What factors lead to difficulties in transformation?
First, social factors.
In the first 20 years of reform and opening-up, China's high technology basically took the innovative road of introduction, digestion and absorption, constantly improved its own scientific and technological level, and gradually developed new products with independent intellectual property rights. Therefore, reviewing the transformation of patent achievements in the first 20 years, not only the transformation rate is not high, but also from the perspective of patent achievements, there are many non-core technology patents, and the patent quality still needs to be improved. This is closely related to the fact that China is still a developing country, which is consistent with China's status as a developing country, because 80% of the world's cutting-edge technologies are mastered by developed countries. Therefore, in the process of "acquiring technology", China is also slowly developing new technologies.
Second, ideological factors.
Many people think that patent applications must be transformed. But not every patent is actually for conversion. Many domestic enterprises or individuals apply for patents in order to apply for patents, most of which are personal applications, and there are few strategic arrangements and planning considerations. Mature patent applications will have many strategic considerations, some of which are not to protect technology, but to prevent others from suing for infringement. Some patents are filed in combination, and their purpose is only to protect a core patented technology. Then the patent applied for is to prevent others from suing for infringement, and "holding the moon star" is not applied for implementation, so these patents do not need to be transformed.
Third, scientific factors.
When many people apply for patents, they violate the most basic principles and motives of applying for patents. For example, the invention of perpetual motion machine, which violates the laws of nature, attracted countless heroes to bend over. Huang Wei was captured in Huaihai Campaign, and became fascinated with the invention of perpetual motion machine after the amnesty. Nanjie village also invested a lot of money to invent perpetual motion machines. Theoretically, the invention of perpetual motion machine can't be patented. If you get a patent by luck for other reasons, then such a patent can't be transformed. Therefore, applying for a patent violates natural science, let alone transformation.
Fourth, market factors.
A patentee owns a utility model patent, which is to add a correction fluid device to a ballpoint pen. He firmly believes that his patented technology has great market prospects and high value. In fact, the same patent can be found in many patent databases. At present, the usage rate of ballpoint pens is very low, and such patents have no conversion value. Technicians are intoxicated with the novelty of technological innovation, whether it is suitable for consumers or not, whether the price is suitable for market sales or not, and its practicability is extremely poor or does not meet the market requirements. This patented technology is inevitably difficult to transform because it has no market value.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) risk factors
There are also various patents, such as non-service inventions. Most of the ideas invented by these inventors come from life practice, and their inventions have strong practicability. This kind of patent can be directly used in real life, and the transformation is relatively easy. Some service inventions directly aim at improving production technology and existing products, and such patents are also easy to transform. The forward-looking inventions of scientific research institutes, such as the Palo Alto Research Center of Xerox, invented many very advanced technologies, but they could not find the market direction and could not be transformed. In China, 1958 put forward wireless communication technology (the predecessor of mobile phone communication technology), but our mobile phone related technologies are all imported. The hi-tech of Palo Alto Research Center has hatched famous companies such as Apple, Microsoft and 3com, but the research center has not been transformed because of its advanced technology. What kind of products can this technology produce? Can this technology directly produce products? From technology to products, how much technical support is needed is unknown and uncertain, so the risk of transformation is great from a commercial point of view.
Editor's note: "A clever woman can't cook without rice". At the initial stage of the implementation of the patent system, it is inevitable to increase the number of applications for patent achievements first. Quantity is the basis of quality, but today, the number of patent applications has exceeded one million. Improving the quality and conversion rate of patent achievements has become an important task for us. What measures can improve the patent conversion rate? It is difficult to establish a trading platform to solve the problem of patent transformation. The government has done a lot of work. Because of this, property rights trading centers or trading platforms are being established everywhere. The purpose is to build a bridge between the patentee and the patent user, so that those who need a patent can find the patentee and the buyer of the patentee's patent. Yike Com is one of them, a recognized intellectual property service organization, focusing on patents;
VI. Establishment of auxiliary institutions
A few years ago, many individual inventors started their own research and development. For example, it is a good idea that many migrant workers use patented technology to create new industries. But buying a patent is not as simple as buying machinery and equipment. How much is this patent worth? Neither the buyer nor the seller knows. In practice, the patentee always thinks that the patent can be sold for at least several million yuan, and of course no one buys this price. Then an independent evaluation agency should be introduced to evaluate the value of patents. At present, the evaluation of intellectual property value is still relatively blank. Buying a patent also needs to know the technical content of the patent. Those technologies are suitable for migrant workers to buy and use, and the investment is relatively small, and the production process is quite simple. Of course, migrant workers can't evaluate these, so they need a group of people who know the technology to select these patented technologies. There are a lot of legal problems in the process of patent transformation, which need professional lawyers to check. Without these professional auxiliary organizations, the platform will not work, and professional intermediary service organizations must be introduced into the transformation platform.
Seven, guide the inventor
Many patents are destined to be difficult to transform because of their poor practicality and no market value. Poor practicality and low market value do not mean that there is no technical content. This kind of patent can be transformed to make it have market value.
Eight, the introduction of technology venture capital
Venture capital is to give certain financial support in the critical period of the company's growth, and then get several times and dozens of times of returns from the stock market after the company goes public. In fact, venture capital can also start directly from technology investment, which is risky and takes a long time, but the return is higher and the investment is little. Maybe only a few million yuan, or even less. China has a successful case of venture capital in science and technology. Tsinghua Tongfang invested in a technology of a research group to be dissolved in Tsinghua University. At present, the products produced by this technology account for 70% of the global share, and the annual profit is as high as several hundred million. This product can be seen in airports and stations. It is a machine for checking packages. This is Tongfang Weishi. At present, China's policy supports the establishment of companies directly by patents, and some high-tech development zones give certain incubation funds, which is the first angel fund for the government to invest in science and technology. It is not enough to rely solely on the power of the government. Private capital should be encouraged to enter science and technology venture capital, so that the whole science and technology incubation market can play a role.
Conclusion: The difficulty of patent transformation is a worldwide problem. To solve this problem, we need a rational mind to analyze, find out the reasons and solve it pertinently.