The current situation, characteristics and development trends of the Russian military command automation construction
1. The current status of the Russian military command automation construction
The Russian military command automation construction has generally experienced The following stages: the basic research and preliminary construction stage in the 1950s and 1960s, the in-depth development stage in the 1970s, the practical application stage in the 1980s, and the improvement and perfection stage since the 1990s. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Russia continued to update, improve and perfect the system on the basis of inheriting the command automation technology and equipment from the former Soviet Union. Especially after the end of the Kosovo War, with the adjustment of military doctrine and army building policies, the Russian military is actively developing new technologies such as the "non-strategic missile defense integrated system" while focusing on improving the anti-ballistic missile system and air defense command automation system. A first-generation command automation system.
The Russian military command automation system can be divided into two levels: strategic level and operational/tactical level. The strategic-level command automation system consists of a strategic early warning detection system, a command and control center and a strategic communication system. Its main task is to ensure that the country's highest command authority implements uninterrupted command and control of strategic nuclear forces. Tactical-level command automation systems are relatively backward. In the 1980s, they did not begin to equip divisions and units below divisions, including C-300PMU surface-to-air missile systems, C-300V anti-tactical missile systems, rocket launcher automated command and control systems, and various electronic warfare systems. systems and tactical communications systems. Since the 1990s, the Russian army has begun to establish campaign-level command automation systems at group army and front army headquarters.
2. Characteristics of Russian military command automation construction
1. Centralized leadership and unified construction. The Russian army has always adhered to the integrated design concept in the construction of command automation, breaking down the boundaries of services, arms and departments, implementing centralized leadership for the construction of command automation throughout the army, achieving unified planning, unified design and unified construction, and using national administrative power to carry out Intervention, providing guarantees in terms of human, financial and material resources. The General Staff of the Russian Army established the Information and Automation Administration of the Russian Federation Armed Forces, which is responsible for the command automation management and information assurance of the entire military. In order to ensure joint operations, the Russian army has also established a comprehensive research institute. In terms of division of labor, the military's comprehensive research institute is responsible for proposing the tactical requirements for the command automation system, and the local military industry department's comprehensive research institute is responsible for system design. The design of the command automation system integrates the command, control, communications and intelligence of various military units, logistics support units, tactical missile units, and tactical air units, thus avoiding the "chimney" situation of independent operations in the system.
2. Military-civilian compatibility, peacetime and wartime integration. The Russian military has always attached great importance to the military-civilian compatibility of command automation systems, and has incorporated military information network construction into the overall plan for national information network construction. It has good compatibility between military and civilian systems and strong conversion capabilities between peacetime and wartime. All Russian civilian information and communication systems that use advanced technology are designed with full consideration of compatibility with military systems. For example, the Russian national communication system is a system for military and civilian use, and most of its communication networks and equipment can be directly used to support military purposes. In terms of communication system construction, the construction of military fixed communication facilities also makes full use of civilian communication systems, while the military focuses on the development of branch transmission facilities and key switching equipment and terminal equipment. The communication system used by military and civilians has a very high degree of redundancy. The military and civilians are separated in peacetime and relatively independent in use during wartime, focusing on ensuring military operations.
3. Based on domestic products and pay attention to practical results. The construction of Russian military command automation adheres to the principle of localization. The development, research and production of various electronic components, various integrated circuits, various communication and switching equipment, as well as hardware and software systems are completely based in China. Compared with the armies of developed Western countries, the Russian army has certain gaps in microelectronics technology, communication technology, computer technology, etc., and the degree of digitalization of various equipment is relatively low. However, the Russian army actively introduces international standards and advanced technologies to improve the performance and technical level of systems and equipment; it attaches great importance to the research on command automation methodology, focuses on the overall design and scientific demonstration of the system, and proposes principles for system construction; adopts a variety of Means make up for the deficiencies in technology and equipment, enhance the system's maneuverability, survivability, anti-interference ability, all-weather combat capability and mutual substitution capabilities, forming a situation that competes with the military command automation systems of Western countries.
