Military operational map of Song and Yuan Dynasties
Wen Tianxiang, who became the top scholar, was unwilling to compromise with the treacherous court official, and his official career was not smooth. Wen Tianxiang is a court hawk. He wrote many times to kill Dong who proposed to move the capital, but he didn't get a response. Later, the powerful minister Jia Sidao threatened the emperor with returning home. Wen Tianxiang drafted a patent satirizing Jia Shidao and was ordered to retire at the age of 37. Although Wen Tianxiang's integrity has brought fetters to his official career, it has not changed. Integrity can be seen.
In fact, Wen Tianxiang is not only an upright courtier, but also a loving father. Wen Tianxiang spent almost the rest of his life in the army, and his family fought in the north and south with the army. One year, Wen Tianxiang was stationed in Lijiang Pu. There was an epidemic in the army at that time, and hundreds of soldiers died. At this time, his mother died with her only son. Wen Tianxiang's grief can be imagined. After his arrest, Wen Tianxiang was imprisoned in Dadu for three years, and always refused the temptation of the Yuan Dynasty. In order to force him to submit, the ruler of the Yuan Dynasty made his wife and the other two women, six niang and Huan Niang, slaves. In a letter to his sister, Wen Tianxiang said, "When you receive letters from six women, you will have a stomachache. Who has no love for his wife and children? But water under the bridge. what can I do? Dad can't control it. Tears choked and choked. " As a father, seeing his daughter suffer, it is conceivable that there is nothing he can do. But Wen Tianxiang didn't want to give in because of his family. Even after Yuan Shizu died, he was very sad. He sighed, "good people can't be used by us. It's a pity to kill him honestly!
Is Wen Tianxiang a national hero?
As we all know, Wen Tianxiang was an important figure in the anti-Yuan movement in the late Southern Song Dynasty. So, is Wen Tianxiang a national hero? To understand this problem, we must first understand what a national hero is. Heroes are divided into broad sense and narrow sense. Broadly speaking, a national hero refers to a person who has made extraordinary contributions to his own nation. They either make the country profitable with an invention or win glory for the country with a specialty. For example, Qian Xuesen is also a national hero.
Official portrait of Wen Tianxiang
National hero in a narrow sense is what people often say. It refers to those who have made contributions in the struggle against aggression and oppression. They are fearless of violence, brave in sacrifice and persevering, which is enough to be a model for the nation. This conclusion is not limited by time and place, regardless of success or failure and identity. As long as the above conditions are met, they are considered as national heroes.
However, in recent years, with the rise of various ideological trends, not only Wen Tianxiang, but also historical figures such as Yue Fei and Wei Qing have caused some controversy. Some people insist on the traditional view that Wen Tianxiang and others are national heroes who resist foreign aggression, while others hold different views. They believe that 56 ethnic groups are now a family, and it is an act of undermining national unity to classify them as national heroes. But the latter ignores an important issue, that is, to look at historical figures from a historical perspective. If the orientation of historical figures can be changed at will, then history is no different from children dressed by others.
In the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Wen Tianxiang was fearless in times of crisis, and learned from the King of Qin in form and meaning. He was fearless of violence and indomitable, leaving a precious spiritual wealth for the people of China. Assuming that modern China was invaded and oppressed, people like Wen Tianxiang were just the people needed by the country and the nation. So Wen Tianxiang was, is and will be a national hero.
Wen Tianxiang's heroic deeds
Together with Wen Tianxiang, Zhang Shijie and Lu Xiufu, they were outstanding figures in the late Song Dynasty.
Unlike Wen Tianxiang, the top scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the "weak scholar" in the impression of ordinary people, Wen Tianxiang worshipped loyal ministers since childhood, and once said that it was a waste of people to get loyal ministers in posthumous title. After Wen Tianxiang became an official, he didn't want to collude with Jia Sidao, Dong and others, so he was excluded. However, Wen Tianxiang did not lose heart. The country recruited people, and he returned to North Korea.
