1. What is a scientific gizmo
When the word "invention" is mentioned, some students get scared. How difficult it is! In fact, it is not mysterious to create inventions. There are many inventions of primary and secondary school students that have won prizes nationwide and even internationally!
scientific gizmos refer to those things or methods that teenagers find unsatisfactory and inconvenient to use in their daily study, life and work, and they use their learned scientific knowledge to design and manufacture new items or methods that are more satisfactory and convenient at present. Compared with "big inventions", they have narrower choices, simpler problems to solve and easier materials to find. Yes. An excellent gizmo should have "three characteristics", namely novelty, creativity and practicality.
1. Novelty. Novelty means that before you finish this gizmo, there has not been a product with the same content or technology. That is to say, you can't buy the same product in the shops on the street, nor have you seen or heard the introduction in books, magazines, radio and television; The same invention has never been applied to the Patent Office by others and recorded in the patent application documents, nor has it been declared by others to participate in invention-creation competitions at all levels. However, if you add new functions, new methods and new uses to other inventions, or skillfully combine several original items to form a new individual and add new functions, it is also novel.
Hospitality shoes
One day, When Wei Qiang and his father visited a friend's house, he was stumped as soon as he entered the door: the host's house was carpeted, so it was impolite not to change shoes. Change shoes, and his feet smelled bad. After returning home, Wei Qiang thought, if there were a kind of slippers, it would be great if you could wear them without taking off your shoes! Later, he was inspired by the velcro on his traveling shoes: attach velcro to the slipper, put it on when you press it, and pull it away when you lift it. Can't you adjust it if you want to be fat or thin? So he found a pair of old slippers, cut off the shoe loops, sewed on the velcro, and made them into "hospitality shoes". This little invention won the third prize in the 4th National Youth Invention Competition. < P > Actually, Wei Qiang's little invention only transplanted velcro, an invention of others, to slippers, but it gave slippers new functions and velcro new uses. This small invention also has novelty.
2. Creativity means that the small invention has outstanding substantive characteristics and remarkable progress compared with the existing technology of the original similar products.
Convenient soap box
When ordinary soap is boxed with water, the soap will be sticky, not easy to take out, and the life of the soap will be short. Ping Fan, a student in Tianjin, invented the convenient soap box by using the lever principle. Open the soap box, Soap will stand up. Compared with similar products, it is more advanced in technology and won the first prize in the first national youth invention competition.
3. Practicality. Practicality means that the invention can be made or used and produce positive effects. Small inventions should be made into real objects, not just ideas or design drawings, but also be able to solve practical problems in production and life.
Insect-proof tree skirt
Linxi. However, jujube bug does great harm to jujube. Liu Yan carefully observed the growth and activity law of jujube bug, and found that the female insect had to climb the trunk to mate with the male insect and then destroy the leaves and fruits. He thought of a way to put a hard plastic sheet around the half waist of the trunk and apply insecticide ointment on the inner layer, so that the female insect could not get on the tree. This simple and ingenious insect-proof tree skirt was very practical and was welcomed by jujube farmers and won the sixth national youth invention competition. The completion of a small invention is not as simple as "frown, plan comes to mind", it has to go through the steps of topic selection, conceptual design, production, practical test and improvement, success, etc.
The first step in making a small invention is to determine the object of the invention and consider what problems to study, which is the topic selection. For teenagers, they should start from their familiar life reality. Look for the theme of invention in school, family and the surrounding life circle. For example, when you encounter some difficulties in your study and life, you will definitely say, "If only there were something." This thing you want to invent can be used as the object of invention. However, when choosing a topic, students must combine their own knowledge level and design and production ability, and don't dream of impossible inventions.
After choosing a genre, Then there is the conceptual design. That is to say, according to the basic scientific principles and experience, the shape, structure, method and implementation scheme of the selected subject are designed. When conceiving, as many sets of design schemes as possible are thought out, and then the best structural scheme is selected according to the feasibility and practicability. The scheme should be simple, ingenious and easy to use, with the least shortcomings.
After the conception is mature, the production can be started. When making, the existing conditions should be used as much as possible. Make exquisite works with little or no money. For some technical problems, you can ask teachers and parents, and sometimes you can find some relevant manufacturers to help make some parts.
After the gizmo sample is completed, it needs to be tested and improved in practice. That is, take the work for a period of time, find problems in use, and solicit opinions from parents, teachers and classmates extensively. See if there are any improvements or unreasonable places. Then, improve the small inventions by combining opinions from all sides. Almost every excellent small invention is "modified".
At this point, you will enjoy the joy of success. Next, you can declare to participate in the youth invention competition at all levels, apply for patents or submit articles to newspapers. The application documents for participating in the competition mainly include the declaration form, project description and certification materials provided by the organizing committee, among which the project description How does this invention show novelty, creativity and practicality? What is your creative contribution? Suggestions and ideas to further improve the invention. Attach appearance drawings (preferably black and white photos), structural drawings, schematic diagrams and other necessary chart materials. All small invention projects involving medical and health care products, new varieties of animals and plants and plants protected by the state must also provide certification materials from relevant departments.
