Metronidazole, metronidazole
Alias Metronidazole, Metronidazole, Metronidazole, Metronidazole, Metronidazole, Metronidazole.
White or yellow crystals or crystalline powder; Slightly smelly, slightly bitter and slightly salty. Slightly soluble in ethanol, slightly soluble in water or chloroform, and extremely slightly soluble in ether. The melting point is 159℃- 163℃.
Chemical name: 2- methyl -5- nitroimidazole-1- ethanol pinyin name: methyl -5- nitroimidazole-1- ethyl CAS No.443-48- 1.
Structural formula molecular formula C6H9N3O3 molecular weight 17 1. 16.
Function and use 1. It has broad-spectrum anti-anaerobic bacteria and antigenic worms, and is mainly used to prevent and treat infections caused by anaerobic bacteria in clinic, such as infection of pus in respiratory tract, digestive tract, abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity, infection of skin and soft tissues, bones and joints, meningitis caused by endocarditis, septicemia and bacteroides fragilis, and is also widely used to prevent and treat oral anaerobic bacteria infections.
2. The nitro group of this product is reduced to amino group in anaerobic environment to show the anti-anaerobic effect, but it is ineffective for aerobic bacteria or facultative aerobic bacteria. It has good antibacterial effect on the following anaerobic bacteria: ① Bacteroides, including Bacteroides fragilis; ② Fusobacterium; ② Clostridium, including tetanus; ④ Some eubacteria; (5) digestive cocci and streptococci.
3. Good oral absorption (> 80%). After oral administration of 250 mg or 500 mg, the blood concentration of 65438 0 ~ 2 hours reached bee, which was 6 μ g/ml and 65438 0.2 μ g/ml respectively. Intravenous drip of this product 15mg/kg, and then 7.5mg/kg every 6 hours. When the plasma concentration reaches a steady state, the peak concentration is 25μg/ml, and the valley concentration can reach 18μg/ml.
4. This product is widely distributed in the body, which can enter saliva, milk, pus of liver abscess and cerebrospinal fluid (the concentration of cerebrospinal fluid in normal people can reach 50% of blood). In vivo, 20% drugs are not metabolized by side chain oxidation or combined with glucuronic acid. Its metabolites also have certain activity. Metronidazole and its metabolites are excreted in urine (60%-80% of the total) and feces (6%- 15%). T 1/2 is about 8 hours.
5. It is mainly used for treating or preventing systemic or local infections caused by the above anaerobic bacteria, such as anaerobic bacterial infections in abdominal cavity, digestive tract, female reproductive system, lower respiratory tract, skin and soft tissues, bones and joints, and is also effective for septicemia, endocarditis, meningeal infection and colitis caused by antibiotics. The treatment of tetanus is usually combined with tetanus antitoxin (TAT). It can also be used for oral anaerobic infection.
Dosage and usage: 1. Adult oral administration, 0.2g ~ 0.4g/ time, 0.6g ~ 1.28g/ day; 2. Mouth gargle, metronidazole gargle can be used, and the main component contains metronidazole 0.1%; 3. Intravenous drip every time 15mg/kg, with a maintenance amount of 7.5mg/kg, once every 6-8 hours. (500mg/ time, 20-30 minutes, every 8 hours 1 time, each time 1 hour. A course of treatment lasts for 7 days. )
Tetanus treatment: 2.5g/ day, orally or by drip.
Preventive medication: take the medicine one day before abdominal or gynecological surgery, 0.25g ~ 0.58g/ time, 3 times/day.
The adverse reactions of 1 were mild, including nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, occasional urticaria, itching, numbness of limbs and paresthesia.
If you find symptoms of central nervous system poisoning such as headache, neurasthenia and dyskinesia, you should stop taking the medicine immediately.
All mental patients, pregnant women and lactating women are prohibited.
4 people with liver dysfunction should not use it.
Precautions 1. After liver metabolism, drugs with insufficient liver function can accumulate and should be reduced as appropriate;
2. During the application period, the intake of sodium salt should be reduced, such as excessive salt can cause sodium retention;
3. It can induce leucococcosis, and can be combined with anti-candida drugs when necessary;
It can cause peripheral neuritis and spasm. In this case, stop (or reduce) the drug;
5. It can cause hemogram changes and leukopenia, which should be paid attention to;
6. Pregnant women are prohibited.
Preparation tablets: o.2g per tablet; Injection: 50mg (10ml),100mg (20ml), 500mg (100ml),1.25mg (250ml), 500mg (250ml).
Metronidazole glucose injection: 250ml, containing metronidazole 0.5g,12.5 g; Glucose. Suppository: 0.5g per capsule or 1g, administered rectally, 0.5g per time,1.5g per day.