In the early 1930s, Changsha successfully trial-produced gas cars and alcohol cars, which caused a sensation throughout the country. People with lofty ideals in Changsha industry are determined to develop gas cars and alcohol cars. 1932 In February, the provincial industrial laboratory was established, and technicians led the team to Germany, and five kinds of gas generators were developed successively. August 1932, 1 1, 27 1 The gas producer was installed in the car for the first trial run, which was successful. Carrying 22 people from Liuduizi in Changsha to Xiashe Temple Station in Xiangtan, the journey is 63.3 kilometers and the speed is 39 kilometers per hour. 65438+1October 65438+1October 10 Long-term Highway held a trial operation ceremony, which was attended by representatives from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, 14 provinces and cities and foreign experts, and spoke highly of it. Later, the dust collector was developed and patented, which solved the problem of charcoal pollution.
1935, 20-30% of cars in Hunan province were converted into gas, and by 1939, it has increased to more than 50%. 1935, the test of alcohol vehicle was successful. Because the price of alcohol is lower than that of gasoline, by 1940, 32% of the cars in the province will be powered by alcohol instead of gasoline. In this way, charcoal cars and alcohol cars account for more than 82% of the total number of cars in the province, saving gasoline1.8-30 thousand gallons every year, worth millions of silver dollars.
Zhang, 1925 from Shanghai came back from France and was employed by Shanghai Kuaili Automobile Company, and began to study alternative fuels for automobiles. They bought 1 set of gas generators made in France and Sweden, loaded them and tested them, and then chose the downdraft gas generator made in France. In 65,438+0, all the 65,438+0 Gong * * cars in Shanghai were replaced by charcoal and put into operation, which made the development and research of Shanghai's fuel-burning cars enter the practical application stage.
China's first homemade charcoal car, Tang, was made in Zhengzhou. 193 1 In the summer of, Tang drove a charcoal car for the first time in Bishagang, the western suburb of Zhengzhou, and invited all walks of life to visit. This public beta caused a sensation in the whole city, and the audience was like a tide. The experimental results are good, the speed is 40 kilometers per hour, and only one kilogram of charcoal is consumed per kilometer, which is one tenth of the value of gasoline.
193 1 September, Tang reported the invention of charcoal instead of oil stove to the Ministry of Industry for the record, and obtained a patent for 5 years. (2) At the end of the same year, in order to speed up the promotion, Tang made the production technology and drawings of charcoal instead of oil stoves public without reservation. 1932 1 month14th, the Ministry of Industry sent an expert Shu Zhendong to Zhengzhou for an inspection tour. Through repeated tests and detailed inspection and verification, it is considered that the charcoal oil replacing furnace of the invention is of great significance, far superior to foreign tests, and has practical value, low cost and easy manufacture. The cost of the whole oil changing furnace is lower than that of the carburetor. Compared with the charcoal car made in Belgium, France, Japan and other countries abroad, it has three obvious advantages: first, it does not need to use gasoline as the medium when starting, and foreign products should use gasoline as the medium before starting the machine; Second, the weight of the stove does not exceed 100 kg, and it can be installed in front of the car, left, right or back of the car, which is convenient and flexible. Foreign experimental products weigh 200-300 kg, and the installation is cumbersome and inflexible; Third, adding charcoal once can drive for four hours and the speed can reach more than 40 kilometers per hour. The time to add charcoal in foreign experiments is relatively short, and the charcoal made in Japan is added every half hour. The Ministry of Industry once purchased the experimental products made in France and Japan for inspection, but found that they were not perfect and suitable for application, so they were shelved without promotion.
Compared with gasoline cars, Tang's invention is not as convenient to use as gasoline, and it takes three to five minutes to ignite (it can be started quickly by shaking it with your hand before ignition). Compared with gasoline cars, it is slightly weak when going uphill, which is a fly in the ointment, but it does not hinder driving. Experts spoke highly of Tang's invention. In 35 years, Zhongming Machinery Company, a professional factory for manufacturing gas producer, opened in Shanghai, and wrote to the Military Commission of the National Government, demanding that the use of alternative fuel vehicles be promoted in all road transport units in the country, all vehicles be converted into gas vehicles within a time limit, and the import of gasoline be restricted. It was affirmed by the authoritative department and ordered the national road transport enterprises to modify and use it. At that time, private long-distance bus transport enterprises all over the country also successively purchased gas generators and modified fuel vehicles. There is also Tang's office in Shanghai, which is responsible for promoting automobile alternative combustion technology. This really played a role during the Anti-Japanese War, especially after the Pacific War in the 30 years of the Republic of China, the import of gasoline was interrupted, and a large number of cars were converted into charcoal cars.
At that time, the national government used charcoal as automobile fuel in the research of alternative fuels. After repeated tests and improvements, charcoal vehicles made achievements in long-term operation. Because of easy access to fuel and low cost, carbon cars are widely used by private transportation departments in various provinces, and Guangdong Province is also an early place to promote carbon cars. Shaanxi * * * refitted hundreds of such charcoal cars and trudged between Qinling, Bashan, xi and Yan 'an, ensuring the task of road transportation in Shaanxi Province during the Anti-Japanese War.
