In our ordinary daily life, more and more affairs will use reports, and reports have become a new industry. So do you really know how to write a good report? The following is a survey report on water resources that I have compiled for you. Welcome to read and collect it. Investigation report on water resources 1
Present situation of water resources in China
The present situation of water resources in China is not optimistic. China is a country with severe drought and water shortage. The total amount of fresh water resources is 2.8 trillion cubic meters, accounting for 6% of the global water resources, ranking fourth in the world, second only to Brazil, Russia and Canada, but the per capita water resources are only 2,2 cubic meters, which is only 1/4 of the world average and 1/5 of the United States, ranking 121st in the world, making it one of the 13 countries with the poorest per capita water resources in the world. After deducting the hard-to-use floods and groundwater resources scattered in remote areas, the available fresh water resources in China are even less, only about 1.1 trillion cubic meters, and the per capita available water resources are about 9 cubic meters, and their distribution is extremely uneven. By the end of the 2th century, more than 4 of the more than 6 cities in China had water shortage problems, among which 11 cities were seriously short of water, with a total water shortage of 6 billion cubic meters.
according to the monitoring, the groundwater in most cities in China is polluted to a certain extent, and it is getting worse year by year. The increasingly serious water pollution not only reduces the use function of water bodies, but also aggravates the contradiction of water shortage, which has a serious impact on the sustainable development strategy being implemented in China, and also seriously threatens the drinking water safety of urban residents and the health of the people.
Assessment of water resources in China
In the early 198s, with the support of the Ministry of Water Resources, the first assessment of water resources was carried out nationwide, and the national water resources were evaluated according to the hydrometeorological data from 1956 to 1979.
(1) total precipitation. From 1956 to 1979, the average annual precipitation was 6.2 trillion cubic meters, equivalent to a depth of 648mm, which was about 2% lower than the global land average. Affected by climate and topography, the regional distribution of precipitation is extremely uneven, decreasing from the southeast coast to the northwest inland. The average annual precipitation in Taiwan Province Province is 2535mm, while the average annual precipitation depth in Tarim Basin and Qaidam Basin is less than 25 mm..
(2) River runoff. In China, about 56% of precipitation returns to the air through land evaporation, and the remaining 44% forms runoff. The national river runoff is 2.7 trillion cubic meters, equivalent to a runoff depth of 284 mm. Among them, the groundwater discharge is 678 billion cubic meters, accounting for about 27%; Glacier meltwater recharge is 56 billion cubic meters, accounting for about 2%; The inflow of water from abroad is about 17.2 billion cubic meters.
(3) soil water flux. According to the estimation of land surface evapotranspiration and groundwater discharge, the soil water flux in China is about 4.2 trillion cubic meters, of which about 16% is replenished to the groundwater aquifer by gravity, and finally discharged by rivers to form river-based flow, and the remaining 3.5 trillion cubic meters is consumed by soil and vegetation evapotranspiration.
(4) Groundwater resources. The amount of groundwater resources refers to the total amount of groundwater that is directly related to precipitation and surface water. According to the present situation of water resources development and utilization, the national average groundwater resources for many years is about 828.8 billion cubic meters, of which 676.2 billion cubic meters are distributed in hilly areas, 187.4 billion cubic meters are distributed in plain areas, and the repeated exchange between mountainous areas and plain areas is about 34.8 billion cubic meters.
(5) Total water resources. After deducting the duplication of mutual transformation between surface water and groundwater, the total water resources in China is 2.8 trillion cubic meters; Its 1.9 billion cubic meters of water, which is more than river runoff, is part of the water supplied by precipitation and surface water in plains, mountain valleys and basins. Under the condition of not exploiting groundwater, this part of water is consumed in the form of phreatic water evaporation. Through groundwater exploitation, part of water can be seized from evaporation and used. After calculation, the average annual phreatic evaporation is 84.4 billion cubic meters in the northern plain and 11.9 billion cubic meters in the southern plain.
Why is there water shortage in China
Experts believe that the main cause of water shortage in China is man-made. "The deeper the groundwater is pumped, the farther the water source is, the more and more cities take water from a long distance, and the higher the cost of water use". This is a true portrayal of China's current water shortage. Not only is there a shortage of water resources, but the pollution problem is becoming more and more serious: there is no surface water that can be directly drunk around all large and medium-sized cities in China, and the surface water that can be directly drunk is gradually decreasing in the vast rural areas.