At that time, in the Southern Song Dynasty, the Yuan Army in the north approached Jiangnan step by step. Wen Tianxiang led the insurgents to the southeast, and it was extremely difficult between offensive and defensive. In A.D. 1276, Empress Xie of the Southern Song Dynasty surrendered to the Yuan Dynasty with her little emperor, and Wen Tianxiang was appointed as the right prime minister to represent the Song Dynasty, only to be detained by the prime minister of the Yuan Dynasty. Wen Tianxiang's squire Du Hu and more than ten people ran around all night just to muddle through and continue to organize the struggle against Yuan. Soon, Wen Tianxiang was betrayed by a traitor and fell into the hands of General Zhang Hongfan of the Yuan Dynasty.
Unwilling to be a prisoner, Wen Tianxiang committed suicide by swallowing borneol on the way to see Zhang Hongfan in the north, but failed. Seeing Zhang Hongfan, Wen Tianxiang refused to salute the enemy generals. Zhang Hongfan asked him to write a letter to Zhang Shijie, another minister in the Southern Song Dynasty, urging him to submit. Although Wen Tianxiang knew that Zhang Shijie would not surrender, he didn't want to write. He just wrote a poem for work. This is the famous "crossing the ocean". The last two sentences of the poem: "No one has died since ancient times, and the heart follows history." This poem fully demonstrates Wen Tianxiang's determination to sacrifice his life for righteousness. Seeing that surrender was hopeless, Zhang Hongfan escorted Wen Tianxiang to the capital of the Yuan Dynasty. Wen Tianxiang spent three years in Dadu, indifferent to the threats and inducements of the Yuan Dynasty, and was finally killed at Caishikou.
Wen Tianxiang is a scholar, but he persists in resisting the enemy. He took many risks, but he didn't change his mind. He is a model of "no force can bend". Even the History of the Song Dynasty compiled by Yuan people praised: Who said that the imperial examination could not produce a gentleman?
Wen Tianxiang's patriotic poems
Speaking of Wen Tianxiang's patriotic poems, it is estimated that no one knows that "history is full of benevolence and righteousness, who has not died since ancient times". This poem fully shows Wen Tianxiang's firmness and integrity, and is the representative of Wen Tianxiang's patriotic poems.
wen tianxiang
/kloc-in 0/79, Wen Tianxiang was captured by the Yuan Army and wrote a well-known poem "Crossing Ding Yang" when he was in Lingdingyang. The first half of this poem fully expresses the poet's loneliness and grief at that time, and the last sentence is a spiritual portrayal of the poet's sacrifice for his country and his ruin. Another famous poem by Wen Tianxiang is Song of Benevolence and Righteousness. This poem was written by Wen Tianxiang during his imprisonment. The first two sentences of the poem, "The righteousness of heaven and earth is mixed with manifold", are a portrayal of Wen Tianxiang's righteousness. This poem is powerful, hit the floor, and it is awe-inspiring to read, as if there are thousands of lofty sentiments in my heart.
Besides Song Zhengqi, the poems in Wen Tianxiang's Yangtze River can also be called Wen Tianxiang's loyalty to the monarch and patriotism. "Stay in the North Sea for a few days and come back from the Yangtze River. I have a needle stone in my heart, which does not mean that the South is unwilling to rest. " The last two sentences of the poem compare the poet himself to a magnetic needle, "which doesn't mean that the South is unwilling to rest". The South is the place where the Southern Song Dynasty is located, which expresses the author's heartfelt patriotism for his old country.
Wen Tianxiang is the top scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty, and his literary accomplishment is self-evident, and the poet's poems are often a portrayal of his inner world. Wen Tianxiang resisted Yuan for most of his life and suffered from conservative vagrancy in the army. Naturally, his poems often have feelings of wandering life. What is commendable is that Wen Tianxiang's poems are not limited to hurting spring, mourning autumn and feeling sorry for himself, but always care about his home country. Therefore, he left a wide range of patriotic poems.