It took nearly 15 years for the charcoal car in the Republic of China to be gradually eliminated. As the main means of transportation, charcoal vehicles completed arduous and dangerous transportation tasks during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, which made indelible contributions to ensuring wartime road transportation and left indelible marks on the anti-Japanese war culture.
During the Anti-Japanese War, Wuhan fell, the Kuomintang government moved westward to the mainland, and the southwest became the wartime rear area. During this period, the transportation industry developed rapidly. However, due to the sharp increase in the consumption of oil, one of a large number of strategic materials needed during the Anti-Japanese War, and the interruption of the Yunnan-Myanmar highway in Guangzhou, the supply is extremely scarce, and the only hump transportation gasoline is already stretched, which cannot meet the needs of the national economy and people's livelihood. In this way, the main means of transportation in wartime-cars, has become a cook without rice, and wartime traffic has been greatly restricted. In the later period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, almost all the trucks on the expressway in the southwest rear area of China were domestic charcoal cars except military vehicles.
At that time, the traffic situation was very bad, there were no planes, the railway was impassable, the waterway transportation was blocked by the Japanese aggressors, and the source of gasoline was cut off. Only charcoal car is a more practical means of transportation, with small target, flexibility and durability. Even if they are hit, they will still drive as long as they cover the hole with cloth. During this period, because oil could not be supplied, charcoal carts became an important means of transportation. Charcoal carts also carry a lot of rations, people's food and salt. Charcoal cars not only played a pillar role in transportation in the history of the Anti-Japanese War, but also became attached to some celebrities.
1In August, 939, Li Siguang, a famous geologist, went from Guilin to Enshi to attend the meeting of Hubei Provisional Senate. Because he didn't want to take a charcoal car, he flew to Chongqing first and then took a boat from Chongqing to Badong. But when he arrived in Badong, Li Siguang found that all the cars stopped at the station were charcoal cars, so he had to give it a try. As a result, the charcoal car traveled more than 200 kilometers of rugged mountain roads and arrived in Enshi smoothly. Li Siguang later said that when he was in Guilin, some people bought several charcoal cars from France, but as a result, they couldn't start and had to be dismantled, so he left Guilin because he thought the charcoal cars were unreliable. Unexpectedly, after this attempt, I found that the domestic carbon car is really useful, and it feels very comfortable and safe. So, after the Enshi meeting, Li Siguang also took a charcoal car and went to the border of Sichuan and Hubei to inspect the geology. After that, he returned to Guilin by charcoal car via eastern Sichuan and western Hunan.
When Chen Cheng was the chairman of Hubei provincial government and commander of the sixth war zone, he sent Zhu, a member of the provincial government, to organize an economic construction delegation. I visited Sichuan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangxi and Guizhou provinces and cities for three months. I've been riding a charcoal car and it's never broken. After returning to Hubei, Zhu stressed at the enlarged meeting of the provincial capital that all relevant departments and people in various provinces and cities praised the great role played by charcoal vehicles in wartime transportation and considered it an important achievement of Hubei's construction. 1939, Chen Cheng also invited Chiang Kai-shek and several senior generals to visit the charcoal car. Everyone unanimously praised the charcoal car for its great success, so that road transportation was not affected by the lack of gasoline.
However, the role of wartime is temporary. The charcoal car and charcoal stove modified from gasoline car are towed behind the car, which are huge and need to be filled with 200 kilograms of charcoal at a time. A blower is connected to the charcoal stove in the cab. After the charcoal is ignited, the stove is ignited by the blower, so that the charcoal in the stove burns to 80%, generating the gas needed to start the car. The gas produced by charcoal is stored and filtered by two gas cylinders and then input into carburetor for ignition.
In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, in order to overcome the blockade and embargo imposed by western countries on China, 195 1 year, Guangdong automobile repair shop also manufactured a large number of charcoal vaporizers, replacing oil with charcoal, ensuring normal transportation. In the early days of the People's Republic of China, the old employees of transportation enterprises had deep feelings for charcoal cars. The old driver who drove a charcoal car told the hardships of early transport workers in starting a business and their contribution to the transport industry.
In the early days of the People's Republic of China, more than 70% of the dozens of vehicles in transportation enterprises in our region were charcoal vehicles. The combustion system structure of this car is: carbon furnace, gas pipe, coarse filter, fine filter, mixer (carburetor) and so on. The difference between the charcoal stove and the current stove is that there is no flue, and there is a water pipe at the upper end of the stove. The water quantity is controlled by the switch to master the burning degree of charcoal in the stove. The starting process is as follows: when the charcoal (wood or coal) in the furnace hall is ignited, the furnace cover is quickly closed, resulting in lack of oxygen in the furnace, which makes the fuel in a semi-combustion state, thus producing carbon monoxide (commonly known as gas). Carbon monoxide reaches the mixer after being filtered by the gas transmission pipe and the coarse and fine filters, and forms combustible gas after being mixed with the outside air, and then enters the cylinder to generate power through spark ignition and explosion to drive the car to run.