/kloc-the development of science and technology in the first half of the 0/9th century strongly promoted the progress of military communication technology, especially in the application of telegraph and the invention of telephone.
Invented telegraph
From 65438 to 1930s, commercial telegrams appeared in Europe and America. Representative inventors in this field are Gauss and Weber in Britain and Morse in the United States. 1833, Gauss and Weber made the first practical electromagnetic pointer telegraph. Shortly thereafter, another young Englishman, Cook, and a professor at London Institute of Advanced Studies, Wheatstone, invented a new telegraph and obtained the first patent. 1837, the invention of American Morse greatly promoted telegraph technology. He used a set of dotted symbols to represent letters and numbers (that is, Morse code) and designed a set of lines. The transmitter is an electric key, which feeds the code into the wire in the form of long and short current pulses, and the current pulse at the receiver excites the electromagnet in the telegraph device, so that the pen tip records the code on the constantly moving paper tape. After continuous improvement, this telegraph system reached the practical stage in 1844, and the telegraph connection between Baltimore and Washington was established for the first time.
Telegraph application
Because war depends more on the most effective means of communication at that time than any other human activity, the telegraph immediately attracted the attention of the military community as soon as it appeared. 1854, the British army first adopted the telegraph in the war. Submarine telegraph began to be used between Dover and Calais in about 185 1 year, and later developed to be used for long-distance telegraph communication between London and Paris, on the other hand, it was used in Vano base in the Crimean War.
During the Indian War of Independence from 65438 to 0857, the Kolkata government kept in touch with the scattered British troops mainly by telegraph. The American Civil War from 186l to 1865 was the first war in which telecommunications technology was used on a large scale. During the war, the federal government established 2,400 kilometers of telegraph lines, connecting the northern army with the war department and military commanders, and sent 6.5 million telegrams.
Portable transmitter
Colonel Meyer not only invented the semaphore communication, but also invented a portable telegraph device that allowed the commander of the group army to communicate with his subordinate troops in the summer of 186 1, which played a great role in the battle.
Invented the first telephone.
Because telegrams need to be translated when they are sent and received, people think it is slow and inconvenient, so they further seek more convenient communication methods, and the telephone comes into being. Hook in Britain first put forward the suggestion of transmitting sound over a long distance. 1837, Dr. Page of the United States found that when the magnetism of iron changes rapidly, it will make a musical sound, and the loudness of this sound changes with the frequency of magnetic change. He called this sound "current music". About 1860, Reiss of Germany used electricity for the first time to make a melody. He called this device "telephone", a name that has been used ever since. It was not until 1876 that Bell of America finally invented the first telephone.
The use of telephones and previously invented telegrams completely changed military communications.
communication technology
The information transmitted by human beings is insufficient.
/kloc-before the 0/9th century, in the long historical period, human beings mainly relied on manpower and animal power to transmit information, and also used homing pigeons or bonfires to achieve it. These communication methods are extremely inefficient and are greatly limited by geographical distance and obstacles.
The rapid development of communication
1844, American S.B. Morse invented Morse code and sent the first telegram on the telegraph, which greatly narrowed the time-space gap of communication. 1876, Bell invented the telephone, which enabled two people hundreds of meters apart to have a direct and clear conversation for the first time. With the development of society, people's requirements for information transmission and communication are getting higher and higher, and communication technology is developing rapidly.
terminal device
Communication infrastructure is terminal equipment, transmission equipment and switching equipment, which are isomorphic to form a communication network.
Terminal equipment includes telephone, fax machine, telegraph, data terminal and image terminal. The transmission equipment of wired communication includes cables, submarine cables, optical cables and submarine optical cables. The transmission equipment of wireless communication includes microwave receiver, microwave transmitter and communication satellite. Switching equipment is located in the center of communication network, which is a device to realize signal exchange and connection in user terminal equipment such as telephone exchange and telegraph exchange.
Modern communication technology
Mainly in the progress of modern communication technology, mainly in digital program-controlled switching technology, optical fiber communication, satellite communication, intelligent terminals and so on, and personal communication covering the whole world is the development direction of communication technology.
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