4. Emphasis on survival and protection.
The Russian military believes that future wars and intercontinental nuclear conflicts will suffer multiple nuclear attacks in the early stages of the war. Therefore, it attaches great importance to the survivability of the system and advocates improving the system through concealment, dispersion, reinforcement, maneuverability, redundant backup, and communication confidentiality. survivability. The Russian army attaches great importance to the supporting construction of the command system, the supporting combination of basic facilities and backup facilities, the supporting combination of fixed facilities and mobile facilities, and the supporting use of wired communications, wireless communications and satellite communications, forming a combination of air, underground, and ground capabilities. A comprehensive command system with strong anti-interference and anti-destruction capabilities. Most of the Russian army's fixed command automation systems are configured in solid underground protective fortifications. Some of the strategic command automation systems are built hundreds of meters underground and can withstand the pressure of 70 kilograms of explosion shock waves per square centimeter. The command vehicle of the tactical command automation system is mainly a tracked armored vehicle and has good armor protection performance. The Russian army has also built multiple backup command posts, equipped with various major command and communication facilities, and saving the current battlefield situation and necessary intelligence information so that it can quickly take over the work when the basic command post is damaged. Most of the Russian military's communication equipment and radio stations have adopted measures to prevent interception and strictly control communications. They usually use backup frequencies for wartime communications.
3. The development trend of the Russian military’s command automation construction
1. Strengthen the construction of the strategic rocket force’s command automation system. The "Russian Federation's National Army Building Policy Concept until 2005" issued in 1998 believes that the greatest threat to Russia's national security is regional conflicts and local conflicts, but the possibility of large-scale aggression cannot be completely ruled out. Russia must still maintain A sufficiently powerful nuclear deterrent. The "Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation" (Draft) issued in 1999 further clearly states that the Russian Federation regards nuclear weapons as an effective factor in curbing aggression and ensuring the security of Russia and its allies. According to this strategy, the Russian military will further strengthen the construction of the strategic rocket force command automation system, expand the scope of nuclear containment, and be ready to deal with nuclear war at any time.
2. Strengthen research on space command automation systems. The Russian military believes that establishing and maintaining space superiority is a development trend in future armed struggle. Space, air, and ground have become an inseparable whole. Under the conditions of future high-tech warfare, dominance of space will become an important basis for seizing air and sea supremacy and play an important role in achieving the goals of modern warfare. It is necessary to strengthen the offensive and defensive capabilities of space. In 1994, the Russian military officially decided to establish a unified air and space defense system based on the air defense force, integrating the air defense forces of all services and military aerospace forces, establishing a unified air and space reconnaissance system, and forming a unified air and space defense deployment. . Recently, the Russian military has proposed the development of a "round-trip aerospace system." The system can implement strategic and tactical space reconnaissance, as well as space warfare, using high-precision weapons and equipment to attack enemy ground targets. Experts predict that the successful development of this system will be a major breakthrough in the field of Russian aviation and space, paving the way for the development of its military space industry. In response to the U.S. theater missile defense plan, Russia is actively developing a "non-strategic missile defense integrated system."
3. Emphasize active air defense and give priority to the development of highly mobile air defense systems. In 1998, Russia developed the vehicle-mounted mobile "Antai-2500" anti-missile and anti-aircraft integrated air defense system based on the C-300V air defense missile system. The system can simultaneously track 24 aircraft or 16 ballistic missiles and intercept various types of ballistic missile aircraft with a range of less than 2,500 kilometers and a flight speed of less than 4,500 meters per second. In February this year, Russia successfully conducted a test of the new C-400 air defense system, which can detect and destroy targets within 400 kilometers.
4. Actively develop and deploy a new generation of defense satellite systems. The Russian military's strategic communications and space early warning mainly rely on satellites. Its satellite system was developed on the basis of the satellite system of the former Soviet Union. Most of the equipment was developed in the 1970s and is relatively backward technically. Russia is currently actively advocating the development of a new generation of defense satellite systems, using the latest technology to increase the power of satellites, increase communication capacity, and extend the life of satellites. In terms of mobile satellites, Russia's "Marathon" plan, which is being fully implemented, can provide Russia with 1,800 to 2,000 mobile phone channels.
