The earliest Morse code was dots and dashes representing numbers. Numbers correspond to words, and you need to look up a code table to know the number corresponding to each word. Use one key to hit points, strokes, and pauses in between. Although Morse invented the telegraph, he lacked the relevant expertise. He signed an agreement with Alfred Weir to help him build more practical equipment. Alfred Weir conceived a scheme whereby each character and punctuation mark could be sent independently of the other through dots, dashes, and pauses in between. They reached an agreement and agreed to put this scheme of identifying different symbols into Morse's patent. This is now known as American Morse code, and it was used to transmit the world's first telegraph. This code can be transmitted using a radio signal with a smooth and intermittent tone, often called a Continuous Wave, abbreviated as CW. It could be an electrical pulse in a telegraph wire, or it could be a mechanical or visual signal (such as a flash of light). Generally speaking, any encoding method that can represent written characters as a variable-length signal can be called Morse code. But now the term is used to refer specifically to two types of Morse code that represent English letters and symbols: American Morse code, which was used in wired telegraph communication systems; and International Morse code, still in use today, uses only dots and dashes. (pause removed). The telegraph company charged according to the length of the letter to be sent. Commercial codes are carefully designed groups of five characters that are sent as one word. For example: BYOXO ("Are you trying to crawl out of it?"); LIOUY ("Why do you not answer my question?"); AYYLU ("Not clearly coded, repeat more clearly."). These five-character abbreviations can be sent individually using Morse code. In network terms, we will also talk about some of the most commonly used Morse commercial codes. The Q abbreviations and Z abbreviations still used in amateur radio are: they were originally used to exchange information such as communication quality, frequency changes, telegram numbers, etc. between operators. On January 8, 1838, Alfred Vail demonstrated a telegraph code using dots and dashes, the precursor to Morse code. As an information encoding standard, Morse code has a long life that other encoding schemes cannot surpass. Morse code was used as an international standard in maritime communications until 1999. In 1997, when the French Navy stopped using Morse code, the last message sent was: "Attention everyone, this is our last cry before eternal silence!" [Edit this paragraph] American Morse code as a A virtually extinct electrical code, American Morse code uses varying dots, dashes, and unique spacing to represent numbers, characters, and special symbols. This Morse code was designed primarily for transmission by ground operators over telegraph wires, rather than over radio waves. This ancient, interlaced code was designed to match the way operators answered calls. Unlike today, where you can hear the tones of the code through loudspeakers or earphones, you could only hear the clicks from one of the mechanical generators of these earliest telegraph machines, or even from the send key: a key that did not send The signal is set to slave mode and is responsible for sound production. Most of these operators worked for the railways or later Western Union telex and other services. Like many young people at that time, the teenage Edison was such an operator. [Edit this paragraph] Modern International Morse Code Today, the International Morse Code is still used, although it has almost entirely become a patent for amateur radio operators. Until 2003, the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) regulated the acquisition of amateur radio licenses for Morse code proficiency practitioners around the world. In some countries, some bands of amateur radio are still reserved only for sending Morse code signals. Because Morse relies only on a smooth, unmodulated radio signal, its radio communication equipment is simpler than other methods, and it can be used in high-noise, low-signal environments. At the same time, it only requires a very narrow bandwidth and can also help two operators with different native languages ??to communicate who will encounter huge difficulties in traffic communication. It is also the most commonly used method in QRP.
