Analysis of political calculation problems in senior high school: distribution mode China implements the distribution system in which distribution according to work is the main body and various distribution modes coexist, and distribution according to work is combined with distribution according to production factors.
Example 1(20 10 Anhui college entrance examination) Li is an engineer in a state-owned enterprise. Last year, the salary income was 36,000 yuan, the bonus was 8,000 yuan, and the personal patent transfer income was 5,000 yuan. The wife runs a self-employed grocery store with an annual income of 15000 yuan; There is a house for rent at home, with an annual income of 6000. Last year, Li's income distribution according to work and income distribution according to production factors were
A.44000 yuan 26000 yuan B.36000 yuan 19000 yuan C.49000 yuan 2 1000 yuan D.44000 yuan1000 yuan.
A brief analysis of D. In the family income, Li, as an employee of a state-owned enterprise, his salary and bonus income belong to distribution according to work, while his patent transfer income belongs to distribution according to production factors; The income of the wife's grocery store belongs to the distribution according to the results of personal labor; Its rental income belongs to distribution according to production factors.
Example 2 An employee works in a foreign-funded enterprise with an annual salary of 50,000 yuan; Part-time job in private enterprises in spare time, with an annual salary of 20 thousand yuan; Buying and selling stocks, dividends at the end of the year 1 10,000 yuan; Rental housing, annual income of 20 thousand yuan. The annual labor income of employees is
A. 65438+ ten thousand yuan B.9000 yuan C.8000 yuan D.7000 yuan
D. a brief analysis of labor income is income obtained through labor. Only the annual salary in the materials is labor income, that is, 5+2 = 70,000 yuan. Dividend income and rental income belong to non-labor income.
Analysis of political calculation problems in senior high school: interest rate deposit interest is the reward paid by banks for using depositors' deposits, and it is the value-added part of deposit principal. The amount of deposit interest depends on three factors: principal, deposit term and interest level. The calculation formula of deposit interest is: deposit interest = principal? Interest rate? Deposit term.
Example 1 (Fujian College Entrance Examination Volume 20 12) Assume that the benchmark exchange rate of RMB against the US dollar is 630.00, the annual interest rate of US dollar deposits is 3%, the one-year savings rate of RMB is 2.5%, and the one-year national debt rate is 3.7%. Regardless of other factors, the annual investment of 10000 yuan is correct.
A. RMB savings deposits are greater than the purchase of government bonds. B. After purchasing the national debt, it is more than converted into US dollars and deposited in US dollars.
C. Converting dollars into dollars is equivalent to buying government bonds. D. the dollar deposit after conversion into dollars is less than the RMB savings deposit.
B. 10000 RMB deposit 1 annual income is 10000 Brief analysis? 2.5%=250 yuan, and the income from purchasing one-year treasury bonds is 10000? 3.7%=370 yuan, converted into US dollars, the annual deposit income is (10000? 630)? 3%? 630=300 yuan.
Example 2(20 10 college entrance examination Zhejiang Volume) If the annual interest rate of country A is 1%, and the annual interest rate of country B is 3%, and the currency of country B depreciates against the currency of country A, and it is expected to depreciate by 2% after one year, then, without considering other factors, from the perspective of investment,
A. more funds will flow to country a.
C the capital flow between party a and party b is equal. D the capital flow between party a and party b is terminated.
A brief analysis. If 100 shares are invested, the principal and interest obtained in country A after one year will be101; If the principal and interest of investment in country B is 103, and a depreciation of 2% means that 100 is equivalent to the previous 98 units, then the principal and interest is 100? (1-2%)= 100.94. Without considering other factors, from the perspective of investment, more funds will flow to country A. ..
Example 3 (Shanghai College Entrance Examination in 2009) Migrant worker Xiao Zhang returned to his hometown to start a business and got a loan of 400,000 yuan from a local bank. The loan term is 2 years and the annual interest rate is 5%. If calculated according to compound interest, the loan interest that Xiao Zhang has to pay when the loan expires is
A.20,000 yuan B.40,000 yuan C.4 1 10,000 yuan D.42,000 yuan
C. The calculation of loan compound interest is a brief analysis of compound interest. Interest at the end of the previous period is incorporated into the principal, and interest generates interest. The first year's interest is 400 thousand? 0.05 = 20,000, and the interest in the second year is (40+2) 1 10,000? 0.05 = 2 1000, and the sum of them is 4 1000.