5. Develop new communication technology equipment and improve and perfect communication systems. The Russian army plans to adopt advanced communication technology and equipment and gradually improve the existing communication system in stages.
On the basis of continuously improving the communication and automation systems of anti-missile and anti-space forces, strategic nuclear forces, strategic reconnaissance forces, and electronic warfare forces, establish regional communication systems for each service and arms, and then further improve the field communication system. Improve the mobility and comprehensiveness of field communications systems. In terms of communication system, the Russian military is developing from analog to digital. Russia is building a digital microwave trunk line across the country, which will allow most large cities in Russia to access long-distance digital networks. In terms of land mobile communications, by 2010, Russia will build a GSM national digital network and realize interconnection with the national analog network.
6. Adapt to the characteristics of modern warfare, conduct in-depth research on information warfare theory, and develop information weapons. When predicting war in the 21st century, the Russian Academy of Military Sciences clearly stated: "The possibility cannot be ruled out that information warfare will become a new combat operation, and it will be carried out in all fields and at all levels of armed struggle." It further proposed that Russia "must step up the development of information weapons and regard them as an integral part of military technical equipment and an integral part of the country's military, political and war potential." According to foreign publications, the microwave weapons currently being researched by the Russian military "release strong microwave energy pulses that can destroy NATO's solid-state nervous system used to control radar and command automation systems." In 1998, Russian scientists developed a small high-current electron accelerator that emits lasers, X-rays, broadband radio waves and high-power microwaves. Its energy pulses can "fuse" small circuit switches in the computers of military command centers. , resulting in system paralysis and command failure. This high-current electron accelerator is smaller than a portable briefcase and weighs only 8 kilograms.
The construction of command automation must adhere to the path of integrated development
Editor's note: In order to fully implement the "Command Automation Regulations" and the "Command Automation Construction Outline" issued by the Central Military Commission, we will further promote our In order to build an integrated military command automation system, the "Command Automation Integrated Technology System Structure" has recently been issued by the relevant departments at the headquarters and implemented throughout the military. "System Structure" is a standardized technical outline of the command automation system and a technical guidance document oriented to the top-level design and interconnection of the system. It absorbs and draws on the experience of foreign military C4ISR system construction, and closely integrates the actual situation of our military to propose a series of standards and guidelines that all departments should implement together during system construction. In order to further enhance the consciousness of standardization and legal construction, and promote the integrated construction of command automation, we have specially compiled and published this set of articles for the benefit of readers.
To achieve interconnection and compatibility between systems in the construction of command automation, we must overcome "structural diseases", break through the closed small worlds between departments, and get out of the "Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period"————
The focus is on the top-level design of the system
●Xu Xiaoyan, General Staff Communications Department
The main forms of local war under modern high-tech conditions are joint operations and information operations . The use of advanced command automation systems has become an important guarantee for seizing battlefield information and taking the initiative in war. In order to unify the technical system of the command automation system of the entire army, the "Command Automation Integrated Technical System Structure" (referred to as "System Structure") was recently issued. This marks an important step in the development of our military's command automation system in the direction of integration.
Last year, the Central Military Commission promulgated the "Outline for the Construction of Command Automation". In August this year, with the approval of the Military Commission, the "Regulations on Command Automation" were issued. These two important documents clarify the construction of our military's command automation system. The goals, policies and regulations determine the idea of ??adhering to integrated development. Our military's command automation system has gradually developed from decentralized construction and single application to networked, intelligent, comprehensive and integrated, and has begun to be included in the track of construction in accordance with the law. The formulation and issuance of the "System Structure" is an important measure to fully implement the Military Strategic Guidelines of the Central Military Commission for the new era and achieve the construction goals set in the "Outline".
Our military’s command automation system is a large-scale system project that integrates command and control, intelligence reconnaissance, early warning detection, communications, electronic countermeasures and other combat information support system functions. Each sub-system has different types and operations. The usage requirements are different, and the construction is organized by each department according to their different construction goals.
