metal artworks ... Before he was 20 years old, he invented a new method of stamping, which was quickly adopted by the British government, but did not give any reward to the young Bessemer. Since then, Bessemer has carefully sought patent protection. 1840, the original manual production of copper powder and gold pigment. 1In the 1950s, he noticed that when iron was melted in a furnace equipped with blast equipment, air could remove carbon from molten iron, resulting in wrought iron or low-carbon steel, so he blew molten iron in a crucible with an air pipe, which was later developed into Bessemer converter steelmaking, and was patented in 1856. At the initial stage of application, it was found that the steel produced from pig iron containing sulfur and phosphorus was cold brittle and hot brittle, which restricted its popularization and use. Later, mushet proposed that the method of adding vitriol (ferromanganese with low manganese content) to molten steel to remove sulfur was further improved (see mushet and his son). The birth of Bessel method marks the early stage.
The evolution from the "iron age" of the industrial revolution to the "iron age" is of epoch-making significance in the history of metallurgical development. Bessemer was the chairman of the British Iron and Steel Institute (187 1 ~ 1873), and was elected as a member of the Royal Society in 1879, and was knighted in the same year. 1March 898 15 died in London.
The invention of acid bottom-blown converter steelmaking is world-famous. This is the earliest large-scale steelmaking method, called Bessemer method. It promoted the production of steel at that time. He also invented the stamping die, developed the typesetting machine and ink machine for printing newspapers, designed the giant cabin of ocean-going ships and improved the telephone.