In the United States, until 1991, in order to obtain an amateur radio certificate from the FCC allowing use of the high-frequency bands, one had to pass a Morse code transmit and receive test of five words per minute (WPM). Before 1999, the highest level of amateur radio certificate (extra category) could be obtained by reaching a proficiency level of 20WPM; on December 13, 1999, the FCC lowered this requirement for the additional category to 13WPM. In 2003, the World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC03, a biennial special meeting on frequency allocation hosted by ITU) decided to allow countries to choose whether to require Morse code in the management of amateur radio licenses. While the requirement remains on paper in the United States and Canada, some other countries are preparing to remove it entirely. Skilled amateurs and military operators can often receive (copy) Morse code at speeds above 40 WPM. Although traditional telegraph keys are still used by many enthusiasts, semi-automatic and fully automatic electronic keys are more and more widely used today. Computer software is also often used to generate and decode Morse code radio signals. Now in the text message ringtones of mobile phones, manufacturers such as Nokia still add the Morse code of "SMS (···——···)". Since Hong Kong's TVB was launched in 1967, every news report will also play the Morse code audio of "NEWS TODAY" in the background music. [Edit this paragraph] Time control and representation methods There are two "symbols" used to represent characters: dash (-) and dot (·), or Dah and Dit or long and short respectively. The length of the dot determines the speed of transmission and is used as a reference for transmission time. The following is a diagram of time control: Morse code: — ——— ·—· ··· · / —·—· ——— —·· ·Here, “—” means stroke, “·” represents a point. This is the exact sending time of the above message ("=" means there is a signal, "." means there is no signal, each is one point in length): ===.===...===.=== .===...=.===.=...=.=.=...=...===.=.===.=...=== .===.=== The dash is generally the length of three dots; the interval between dots and dashes is the length of one dot; the interval between characters is the length of three dots; the interval between words is seven The length of the point. Beginners are often taught to send characters with short, fast dots and dashes, and to exaggerate the time between symbols and words. In comparison, this method is easier to learn.
People who are familiar with Morse code often speak or spell like this [where the "long sound (Dah)" is pronounced as "awe"]: —— ——— ·—· ··· · / —·—· — —— —··· DahDah DahDahDah DiDahDit DiDiDit Dit, DahDiDahDit DahDahDah DahDiDit Dit. Letter character code symbol character code symbol character code symbol character code symbol A. ━B━． ． ． C━． ━． D━． ． E. F. ． ━． G━━． H. ． ． ． I. ． J. ━ ━ ━K━． ━L. ━． ． M━ ━N━． O━ ━ ━P. ━ ━． Q━━． ━R. ━． S. ． ． T━U. ． ━V. ． ． ━W． ━ ━X━． ． ━Y━． ━ ━Z━ ━． ．
Number Character code symbol Character code symbol Character code symbol Character code symbol 0━ ━ ━ ━ ━1. ━ ━ ━ ━2． ． ━ ━ ━3． ． ． ━ ━4. ． ． ． ━5. ． ． ． ． 6━． ． ． ． 7━━． ． ． 8━ ━ ━． ． 9━ ━ ━ ━．
Punctuation marks, character code symbols, character code symbols, character code symbols, character code symbols... ━． ━． ━:━ ━ ━． ． ． ,━ ━． ． ━ ━;━． ━． ━． ?． ． ━ ━． ． =━． ． ． ━'. ━ ━ ━ ━． /━． ． ━． !━． ━． ━ ━━ ━． ． ． ． ━_． ． ━ ━． ━".━ ..━ .(━ .━ ━ .)━ .━ ━ .━$．．．━ ．．━&． ．．．．@．━ ━ .━ ．
Non-English character code symbol character code symbol character code symbol ━ ━ ． ━?or ━ ． ． ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ?0? ． ━ ． Character code symbol ━ ．K ． ━ ． p>
Special symbols (same symbol) These are some dot-dash combinations with special meanings. They are used together by two letters of Morse code, which can save the need for normal code. They serve as the necessary intermediate time between two letters sent AR: ·—·—· (stop, end of message) AS: ·—··· (wait) K: —·— (invitation to transmit signal) (generally followed. AR, meaning "it's your turn") SK:···—·—(termination, end of contact) BT:—····—(separator) special symbol (not the same symbol)····—(I will re- Send the last word) ·· ··(Same) ········(Error) Commonly used abbreviations and abbreviations are different from the same symbol. The abbreviations retain the space between the characters, and they are not used as one.