To achieve interconnection and compatibility between systems and ensure that combat information can flow "seamlessly" between subsystems, we must first make overall planning and start from top-level design to break through the closed small worlds between departments and form concepts. On the basis of knowledge and understanding, the operating mechanism of mutual connection, mutual coordination and interactive development. Secondly, during the system development and integration process, information exchange and information security are used as breakthroughs to organize all relevant units to jointly implement a series of relevant standards and specifications. Third, use scientific methods to achieve effective integration of established systems and systems under development. "System Structure" is the inevitable product of the command automation system entering the integrated development stage, and the technical content involved is closely related to the "integration" requirements. It focuses on the development law of the command automation system, starts from strengthening the top-level design of the system, and analyzes each aspect of the system from the five aspects of information processing, information transmission, information modeling and metadata, human-machine interface and information security that have an important impact on the overall development. The elements are described and standardized, and are inherited, systematic, targeted and forward-looking. All departments, in accordance with unified planning and deployment, and jointly implement a series of stipulated standards will surely promote the entire system towards the integration goal, thus enhancing the overall combat effectiveness of the system.
With the in-depth development of our military's command automation construction and the continuous improvement of informatization level, system engineering standardization has become an important support point to improve the overall efficiency of the system. The so-called system engineering standardization is to organically combine and interact with each other in the practice of system engineering construction to combine the system engineering theory of seeking "the best combination of system benefits" and the standardization activities with the connotation of "unification, coordination, simplification and optimization". effect. System engineering standardization comprehensively reflects the requirements of "unification, synthesis, efficiency, serialization, and generalization" proposed for the construction of command automation systems. The construction of command automation in our army has developed into an integrated construction that is cross-departmental, multi-field, and oriented to the comprehensive application of all services and arms. This feature determines that standardization work must take an overall view, overall planning, and overall design, and adopt a top-down approach. Method, implement step by step and division of labor.
"System Architecture" is guided by systems engineering theory and adopts scientific methods such as "progressive acquisition method" and "rapid prototyping method" to combine research objects with development goals, development strategies, application environments, and technologies. The system, management requirements and ideological methods are closely integrated, fully reflecting the overall development ideas.
Compared with the military of developed countries, there is a historical gap in the construction of command automation in our army due to its late start and weak foundation. Learning from the successful experience and technical achievements of foreign military C4ISR system construction can help us avoid detours, improve our starting point, and achieve leapfrog development. After the Gulf War, the U.S. military carefully summarized the experience and lessons learned in the construction of C3I systems. In view of the problems that the systems of the army, navy, air force and marine corps are self-contained, have poor interoperability, develop in a "chimney" style, and have a low cost-effectiveness ratio, the U.S. military established Specialized agencies have spent a lot of manpower and funds to integrate and improve the system, organically combining combat needs, system function design, technology implementation and standardization, and gradually forming an integrated C4ISR system with complete functions for joint operations of all services and arms. The problems currently faced by our military have many similarities with the early problems that occurred in the military of developed countries such as the US military. "System Structure" combines reference with innovation to form its own characteristics. The main ones are: adhering to the "overall design" orientation, proposing comprehensive standardization requirements, and improving the starting point of system development; emphasizing "uniform execution". Under unified guidance, all departments jointly implement relevant standards to ensure that the system achieves the "three mutuals" "; Highlight the "minimum" and propose the minimum set of standards that must be strictly implemented in system construction. The construction of sub-systems of various services and arms can also put forward specific technical and management requirements according to special needs; adapt to "dynamic development", according to the development of the system Progressive, seeking development strategies with limited goals and staged results.
The construction of our military's command automation has entered a critical period of overall development, and standardization work has increasingly become the top priority of system engineering construction. Looking back on the past, in the construction of our military's command automation, we have not only adhered to the experience of centralized and unified leadership, overall planning, division of labor and cooperation, and achieved overall benefits, but also had the experience of some units acting independently and pursuing local interests and short-term benefits one-sidedly. We need to carefully summarize the past and plan for the future, continue to deepen research on the construction and organizational application of command automation systems, further pay attention to and strengthen standardization work, continue to reform and innovate, and strive to create a new situation in the construction of our military's command automation.