Scientific small inventions are something that everyone can do and an interesting practical activity. As long as everyone carefully observes things around them and is good at finding problems, Ask questions, boldly explore, practice, and dare to break through the shackles of rules and regulations, and you will be innovative and invented.
2. Ideas for selecting topics for small inventions
1. List shortcomings and find topics
Learn to choose topics for inventions first.
An important method is to list things that are not suitable, convenient and desirable in your study and life. Then look for ways to overcome the shortcomings. This method of proposing reform ideas based on the shortcomings of existing articles is called the shortcomings enumeration method, and it is also a simple and effective method to choose the topic of small inventions.
Four-purpose anti-electric shock socket
There are almost every household, but it is easy to get an electric shock, which is particularly dangerous for children, and it is very troublesome to plug in and unplug it. Xu Chen, a student in Shanghai, dissected several traditional power sockets and designed a "Four-purpose anti-electric shock socket" This socket is equipped with two insulated valves in the jacks of ordinary sockets. Only when the plugs are inserted into both jacks at the same time can the power be turned on. In this way, when children do not pay attention to inserting small hands or nails into any jack, they will not get an electric shock because there are two doors blocking it. This small invention won the first prize in the second national youth scientific invention competition.
Improvement of air pressure water bottle
Is there any disadvantage in air pressure water bottle? Yes! Because its outlet pipe is directly inserted into the bottom of the bottle, the sediment at the bottom often makes the pressed water turbid every time. Zhang Xueke, a student from Beijing, improved the barometric water bottle for this shortcoming. He connected a rubber tube to the suction nozzle and added a plastic floating ball to the nozzle. Because the ball always floats on the water, Therefore, the sediment at the bottom of the barometric water bottle will not be sucked out from the straw. The invention won the third prize in the Second National Youth Invention Competition.
In fact, listing the shortcomings of articles is to find problems, and the invention is to solve existing problems. Therefore, every time we find a shortcoming and ask a question, we often find a topic of invention.
So, how to study and find the shortcomings?
On the other hand, the same subject matter can be composed of different inventions with different design schemes. Take the pen for example, it has many shortcomings, such as the cap is easy to fall off or lose, the nib is easy to be blocked, the round pen is easy to slide off the table and damage the nib, and it is invisible when writing in the field at night due to power failure ... When you list as many shortcomings of an item as possible, choose one or some shortcomings as the research object according to your ability. Determine the topic of small inventions.
inflatable solar cookers
can be very attractive to people, but the current solar cookers are expensive, complicated in technology, heavy (about 5kg), and inconvenient to carry when working in the field and traveling. On the basis of investigation and research, Lian Xin and other students in Shanghai have made clear the main direction: simplifying the manufacturing process of solar cookers, reducing the weight, reducing the material consumption and reducing the cost. To get the maximum power, they first bonded the edges of two circular plastic films, inflated them into a paraboloid, and then stuck vacuum aluminized polyester self-adhesive sheets on the reflective surface. Inflated inward with a pump changed the gas pressure inside. With the amount of inflation, the upper transparent film bulged upward and the reflective surface was concave downward, which can achieve the purpose of automatically converging and reflecting light. This "baseless inflatable solar cooker" weighs only 4 kilograms, and is easy to assemble and disassemble and carry. Won the first prize in the Third National Youth Scientific Invention and Creation Competition.
This invention is actually the result of various transplants: they transplanted the technology of inflatable toys, the self-adhesive stickers of daily commodity trademarks and the parabolic structure like convex lens to the new solar cooker, and transplanted the knowledge of optics and hydrodynamics in textbooks to the design of the solar cooker, thus successfully completing the small invention.
Candle lamp
Liu Guohong, a student from Jianli Middle School in Hubei Province, first considered fixing the candle body and preventing wind. He put the candle in an iron cylinder and covered it with a glass cover. He thought of the fixing method of bayonet bulb, borrowed it from the candle lamp, and installed a spring to keep the candle flame in the best central position of the lamp cover.
How to make the candle not shed tears? To solve this problem, it is necessary to continuously reduce the temperature at the top of the candle, so that the heat can be conducted and dissipated around. There are metal fins in front of the engine of the car. Can we also learn from the candle lamp? He drilled a big hole in the metal box of moisturizing balsam, cut the cut heat sink into the shape of a fan, punched the same big hole in the center, and welded the cut heat sink to the box (the big holes should be aligned).
How to control the brightness of the candle flame? Westbank > Inspired by the air valve of the gas stove, he used the inner and outer sleeves with louvers to trap together (the inner ring used the iron box under the heat sink and the outer ring used a plastic ring made separately), and controlled the air flow by turning the valve, thus realizing the desire of adjusting the brightness of the candle flame. This invention can be said to be a 2-step "grafting" synthesis, with the lampshade coming from kerosene lamps, the fixing method coming from bayonet bulbs and the heat sink coming from automobiles. Transplanting is a very meaningful idea of invention, and students can make quite good inventions if they master it well.
The key to using transplanting is to broaden their knowledge, understand some new technologies, and often analyze the principles and functions of some objects or their structures. In this way, there are more information available for transplantation in your brain, and you can use it at your fingertips when you make small inventions.