A - All after (question mark used to request repeat) AB - All before (same) ARRL - American Radio Relay League (American Radio Relay League) ABT - About (about) ADS - Address (address) AGN - Again (again) ANT - Antenna BN - All between BUG - Semiautomatic key C - Yes CBA - Callbook address CFM - Confirm CLG - Calling CQ - Calling any station CUL - See you later CUZ - Because CW - Continuous wave CX - Conditions DE - From ) DX - Distance (sometimes refers to long distance contact) ES - And (and) FB - Fine business (similar to "determine") FCC - Federal Communications Commission (Federal Communications Commission) FER - For (for) FREQ - Frequency (frequency) GA - Good afternoon or Go ahead (depending on context) (Good afternoon) GE - Good evening (Good evening) GM - Good morning (Good morning) GND - Ground (ground potential) (surface) GD - Good (Good) HI - Laughter (laugh; laughter) HR - Here (here) HV - Have (have) LID - Poor operator (poor operator) MILS - Milliamperes (milliamps) NIL - Nothing (no) NR - Number (number) OB - Old boy (old boy) OC - Old chap (old brother) OM - Old man (any male amateur radio operator is an OM) (any male amateur radio operator is an OM) OO - Official Observer (official observer) ) OP - Operator OT - Old timer OTC - Old timers club OOTC - Old old timers club PSE - Please PWR - Power QCWA - Quarter Century Wireless Association R I - acknowledge or decimal point (depending on context) RCVR - Receiver RPT - Repeat or report (repeat or report) (depending on context) OK) RST - Signal report format (Readability-Signal Strength-Tone) (reception indicator) RTTY -
Radio teletype RX - Receive SAE - Self addressed envelope SASE - Self addressed, stamped envelope SED - Said SEZ - Says ) SIG - Signal SIGS - Signals SKED - Schedule SN - Soon (soon = near future) SOS - (emergency call = international) SRI - Sorry (sorry) STN - Station (radio) TEMP - Temperature TMW - Tomorrow TNX - Thanks TU - Thank you TX - Transmit U - You UR - Your or you're Already (determined by context) URS - Yours VY - Very WDS - Words WKD - Worked WL - Will WUD - Would WX - Weather XMTR - Transmitter (transmitter) XYL - Wife (wife) YL - Young lady (used of any female) (young woman) 73 - Best regards (best wishes) 88 - Love and kisses (love and kisses farewell) ( Note that it should be used between "opposite sexes") 99 - go way (asked to leave, not friendly) See the entry: Q Simplified Chinese [edit this paragraph] Conversation in Morse code requires using Morse code for unmistakable communication, Just letters are enough. In order to make communication more efficient, there are many internationally accepted models. This is an example of a CW communication between station A (s1) and station B (s2): s1: CQ CQ CQ de s1 K [Call anyone (CQ), this is (de) s1, end (K ). ] s2: s1 de s2 K (Call s1, this is s2, end) (Now the two radio stations have established a communication connection) s1: SK (Goodbye.) s2: SK (Goodbye.) As an example, the above radio stations There was no conversation, it was just a demonstration of contact. [Edit this paragraph] Distress signal SOS In August 1909, the American ship "Araphoe" was unable to sail due to a broken tail shaft, so it sent an "SOS" signal to nearby coasts and passing ships. This is the first time this signal has been used. In 1912, when the famous Titanic cruise ship was in distress on its maiden voyage, it sent CQD (the British Marconi Radio Company decided to use CQD as the ship's distress signal). However, because D (—··) was easily confused with other letters, surrounding ships did not They did not realize that it was a distress signal, and there was no quick rescue. The new distress signal SOS (···————···), which was only used when the ship was about to sink, was sent. It was only after the sinking of the Titanic that SOS became widely accepted and used. In fact, although the SOS signal was developed in 1906, it was rarely used by British radio operators, preferring the old CQD distress signal. Titanic's chief radio officer, John George Philip, had been transmitting the CQD distress signal until junior radio operator Harold Bride suggested to him: "Send SOS, this is the new call signal, this might as well be Your last chance to send it!" Philip then mixed the SOS signal with the traditional CQD distress signal. The distress signal was not received by the Californian until the next morning because she was not monitoring the radio 24 hours a day.