The absence of a unified technical system and unified technical standards will seriously restrict the overall effectiveness of the command automation system——
An integrated technical system structure must be established
●Chen Guohe of the Communications Department of the Naval Command
Under modern high-tech conditions, the systematic confrontation characteristics of war are becoming more and more obvious, and joint combat capabilities will be the fundamental symbol of the military's combat capabilities. Future joint operations will first be a "jointness" of information. The information network connects the weapon systems, various combat elements, and dispersed combat units of many services and arms into an organic whole, allowing the war machine to connect and interact on a larger scale, showing a large number of troop groups and high combat intensity. , the organization, command and coordination are complex, command methods and methods are frequently changed, and the new generation of high-tech weapons are highly dependent on battlefield information support. The ability of participating troops to obtain, process and distribute information will become the key to success in joint operations. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish a technical system structure for the integration of all services and arms to achieve system interconnection, interoperability, and interoperability, ensure the right to acquire and control information in joint operations, and meet actual combat needs.
There is still a big gap between the construction of our military's command automation and the requirements of local wars under modern high-tech conditions, which will bring difficulties to seize and maintain battlefield control information rights. In response to the current phenomena of fragmentation, independent development, and weak "three mutual" capabilities, the Military Commission and the Chief of the General Staff have repeatedly emphasized that the absence of a unified technical system and unified technical standards will seriously restrict the overall effectiveness of the command automation system. . Therefore, an integrated command automation technology architecture must first be established.
Adhering to unified leadership and overall planning is the prerequisite for the construction of command automation. In order to increase the intensity of unified management, in addition to strengthening organizational leadership and effective coordination, there should also be a technical document that can be used to standardize and guide the integrated construction of command automation in the entire military in terms of unified technical systems and unified standards. The timely issuance of the "System Structure" has enabled the command automation construction to have technical standards and structural models that can be followed from system program demonstration, overall design, research and development, to system quality inspection and equipment purchase. It is highly operable and will be implemented from The technical system ensures unified leadership and overall planning implementation.
In 1995, the U.S. military established the C4ISR Integrated Task Committee, composed of representatives from the Joint Chiefs of Staff, various services, and departments of the Department of Defense, to plan the C4ISR system architecture. In 1996, the "C4ISR System Architecture" was promulgated. Framework” (1st ed.). As a policy directive and guidance directive of the Ministry of National Defense, a second edition was promulgated in 1997. The U.S. military requires that systems from the top to the bottom must follow this architectural framework and form a unified set of description, analysis, and design methods and technical standards across all services and departments and headquarters. Practice has proved that this is a path that must be taken. Now, the "Architecture" promulgated by our military includes technical reference models, general application services, application support platforms and external environments, covering software, hardware and logical structures. It is a relatively complete set of technical guidelines. We should combine reality, look for problems, see what is consistent and what is not, and work hard to overcome problems in progress. In the future, whether it is a new project or the transformation and upgrading of existing systems, we must take the "System Structure" as the criterion and follow the unified technical system and standards of the entire military to ensure that the system is optimally designed and interconnected with the entire military system. Standards and data formats listed in the Architecture may not be used. With the rapid development of information technology and the continuous deepening of system application, it is necessary to verify and feedback information in a timely manner, and to continuously enrich and develop the "system structure" in practice.
Generalization, serialization, and combination are the basic projects for the construction of command automation equipment. They are effective ways to reduce key construction, shorten the development cycle, and alleviate many contradictions——
Efforts Improve the "three modernizations" level of the system
●Wang Liansheng of the Communications Department of the Second Artillery Command
The "System Structure" is based on summarizing the experience of our military's command automation construction and drawing on foreign military C4ISR systems Construction methods and results, and a standardized technical outline for the command automation system with the characteristics of our military. Its release and implementation will play a positive role in promoting the generalization, serialization and combination of command automation equipment.
Generalization is to maximize the scope of use of the same unit. This generalization unit can be a system, subsystem or equipment.
Serialization is based on the development rules of the same type of products, and unified regulations are made on subsystems and equipment according to the needs of form and structure. Combination (modularization) is the functional decomposition of different products within a certain range and the design of standard modules to form different products according to requirements. The "three modernizations" reflect the objective laws of the development of high-tech military equipment in today's world. In response to the requirements for the construction of command automation in our military, "System Structure" proposes an idea and method for top-level design of the system, which will effectively promote the "three modernizations" of the system and lay the foundation for realizing the anti-destruction and reorganization function of command automation equipment.