Liang Xing, a professor at China Geo University, said that there is abundant raw water in the south of China, although there is little water in the north, it can maintain a certain balance. Now the rivers, rivers and lakes in the south are basically polluted, forming a water shortage; Due to the indiscriminate exploitation and overuse of groundwater in the north, water has become a scarce substance in the north. This is an artificially enlarged water shortage. Although the north is seriously short of water, it is using agricultural flood irrigation, wasting the already scarce water resources; The construction of paper mills and other seriously polluted enterprises has polluted precious surface water and even groundwater, resulting in more shortage of water resources. The water pollution problem in the south has not been contained, and the Huangpu River can best illustrate the problem. Because of the serious pollution of the water body, the water in the whole river is not drinkable. The problems in the Pearl River are also very serious. She said that it is urgent to rationally develop, utilize and protect water resources.
At present, there are at least 129 kinds of substances that pollute water, and the trend of expansion is obvious. Inorganic substances, heavy metals, organic substances, etc., can make organisms sick, die or lead to gene mutation. The treatment of water pollution is not a cutting-edge science, except for a small part of sewage that has not found a good treatment method, most sewage can be treated.
what should we do in the face of this severe water resource trend?
Kitchen water:
1. When cleaning cookware and tableware, if the oil stain is too heavy, you can use useless plastic bags to wipe off the oil stain first (the effect is very good), and then rinse it.
2. Washing dishes and chopsticks with rice washing water, boiled noodle soup and overnight tea can remove oil, save water consumption and the pollution of detergent.
3. For places with a lot of dirt or greasy dirt, you can first use a used tea bag (washed and baked) to smear the dirty place with some cooked oil, and then wipe it with a rag with detergent, which can easily remove dirt.
4. When washing vegetables and fruits, don't wash them directly under the tap, put them into a water container as far as possible, and adjust the washing order. For example, you can wash the leaf and fruit vegetables first, and then the root vegetables; Peel and remove mud from vegetables with skin first, and then clean them. When flushing, the water volume should be as small as possible.
5. The water for washing vegetables at last can be used as the first water for washing dishes after meals.
6. Do not use water to help thaw food.
Personal cleaning water:
7. Don't turn on the tap all the time when washing hands, washing face and brushing teeth, but drain water intermittently. For example, when washing hands and face, turn off the tap when soaping, and when brushing your teeth, turn off the tap after the cup is filled with water. Turn down the tap water when washing your hands.
8. Reduce the number of bath times. When taking a bath, control the water discharge, which is about one third of the water in the bathtub.
9. Collect the clean water released for preheating and use it for washing clothes.
1. When taking a bath, stand in a collecting container and collect the used water for flushing the toilet or wiping the floor. Don't turn on the shower nozzle for a long time. If the temperature permits, wet your body and hair first, then turn off the shower nozzle, use bath and shampoo, and clean it for the last time.
12. Taking a bath too often is not good for skin health, and it is most suitable to take 2 ~ 4 times a month in early spring. Shower can save up to 8% more water than tub bath. Shower intermittently, don't be afraid of trouble when scrubbing, and turn off the water flow in time; The water after bath can be used for washing clothes, flushing toilets and mopping the floor. When using the shower nozzle to take a shower, master the adjustment of the ratio of cold and hot water; Don't leave the sprinkler on all the time, let alone open the water. Take a bath quickly, turn off the shower nozzle when your head and feet get wet, rub it with soap or bath liquid and rinse it at once; Don't wash clothes "by the way" when taking a bath; Don't fill the bathtub with bath water, 1/3-1/4 basin is enough.
Water for laundry:
13. Concentrate on washing clothes and reduce the number of laundry.
14. Reduce the use of washing machines, try not to use the full-use mode, and wash small clothes by hand.
15. When rinsing small pieces of clothes, turn down the faucet, rinse with running water, and collect the used water in the empty basin below, instead of receiving several pots of water, rinse for many times. This not only makes it easy to rinse, but also reduces the total water consumption and recycles the collected water.
16. The rinsed water can be used as washing water for the next laundry or used to wipe the floor.
17. Washing powder should be properly added when washing clothes, and phosphorus-free washing powder should be selected to reduce pollution.
