What are the difficulties in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements?
First, the effective supply of universities and scientific research institutions is insufficient. Universities and scientific research institutions are the main sources of scientific and technological achievements, but most of the scientific research achievements of universities are based on scientific research interests or frontier hotspots, and there is no real demand-oriented and market-oriented research and development model. This leads to the fact that the R&D activities of researchers may be inconsistent with the market demand at the project establishment stage, resulting in a low proportion of achievements with transformation value.
Because there is no need to experience market competition, the scientific research activities of colleges and universities do not have enough motivation to be close to the market, and most scientific and technological achievements are often misplaced and out of touch with the actual needs of enterprises. As a result, the scientific and technological achievements of colleges and universities seem to be rich, but there are few achievements that can really be transformed into real productive forces and become effective supply.
Under the current assessment system, the phenomenon of "emphasizing research and development, neglecting transformation" and "emphasizing papers and neglecting patents" still exists, which leads researchers to unilaterally pursue the number of published papers and have no strong market awareness and enthusiasm for transforming scientific and technological achievements. A large number of scientific and technological achievements have just become the symbol of the completion of the subject or project and have been shelved, and have not been applied and transformed into real productive forces through transfer, licensing, technology pricing and shareholding, and establishment of enterprises.
Two. Now we can't simply talk about transformation, we should face the market. Enterprises should play a main role in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and form a channel for scientific and technological achievements from research and development to marketization. However, at present, more than 90% enterprises have insufficient motivation to develop and transform scientific and technological achievements. State-owned enterprises are big but not strong, foreign enterprises are strong but not strong, private enterprises are long but not big, and most small and medium-sized enterprises are at the low end of the industry, so they can't do anything about the transformation of results.
The main body of enterprises in China is small and medium-sized enterprises, with the largest number.
It needs technical support, but generally speaking, it lacks the conditions for technological innovation and transformation. In some central and western provinces, more than 90% of enterprises have no R&D activities, and their ability to purchase patents and transform production lines is weak, so it is difficult to run enterprises by scientific and technological progress. There are many technical talents in state-owned enterprises, and the R&D conditions are good. Because of the high risk and slow effect of scientific and technological investment, scientific research is generally only aimed at the existing production demand, and some scientific and technological achievements with high scientific and technological content and great market potential that take some time to see results are difficult to transform and popularize in enterprises.