1 Innovation divorced from social needs leads to mistakes.
One of the basic characteristics of innovation practice is the practicality of innovation results. The achievements of innovative practice must meet certain social needs, and only the innovative achievements that can meet social needs can be recognized by the society and used by the vast majority of people. People who are interested in innovative practice should correctly capture the information about social needs and determine the goals of innovative practice according to social needs. Some social needs are obvious needs, and some are invisible needs that the demanders themselves have not realized. If we can seize this intangible demand in time and develop products or services that can meet this demand, we can occupy the market ahead of time and put ourselves in a favorable position in the competition.
For example, when the dishwasher (Figure 7-9) was invented, produced and sold, the sales staff introduced its working principle and trumpeted how convenient it was, which could replace the function of washing dishes manually and disinfect dishes and chopsticks. But until now, dishwashers have not been widely accepted by families. The reason is that it can only automatically clean bowls and plates of a certain size and quantity. No matter how much, the cleaning time will not change. In fact, after washing dishes, the dishwasher itself needs to be cleaned, which is not as efficient, simple and harmless as described in the sales. So the dishwasher has not been accepted by the public since it was invented.
2 violation of scientific principles leads to innovation mistakes
The topic selection of innovative practice should be realized through hard work. If the goal set by the topic violates the basic scientific laws and the innovation work is divorced from the scientific requirements, then the goal is impossible to achieve in any case. Design scheme is the embodiment of some or some scientific and technological principles, therefore, any design scheme cannot violate the scientific and technological principles.
For example, someone wants to turn water into oil, and someone designs a perpetual motion machine, as shown in Figure 7- 10. These are all designs that violate scientific principles and are innovative works that cannot be realized.
Figure 7-9 Dishwasher
Figure 7- 10 perpetual motion machine
3 outdated information leads to innovation mistakes
Outdated information is one of the most easily overlooked reasons for innovation errors. In fact, when people have new ideas, they start to do them without consulting relevant materials, ignoring the current technical level of products or whether their ideas are similar. The result of this practical activity may be useful, but it is not novel. Such an invention is an outdated invention.
For example, in 2004, two students of the 24th Beijing Youth Science and Technology Innovation Competition were rejected by the Patent Office because their "patents" were not original. These two "patents" are called "three-dimensional Go" (Figure 7- 1 1) and "universal screwdriver" (Figure 7- 12), which were made by a high school student and a primary school student respectively. Results Through patent search, it was found that "3D Go" was applied 20 years ago, and "Universal screwdriver" had long been a patent. After hearing the sad news, the two students who worked hard for it were very sad.
For another example, the patent for double-ended matches has been applied for many times in China. Because there are often repeated applications for other people's registered patents in patent applications, the patent administration departments in many countries compile those frequently applied patents into a book to remind people engaged in patent inventions to pay attention. The following are some patents that have been repeatedly applied for by the Japan Patent Office: sharpening the end of a matchstick can be used as a toothpick; Advertisements can be posted on matchboxes; Coating gunpowder on the end of cigarettes can save matches and lighters; Paint fluorescent agent on the house number; Coating fluorescent agent on the bottle cap; Comb capable of automatically discharging hair care liquid; The two sides of the tie are designed with different patterns, and one tie is used as two; Seal the envelope with sewing machine and pull the seam to open it conveniently; Install an automatic switch on the handle of the electric iron, and automatically cut off the power supply as soon as you let go.
Figure 7- 1 1 stereoscopic weiqi
Fig. 7- 12 universal screwdriver
4 untimely lead to innovation mistakes
The realization of a technological invention needs the support of necessary technical means. If the technical means possessed by the society at that time were not enough to support the realization of the invention, even if there were good ideas, they could not turn them into real functions. If an invention is to be accepted by the society, it also needs the purpose of the invention to match the needs of the society at that time, otherwise it will also cause innovation mistakes and make the achievements of the invention unattended.
Failure is the mother of success.
People are eager for success, but failure on the road of innovation is inevitable. Failure makes people reflect, failure will make people awake, correctly sum up the experience and lessons of failure, and seek a more suitable way to explore. It is very important to treat and analyze every failure correctly. Many times, the terrible thing is not the failure itself, but that people do not treat failure correctly and eventually lose confidence, leading to greater failure. Such a vicious circle may lead to a lifetime of mediocrity.
For example, when Edison invented the electric lamp, he and his assistant tried 1000 kinds of materials repeatedly in order to find suitable materials for filament, but they all ended in failure. His assistant was very depressed and wanted to give up the project. He said to Edison, "Sir, we have failed 1000 times. It seems that there is no hope." But Edison smiled: "No, I don't think it's a failure. On the contrary, we have successfully discovered more than 1000 materials that are not suitable for filament. " Even if we didn't invent the electric light, future generations can be inspired by our exploration, take a thousand detours less and finally invent the electric light. "Later, after Edison and his assistants worked hard for a year, they finally invented the electric light (7- 13). This story should inspire us. Edison realized the value of his work, regardless of the temporary fame and fortune, but based on the benefit of the public, dare to be a ladder. This laid the foundation for Edison's success in his life. He not only faced failure positively, but also explained to his assistant the dialectical relationship between failure and success, that is, success breeds failure, which is a process from quantity to quality. In this way, I encouraged myself and my assistants to work harder and finally succeed.
Figure 7- 13 Edison's retro light bulb