chemical equation of industrial ammonia production: n? (g)+3H? (g)=2NH? (g) (reversible reaction).
most of ammonia production is made by synthesis of nitrogen and hydrogen under high pressure, high temperature and the presence of catalyst. Nitrogen mainly comes from air; Hydrogen mainly comes from synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide (pure hydrogen also comes from electrolysis of water). The mixed gas consisting of nitrogen and hydrogen is the synthetic ammonia feed gas.
discovery process of synthetic ammonia:
German chemist F.Haber (1868-1934) began to study the direct synthesis of synthetic ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen in 192. Patented in 198, that is, the "recycling method".
in order to solve the problem of low conversion rate of hydrogen and nitrogen synthesis during the reaction, ammonia products were separated from the gas after the synthesis reaction, and unreacted gas and fresh hydrogen and nitrogen were mixed to participate in the synthesis reaction again.
the mechanism of ammonia synthesis reaction is that nitrogen molecules are chemically adsorbed on the surface of iron catalyst, which weakens the chemical bonds between nitrogen atoms. Then the chemisorbed hydrogen atoms continuously interact with nitrogen molecules on the surface, and gradually generate —NH, —NH? And NH? Finally, ammonia molecules desorb on the surface to generate gaseous ammonia.
refer to Baidu encyclopedia-ammonia for the above contents.