CNC, short for digital control, refers to a method that uses digital information to control mechanical movement and processing processes. There are two versions of CNC. NC (Numerical Control): represents the old version and the original CNC technology. CNC (Computerized Numerical Control): Computer numerical control technology, the preferred abbreviation of CNC. After the 1970s, computers gradually replaced hardware circuit components and were called computer numerical control systems. Generally, special computers were used and equipped with interface circuits to control the actions of multiple CNC equipment. Therefore, today's numerical control generally refers to CNC (computer numerical control).
Application fields:
1. Manufacturing industry
The machinery manufacturing industry is the earliest industry to apply CNC technology. It is responsible for providing advanced equipment for various industries in the national economy. important task. We should focus on the development and production of high-performance three-axis and five-axis high-speed vertical machining centers, five-axis machining centers, large-scale five-axis gantry milling, etc. for modern military equipment; used in the flexible processing production lines of engines, gearboxes, and crankshafts in the automotive industry. CNC machine tools and high-speed machining centers, as well as welding, assembly, painting robots, plate laser welding machines and laser cutting machines, etc.; high-speed five-coordinate machining centers for processing propellers, engines, generators and turbine blade parts in the aviation, shipbuilding and power generation industries , heavy-duty turning and milling compound machining center, etc.
2. Information industry
In the information industry, from computers to networks, mobile communications, telemetry, remote control and other equipment, manufacturing equipment based on ultra-precision technology and nanotechnology is required. , such as chip manufacturing wire bonding machines, wafer bonding machines and photolithography machines, etc. The control of these equipment requires the use of CNC technology.
3. Medical equipment industry
In the medical industry, many modern medical diagnosis and treatment equipment use CNC technology, such as CT diagnostic machines, whole-body knife treatment machines and vision-based Guided minimally invasive surgical robots, etc.
4. Military equipment
Many modern military equipment use servo motion control technology extensively, such as automatic aiming control of artillery, radar tracking control and missile automatic tracking control. .
5. Other industries
In the light industry, printing machinery, textile machinery, packaging machinery and woodworking machinery using multi-axis servo control (up to 50 motion axes) ; In the building materials industry, CNC waterjet cutting machines for stone processing; CNC glass engraving machines for glass processing; CNC sewing machines for Simmons processing and CNC embroidery machines for clothing processing, etc.
Advantages and Disadvantages:
(1) CNC machining has the following advantages:
1. It greatly reduces the number of tooling and does not require complex machining of parts with complex shapes. Work clothes. If you want to change the shape and size of parts, you only need to modify the part processing program, which is suitable for new product development and modification.
2. The processing quality is stable, the processing precision is high, the repeatability is high, and it adapts to the processing requirements of aircraft.
3. The production efficiency is high in the case of multi-variety and small batch production, which can reduce the time of production preparation, machine tool adjustment and process inspection, and the cutting time is reduced due to the use of the optimal cutting amount.
4. It can process complex surfaces that are difficult to process with conventional methods, and can even process some processing parts that cannot be observed.
(2) The disadvantage of CNC machining is that machine tool equipment is expensive and requires maintenance personnel to have a high level of expertise.