Electric power-assisted bicycle
In the future, the new intelligent electric bicycle can ride briskly and travel more than 200 kilometers on a single charge. The operation and control are convenient, and only two push-button switches are used, one of which is a three-position push-button switch to change the speed setting of the third gear, and the other is a micro-button, which controls the conversion among the three running modes of the bicycle through different touch modes (1. Bicycle mode, riding by foot, independent of electricity, suitable for sports, used when electricity is exhausted; 2. A new intelligent electric power-assisted mode to realize intelligent electric power-assisted, which is suitable for climbing and long-distance riding; 3. 1+ 1 Operation mode, with both electric driving and human riding). The intelligent electric power-assisted bicycle runs safely and reliably. When riding in intelligent electric power-assisted mode, its rated maximum driving speed is 20 kilometers. The electric power-assisted control system of intelligent electric power-assisted bicycle adopts the self-innovative intelligent digital synchronous adaptive control scheme, which is novel and unique with low cost.
In order to reduce the number of motor vehicles, smart bicycles will be popularized in cities in the future. By then, bicycle "rental points" will be set up in subway stations and all residential areas, and the "rental points" will be all over the city. Public bicycles will be operated at low fees, and the cost of renting and riding public bicycles is definitely lower than the maintenance and parking fees spent on buying bicycles. The appearance of the new intelligent bicycle is different from that of the ordinary bicycle. Fashionable, equipped with baskets, convenient, environmentally friendly and energy-saving. Every car is equipped with GPS global positioning system, which is easy to find when it is overdue or lost. The design concept of bicycle emphasizes anti-theft, simplicity, portability, easy storage, easy maintenance, firmness and economy. Everyone who uses a bicycle needs to carry an ID card to apply for a real-name registration system magnetic card, which has personal identification records such as an ID card. When picking up a bicycle, you should swipe your card on the computer equipped with a bicycle frame. Anyone who doesn't return the bike will be read by the computer, which will greatly reduce the situation of "borrowing or not returning" the bike. When a citizen rents a public bicycle, the card must deposit enough lease guarantee fee in advance, which is equivalent to the deposit. When you swipe your card on the POS machine at the public bicycle rental point, the POS will charge a certain deposit; After using a good car, go to any public bicycle rental point and brush the POS machine again, and the original value of the deposit will be returned. Bicycles are maintained by special personnel every day, which saves citizens the trouble of maintaining and storing bicycles themselves. In addition, public bicycles allow travelers to freely choose the mode of transportation anytime and anywhere. Travelers can rent a bicycle in one place and return it in another. In addition, public bicycles have zero pollution and zero emission. This mode of transportation can effectively reduce traffic congestion, relieve traffic pressure, make better use of urban roads, avoid the waste of social resources, and reduce the travel cost of individuals and even society.
intelligent automobile
With the development of society, there are more and more cars, which not only slows down the speed, increases the number of traffic jams, but also increases the number of traffic accidents. Drivers must be highly nervous to avoid making mistakes. Can the machine look after the car for us? Scientists are also considering this problem. American scientists have studied this and achieved some results. These are some of their achievements: American researchers are currently designing a new smart car, which can automatically analyze road conditions and traffic flow, prompt the coming risks, and make correct driving choices, so as to avoid car accidents to the greatest extent.
This project is led by Sandia National Laboratory in New Mexico, USA. Smart cars that analyze drivers' brainwaves are thoughtful and smart. If you see yourself busy dealing with complicated traffic conditions and don't want to be distracted, it can help you turn off your mobile phone. Or it will ask you some targeted questions when you suspect that you can't cope with the road conditions because of distraction, so as to improve your vigilance.