Example 4 (Guangdong Volume of College Entrance Examination in 2009) In the first half of a certain year, the interest rate of time deposits was 3.78% (lump sum deposit and withdrawal), and the consumer price index (CPI) rose by 7.9% year-on-year. At the beginning of the year, Xiao Zhang saved a semi-annual term of 6.5438 yuan +0 million yuan. When it expires,
A. Xiao Zhang's purchasing power of money has increased. B. Xiao Zhang's purchasing power of money has decreased.
C. Xiao Zhang's purchasing power of money has not changed. D.CPI changes have no effect on Xiao Zhang.
A brief analysis of b. CPI increase is greater than the deposit interest rate level, and purchasing power decreases, so choose B.
Example 5 (2007 College Entrance Examination Beijing Volume) The reform of the financial system has made the financial management methods of residents increasingly diversified. Xiaohua has RMB 7700. If the current exchange rate is US$ 65,438 +0 =7.7 yuan RMB, the one-year deposit rate of RMB is 3%, and US$ 4%, it is estimated that RMB will appreciate by US$ 65,438 +0 =7.5 yuan RMB after one year. Xiaohua's feasible best financial management plan is as follows.
A. If you deposit in RMB, you will get 8 142 yuan one year later. B if you deposit in RMB, you will get 793 1 yuan after one year.
C. If you deposit in USD, you will get 1057 USD one year later. D. If you deposit in dollars, you will get 1040 dollars one year later.
A brief analysis of B. The first step is to calculate the interest income of US dollar and RMB deposits respectively. According to the interest calculation formula and the meaning of the question, deposit in RMB, interest = principal 7700? Annual interest rate 3% =23 1 yuan (pre-tax interest); Dollar deposit, interest = principal 1000? Annual interest rate 4% = USD 40 (pre-tax interest). The second step is to calculate the principal and interest income of the above two methods according to the exchange rate after 1 year. Dollar deposit, equivalent to RMB: (1000+40)? 7.5 = 7800 yuan, deposited in RMB, with principal and interest of 7700+23 1 = 793 1. Obviously, saving RMB is cost-effective.
Analysis of political calculation problems in senior high school: the profit of enterprises is for profit, and the difference between GDP and production cost is profit. Improving economic benefits means less input, higher output and increased profits, and it is in a favorable position in the competition.
Example 1(20 1 1 National College Entrance Examination Edition) Last year, Party A used its own funds of 200,000 yuan to do small business, and after one year, it made a profit of 20,000 yuan, all of which was used for personal consumption. This year, Party A borrowed 654.38 million yuan at the interest rate of 6% to expand production. Assuming that the profit rate (profit/assets) of this enterprise is the same as last year, then the profit rate of A's own funds this year is
6% b . 10% c . 12% d . 15%
A brief analysis C. First, calculate the profit rate of last year 2? 20= 10%; This year's total assets (including borrowed funds of 6,543,800 yuan) are 20+654.38+ 00 = 300,000 yuan, because the profit rate is the same as last year. This year's profit is: gross profit of 300,000? 10% = 30,000 yuan, and the interest of 65,438+10,000 yuan will be deducted? 6%=6000 yuan; The net profit this year should be 24,000 yuan. So this year A's return on its own funds is 24,000? 200,000 = 65,438+02%.
Example 2(2008 College Entrance Examination Chongqing Volume) In the international market, an enterprise in China sells a certain commodity at the price of 10, and the cost of producing the commodity is RMB 14 yuan. Assuming that the exchange rate on the settlement date is US$ 65,438 +0 to RMB 7 yuan, the enterprise can make a profit in RMB ().
A.1400 million yuan B.56 million yuan C.70 million yuan D.98 million yuan
B's brief analysis first combines the exchange rate knowledge, and the price of each commodity expressed in RMB is 10? 7=70 yuan, and then calculate the total output value of the enterprise is 70? /kloc-0 1000000 = 700000000 yuan, and finally the cost is deducted, which is 70000000 yuan-14? 1 10,000 yuan = 56 million yuan.
Example 3 (Liaoning Volume of College Entrance Examination in 2009) At the beginning of the year, an enterprise had its own funds of 4 million yuan and bank loans of 6,543.8+0,000 yuan. In that year, the annual loan interest rate was 8%, and the gross profit margin (gross profit/total assets) of the enterprise was 654.38+00%, so the annual net profit of the enterprise was
29.2 million yuan 32 million yuan 39.2 million yuan 42 million yuan