In the construction of command automation equipment, through the promotion of "three modernizations", we focus on developing basic types and rationally using derived types to achieve "one machine for multiple purposes" and "one machine for multiple types", which can not only meet the needs of multiple Layers are required and redundant development of the same level is reduced or eliminated. At the same time, the "three modernizations" can also inherit and utilize existing achievements to the maximum extent, reduce design and testing, save funds, shorten the development cycle, and reduce risks. It can be said that the "three modernizations" are strategic measures to comprehensively solve the many contradictions in the development of command automation equipment, such as high investment requirements and economic affordability. It is also the only way to solve the contradiction between the diversified needs of equipment and mass production. It is also an effective way to improve combat effectiveness. . "System Structure" proposes a unified technical system, laying a technical foundation for the realization of interconnection, interoperability, interoperability and "three modernizations" of various command automation systems.
Whether it is the realization of generalized or serialized products, or the module analysis and decomposition of different products, certain standards must be followed. Without standardization, it is impossible to design and produce a series of universal modules, nor to design components and standard interfaces that can be used in the "three modernizations." In order to ensure the realization of "three modernizations", the system's application support platform, common interfaces, hardware configuration, software development, etc. must strictly implement the technical standards stipulated in the "System Structure" in order to provide support for the system's program demonstration, overall design, research and development, Provides standard basis for quality inspection and system integration.
The "three modernizations" construction of command automation equipment must, on the one hand, inherit the achievements of the command automation system construction, and on the other hand, continue to innovate on the basis of inheritance. "System Structure" is suitable for both the development of new systems and the transformation of original systems. While it establishes technical standards for the development of new equipment, it also points out the direction of technological transformation for the upgrading of existing equipment, which is conducive to the inheritance and innovation of command automation construction achievements. The implementation of the "System Structure" will surely promote the construction of the "three modernizations" of command automation equipment onto the path of healthy development and improve the "three modernizations" of our military's command automation system.
The construction of theater command automation must move from decentralization to unity, from singleness to integration, from scientific research and testing to practical application, and achieve multi-directional integration and seamless connection——
Grasp the integration The focus of globalization construction
●Gao Defu, Communications Department of Shenyang Military Region Headquarters
Integrate vertically and horizontally. At present, the construction of theater command automation systems must pay attention to solving problems such as inconsistent standards, non-standard technologies, mutual incompatibility, and imperfect functions, and accelerate the realization of horizontal and vertical integration. To solve the problem of horizontal and vertical integration, we should organize the construction from top to bottom according to unified standards. The superior system provides constraints to the subordinate systems, and the subordinate systems provide support to the superior systems, forming a seamless connection between the upper and lower levels. To this end, we should first focus on the construction of tactical systems. Troops below the division and regiment level are the basic tactical units that perform combat tasks. Strategy and campaign systems must rely on the information sources provided by the tactical system, and rely on the tactical system to ultimately achieve command and control of the troops. Therefore, the command automation system should be extended to front-line combat troops as soon as possible. Secondly, we should do a good job in building the field system. The profound revelation that the Kosovo War gave us is that in modern anti-air attack operations, we must solve the problems of field survival and command and control of troops. Efforts should be concentrated on building a field command automation system that can be used in various environments to achieve "communication on the move" and "field connection." Once again, we should do a good job in the informatization construction of the main battle weapon platform. The command automation system must develop in synchrony and coordination with the informatization construction of weapons and equipment, and be connected with the main battle weapon platform, so that the command automation system can implement uninterrupted control of the main battle weapon platform, and various information from the weapon platform can be automatically provided to the command automation system .
Multi-directional merge. In recent years, the construction of theater command automation has shown a multi-pronged situation. Some are "integrated" by the business department, some are "separately built" by each business department, and some are "self-built" by each unit.
