What's the use of Huawei winning 5g

Not long ago, the Polar code scheme mainly promoted by China Huawei Company became the eMBB scene coding scheme of 5G control channel. As soon as the news came out, it exploded on the Internet, and some media even described the victory as "Huawei crushed Qualcomm and won the 5G era". So, are media reports worthy of the name? In addition to coding, what are the key technologies of 5G? ▲ What exactly is 5 G communication? As the name implies, it is the fifth generation communication technology. 3GPP defines three scenarios of 5G: Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), which can provide users with a user experience rate of 1 Gbps and a peak rate of 10 Gbps as planned in densely populated areas, and can achieve a traffic density of tens of Tbps per square kilometer in traffic hotspots. Mass Machine Type Communication (mMTC) can not only connect all medical instruments, household appliances and handheld communication terminals together, but also be applied to smart cities, environmental monitoring, intelligent agriculture, forest fire prevention and other application scenarios aiming at sensing and data collection, providing support for more than 1000 billion network connections. Low latency and high reliability communication (uRLLC, ultra-reliable &; Low latency communication), mainly for intelligent unmanned driving, industrial automation and other services that need low latency and high reliability connection, can provide users with millisecond end-to-end delay close to 100% and service reliability guarantee. It can be seen that compared with 4G communication, 5G communication can provide a wider range of signals, faster Internet access and higher traffic density. At the same time, it will also penetrate into the Internet of Things to realize the deep integration of smart cities, environmental monitoring, intelligent agriculture, industrial automation, medical instruments, driverless, household appliances and handheld communication terminals, in other words, the Internet of Everything. What are the key technologies of 5G communication? Some media regard China China as the main driving force to beat American LDPC and French Turbo2.0 in the channel control eMBB scene. It is believed that Huawei has mastered the core patent of 5G, which is described as "Huawei crushed Qualcomm and won the 5G era". But this description is debatable. The eMBB scene coding scheme in this competition between Qualcomm and Huawei cannot be the core patent itself. The core patent consists of several systems. Generally speaking, the physical layer is considered as the core key technology, including coding. On the one hand, coding can transmit signals, and at the same time, coding technology can also increase anti-interference ability. Turbo2.0, Polar code and LDPC are coding schemes jointly promoted by France, China and the United States. The other is multiple access. Multiple access technology refers to the technology to solve the problem that multiple users communicate with the base station at the same time and how to share resources. The first generation communication uses FDMA technology, the second generation communication uses TDMA technology, the third generation communication uses CDMA technology and the fourth generation communication uses OFDMA technology. In the 5G era, multiple access is a key contention point. The popular view now is NOMA. However, Yang Xuezhi, the inventor of soft frequency reuse, the fundamental technology of 4G, recently wrote that "NOMA is just a misunderstanding", arguing that NOMA may not win the 5G era, and there are still some variables. Another key technology is multi-antenna. Multi-antenna is a technology to increase capacity, which can theoretically increase the capacity many times. Simply put, it is to increase the number of antennas on the basis of the existing multi-antennas, and even configure dozens or even hundreds of antennas to support dozens of independent spatial data streams, thus greatly improving the spectrum efficiency of the user system. The most popular technology now is MIMO technology. Large-scale MIMO technology can not only reduce transmission power and intra-cell and inter-cell interference without increasing spectrum resources, but also improve spectrum efficiency and power efficiency by an order of magnitude on the basis of 4G. In addition, radio frequency modulation and demodulation technology is also a key technology. ▲ Why do you say that "Huawei crushed Qualcomm and won the 5G era" is not worthy of the name? The so-called core patent refers to the patented technology that can carry out basic innovation in the physical layer and master the right to speak. The so-called right to speak means that once technology is commercialized, it will have the technical strength of the lion's mouth. For example, in the 3G era, Qualcomm holds two core patents and two thousand peripheral patents on soft switching and power control, and has the technical capital of "Qualcomm tax" levied by global communication companies such as Ericsson, Huawei, Nokia and ZTE. If Huawei only relies on a Polar code, it cannot form a core patent, and the Polar code is not original by Huawei. LDPC was initiated by Qualcomm, USA, and put forward by Gallagher, an international information expert, about 50 years ago. After more than 50 years of development and improvement, the technology has been very mature. Although some concepts can no longer be called advanced because of their introduction, they are still an excellent technology after many improvements and expansions. Turbo2.0 introduced by France is the extension and development of Turbo. Turbo code is one of the codes used in the 4G era, and it is also very mature in technology. China's polar code was first proposed by Professor Eldar Arikan (Gallagher's student) in 2008. Polar code has the advantage of strong error correction ability. It is the only channel coding method known in the world that can strictly prove that it can achieve channel capacity. It is of great significance to the standardized management of high-bandwidth networks, and has achieved the same or even better performance as Turbo codes and LDPC codes in some application scenarios. But the disadvantage is also obvious, that is, the birth time is too short and the technology is not mature enough. This time, Polar code overcomes LDPC code and Turbo code, and obtains the short code control channel of eMBB scene. As mentioned above, 3GPP has defined three scenarios of 5G: Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Mass Internet of Things Communication (mMTC) and Low Delay and High Reliability Communication (uRLLC). However, Huawei only obtained the control channel of short codes in eMBB scene, while Qualcomm captured the coding channels of long codes and short codes in eMBB scene. The coding schemes of mMTC and URLLC scenes are still pending. Aside from the key technologies mentioned before, such as multiple access technology, multi-antenna technology, radio frequency modulation and demodulation technology, just because Huawei obtained the control channel of short code in eMBB scene, some media claimed that "Huawei crushed Qualcomm and won the 5G era", which was not in line with the objective reality and was also suspected of obliterating it. Admittedly, this time, it occupies a place in the formulation of coding standards, which reflects the victory and strength of China's communication industry, but we should not get carried away and define local victory as "winning the 5G era". Content from: Popular Science China