Kevin Dickerson, a senior technician at Sandia National Laboratory, said, "This project is related to physics and psychology. If the driver really seems to have a headache with complicated traffic conditions, the smart car will take over the driver's mobile phone and send out a call delay reminder. Similarly, when the system determines that the driver is no longer visually disturbed, the GPS will close the display screen and use voice to read. When encountering some dangerous situations, smart cars will also borrow air force technology, for example, using female voice recording to warn the driver, or vibrating the joystick when the car is turned off. "
Smart cars can also automatically deal with potential dangers. In fact, smart cars are systems composed of smart cars and smart roads. At present, the conditions of intelligent roads are not available, but they can be solved technically. In case of traffic jam, the navigation system will guide the driver to detour, and can automatically start, accelerate or brake according to different road conditions and speed changes. The intelligent car consists of a road image recognition device, a small electronic computer and an automatic control system controlled by electrical signals. The road image recognition device is used to recognize complex road conditions.
As long as you press the button on the steering wheel to set the speed, the car can move forward at a predetermined speed without stepping on the accelerator. If there are other cars driving within a certain distance ahead, the smart car will automatically slow down and keep a certain distance from the front car. If the front car accelerates, the smart car will also accelerate automatically. This is mainly because the front of this car is equipped with radar, which can automatically detect the distance between this car and the preceding car, transmit the data to the computer for analysis, and then give instructions to the engine to calculate the appropriate speed. If the preceding car suddenly brakes, or other cars come in, the alarm system will also issue a warning to remind the driver to pay attention, and at the same time ask the driver to assist in manual braking. Smart car is different from ordinary auto-driving, which refers to auto-driving realized by GPS and intelligent highway technology. Smart cars first have a set of navigation information base, which contains information of national highways, ordinary highways, urban roads and various service facilities (restaurants, hotels, gas stations, scenic spots, parking lots); Secondly, the GPS positioning system is used to accurately locate the vehicle position and compare it with the data in the road database to determine the future driving direction; Road information system, which provides real-time road information such as traffic jams and accidents by the traffic management center, and changes the driving route in time when necessary; Vehicle collision avoidance system, including detection radar, information processing system and driving control system, controls the distance from other vehicles, slows down or brakes in time when obstacles are detected, and transmits information to the command center and other vehicles; Emergency alarm system, in case of accident, automatically report to the command center for rescue; The wireless communication system is used for communication between the automobile and the command center; Automatic driving system, used to control the ignition, speed change and steering of the car.
Smart car is a new type of high-tech car being developed. This kind of car doesn't need to be driven by people. People just sit comfortably in the car and enjoy high-tech achievements. Because this kind of car is equipped with TV cameras, electronic computers and automatic control systems which are equivalent to the eyes, brain and feet of a car, these devices are all equipped with very complicated computer programs, so this kind of car can "think", "judge" and "walk" like a human being, and can automatically start, accelerate and brake, and automatically bypass obstacles on the ground. In the complicated and changeable situation, its "brain" can improvise, automatically choose the best scheme and command the car to run normally and smoothly.
The "eyes" of a smart car are two TV cameras installed at the right front of the car, which are 50 cm apart from each other. There is a light-emitting device in the camera, which can emit a beam of light at the same time and meet at a certain distance. Only at this distance can images of objects be photographed and overlapped. "Eyes" can identify obstacles with a height exceeding 10 cm on the platform plane between 5 and 20 meters in front of the car. If there is an obstacle ahead, the eyes will send a signal to the brain. According to the signal and the local actual situation at that time, the "brain" will judge whether to pass, bypass, slow down or stop by emergency braking, choose the best scheme, and then instruct the "foot" of the car to stop, retreat or slow down by means of electrical signals. The "feet" of smart cars are the steering gear and brakes that control the running of cars.
The driverless smart car will be an important symbol of the rapid development of automobile technology in the new century. Fortunately, smart cars have moved from imagination to practice. With the rapid development of science and technology, I believe that in the near future, we will be able to appreciate the elegance of smart cars.