In order for these systems to achieve overall effectiveness, they must be integrated according to the "Architecture". The first is to standardize the transformation of the "self-built" system to integrate it with the "unified construction" system of the entire military. Those that meet the standards will be included in the equipment support series as an effective supplement to the "unified construction" system. The second is to do a good job in the comprehensive integration of "sub-construction" systems, so that these sub-systems, while providing services for the department, become an integral part of the theater command automation system and provide functional support for the comprehensive system. The third is to expand and improve the "unified construction" system so that it becomes the main body of the command automation system at all levels, meets the actual needs of all levels, and can effectively absorb the "self-built" and "separately built" systems to play a role The link between vertical and horizontal links.
Omnidirectional fit. Realizing theater command automation is an overall concept involving construction, management, training and use. It should be built on demand first. The user department gives full play to the role of demand traction and provides detailed and specific usage requirements. In accordance with operational needs, the construction department organizes system construction based on the goals set in the "Command Automation Construction Outline" and the standards set in the "System Structure" to build whatever is needed. Secondly, it should be managed in accordance with the law. According to the rules of system operation, establish and improve various regulations on system operation, use management, safety and confidentiality, etc., implement management according to the clear division of responsibilities in the "Command Automation Regulations", and prevent multiple supervisors from disrupting the war. Once again, training should be carried out according to the outline. Incorporate the command automation training content into the comprehensive training of the head office, unify and standardize the training content, clarify the training standards, organize the training and assessment and acceptance according to the outline, further improve the pertinence of the training, and ensure that the troops train what they use. Finally it should be installed and used. The equipment system must be unified and standardized from top to bottom, so that whatever equipment is used can be used. Any equipment that is promoted and used is classified as official equipment, and any equipment that has not been approved and certified by the competent authorities shall not be put into use, let alone run online. Through omnidirectional integration, we strive to form a good situation in which construction and management are not separated, training and use are consistent, and the overall situation is a game of chess, providing an efficient, comprehensive, and integrated command automation system for the implementation of theater joint operations.
Solving the interconnection, interoperability and interoperability problems of command automation systems at all levels and types is conducive to the formation of an organic whole with comprehensive integration and coordinated operation——
Joint operations The cornerstone of technology
●Jiang Xiaoyuan, a research institute of the General Staff
The outstanding feature of future high-tech warfare is the joint operations of various services and arms. Who can grasp the entire battlefield situation and situation in a timely, comprehensive and accurate manner? Other relevant information can effectively command various strike forces of various services and arms to seize the initiative on the battlefield. The command automation system is a basic means to obtain information advantage and a multiplier for improving our military's combat capabilities. Due to historical constraints, the construction of command automation in our military basically starts with each service or a certain system, and is organized and constructed by each service and business department, usually with less consideration for joint operations needs. Now, efforts must be made to solve the problems of interconnection, interoperability and interoperability of command automation systems at all levels and types to form an organic whole with comprehensive integration and coordinated operation. To this end, we should start from the top-level design to determine the technical standards that must be followed by various services and systems, so that all levels and types of systems under division of labor can be integrated and optimized to meet joint operations requirements.
The recently issued "System Architecture" is determined to ensure the "seamless" flow and interoperability of information between various types of command systems at all levels, as well as the compatibility between related architectures. The rules that need to be followed together include system components and interrelationships as well as relevant standards. Its focus is to: clarify the rules and standards for information transmission, exchange and processing; fully consider the needs of command and combat platforms and network connections; be able to adapt to the development of new technologies and gradually phase out old and backward technologies and related standards; adopt as much as possible Commercial standards, industrial standards and technologies to reduce reliance on patented technologies.
The technical reference model proposed in "Architecture" is divided into combat use, general services, support platforms and external environment. Combat use refers to software with various specific combat functions required to complete combat missions; general services include application software that can be standardized and adapted to different combat missions; the support platform consists of operating system services and basic services; the external environment includes communications entities, information exchange entities and user entities. They adopt national standards, national military standards and commercial standards respectively.
Try to promote the unification of technology and standards for the command automation systems of various services and arms, improve the interoperability between systems and the compatibility of related architectures, reduce technical risks, reduce costs, and accelerate the system integration construction process.
The construction of the entire military command automation system must adhere to unified leadership and unified planning