Therefore, the smart car is actually a system composed of smart cars and smart roads. At present, the conditions of intelligent roads are not yet available, but they can be solved technically. Before the goal of smart car is realized, there have been many intelligent technologies, which have been widely used in cars, such as intelligent wipers, which can automatically sense rain and rainfall and start and stop automatically; Automatic headlights, which can be turned on automatically when the light is insufficient at dusk; Intelligent air conditioner, which controls the air volume and temperature of air conditioner by detecting the temperature of human skin; Intelligent suspension, also known as active suspension, automatically controls the suspension stroke according to road conditions to reduce bumps; Anti-dozing system, by monitoring the driver's blinking, can determine whether he is tired or not, and stop and give an alarm when necessary ... The wide application of computer technology provides a broad prospect for the intelligence of cars.
electric vehicle
Electric vehicles can be roughly divided into battery electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. A common feature of electric vehicles is that they can achieve low and zero emissions by driving the motor completely or partially by electricity. Electric cars appeared in 188 1 year, earlier than diesel locomotives. However, diesel locomotives came from behind, far exceeding electric vehicles in performance, maneuverability, vehicle weight and other indicators. After reaching its peak in the1920s, electric vehicles have been depressed and become an auxiliary means of transportation in the form of "battery cars".
There were not only electric cars in the early days, but also electric trucks and buses. At the beginning of the 20th century, steam cars, electric cars and internal combustion engines were basically three pillars. Among the car ownership, steam cars account for 40%, electric cars account for 38%, and internal combustion engine cars only account for 22%. In the period of low performance of internal combustion engine, electric vehicles are very popular. Later, due to the discovery and large-scale exploitation of oil, the performance of internal combustion engine improved rapidly, and electric vehicles could not compete with diesel locomotives in speed and driving range, and gradually declined. From 1953 to 1955, the electric car completely disappeared from the road and entered the "sleeping period". Until today, when environmental problems increasingly threaten human health, electric vehicles have attracted human attention again.
solar powered auto
Solar energy is a new energy source, which is inexhaustible. Solar cars are driven by solar cells. When the sun shines on the solar panel on the car body, according to the photoelectric conversion principle, direct current can be generated immediately and supplied to the DC motor to run and drive the car. But this car with only solar panels will stop immediately when there is no light. If you want to keep the car running on cloudy days or at night, you should also use solar panels with batteries. When the sun shines, the solar panel generates electricity, and part of it is provided to the motor to drive the car; And the other part is used for charging the battery. In this way, when there is no sunshine, the battery discharge provides power for the motor to run and let the car run. Therefore, it can be considered that solar car is a hybrid car composed of solar energy and storage battery. Such a hybrid car can be a hybrid power composed of a wind turbine and an engine in deserts and grasslands, or a sail can be used as an auxiliary power of the car.
Alcohol-fueled automobile
Alcohol fuel (mainly alcohol and ethanol) is a clean alternative fuel for automobiles. Compared with gasoline and diesel, alcohol fuel has a large hydrogen-carbon ratio and is an oxygen-containing fuel (methanol molecular oxygen content reaches 50%, ethanol molecular oxygen content reaches 35%), and it is easier to burn completely than gasoline and diesel. In addition to traditional harmful emissions, carbon dioxide emissions are also lower than gasoline and diesel. In addition, methanol and ethanol are renewable resources, which can be made from some cheap raw materials, such as domestic garbage, straw, wood, sugar cane, grain, coal, coalbed methane and liquefied petroleum gas. , so the supply of alcohol fuel will not run out. Governments and automobile enterprises in developed countries such as the United States, Germany, Canada, France, Japan, Sweden and New Zealand have vigorously promoted the research, experiment, demonstration and popularization of alcohol fuels, which have been listed as clean fuels by the national parliament for development. Major automobile factories in the world are actively researching, developing and demonstrating a variety of alcohol-fueled vehicles with different schemes, such as specially optimized alcohol-fueled vehicles (once the mainstream of Brazilian cars), all-alcohol-fueled buses, large trucks and so on. And has made great progress in the technology of alcohol-fueled vehicles.