18. clothes should be washed centrally, and the number of laundry should be reduced as much as possible; Small pieces and a small amount of clothes advocate hand washing; Proper amount of detergent should be put in, and excessive amount of detergent will cause a lot of waste of water. When washing a small amount of clothes, the water level is set too high, which not only makes the clothes not clean but also wastes water; Washing clothes together can also save water; Leaving the rinse water for washing dirty clothes can save a lot of fresh water
Water saving in the bathroom:
19. If conditions permit, please choose a new type of water-saving toilet.
2. If you use a non-water-saving old toilet, you can put a drink bottle full of water in the water tank of the toilet to reduce the flushing volume. (Note: This method should pay attention not to hinder the movement of water in the water tank. )
21. The toilet is not a trash can. Don't dump leftovers and other sundries into the toilet to avoid the waste caused by washing these sundries. No matter how big or small the garbage is, it should be removed from the garbage passage, not washed away with water through the toilet.
22. Collect laundry, vegetables and bath water to flush the toilet.
23. Check the water tank equipment regularly, replace or repair it in time, and don't put cleaning items such as detergent into the water tank, which may lead to the aging of rubber and rubber pads in the water tank, leading to leakage and waste.
24, to reduce the flushing water. It's best to change into a water-saving toilet. If the water tank of the toilet is too large, it can be replaced with two-stop water tank accessories; Diagnosis of water tank leakage in toilet. When the inlet valve fails, the water will flow away from the overflow. The failure of the drain valve will cause long running water in the toilet, and the water inlet pipe will keep supplying water to the water tank; Use clean waste water in the family to flush the toilet, so that one water can be used for multiple purposes.
Other water consumption:
25. When eating out, change dishes as little as possible, and reduce the amount of dishes washed in restaurants, thus reducing water consumption.
26. Get into the good habit of turning off the tap.
27. Clean the vehicle with reclaimed water.
28. Educate children to save water and encourage them not to play water-consuming games.
29. Don't waste the leftover tea and mineral water to water the flowers.
3. Don't dump the remaining water in the kettle before filling it. It can be collected with other circulating water for reuse.
31. Adjust the tap water valve to control the water quantity, and form the habit of intentionally turning down the tap, so as to save considerable water.
32. Choosing vegetable wax to wash the car without water is not only water-saving but also conducive to car maintenance.
33. Pay attention to the frost crack prevention treatment of outdoor water pipes in winter. Investigation report on water resources 2
Investigator: ***
Investigation time: 2xx-4-17
Investigation location: surrounding rivers and lakes
Investigation contents: About water resources in my hometown
Investigation methods: Consulting maps, materials and field visits
Investigation results: Due to the characteristics of water resources in China, Shandong province is more special, which leads to the uneven distribution of water resources, which gradually decreases from the southeast coast to the northwest inland, which is incompatible with the distribution of population and land resources. The two major water systems, the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, are on the north and south sides of China, respectively, and contain abundant water resources.
zouping county is located in the overlapping zone of Yishan District in Lutong, Thailand and the Yellow River Plain in northern Shandong, bordering Zibo in the east, Jinan, the capital of Shandong Province in the west, Jiaoji Railway in the south, and the Yellow River in the back, and Jiqing Expressway crosses its territory.
zouping county is short of water resources, accounting for less than half of the national population. The Yellow River water has become an important water resource in zouping county. Only by making good use of the Yellow River water resources can we achieve real sustainable development.
The Yellow River water is an important source of water in northwest and north China, but it is very limited, and it has been cut off for many times. The average flow for many years is 58 billion m3/a, which is equivalent to 1/2 of the flow of the Yangtze River. However, the actual available flow is only 37 billion m3/a.. Because the Yellow River is located in the eastern part of Asia, it is located in a densely populated area. With the population growth in the areas along the Yellow River and the rapid development of industrial and agricultural production, the water consumption has also increased sharply. The Yellow River water has gradually failed to meet the water demand on both sides of the strait, and the contradiction in the supply of the Yellow River water has become increasingly fierce. The Yellow River is frequently cut off due to precipitation, and the water crisis has seriously restricted the production and development of industry and agriculture in the river basins on both sides.
Only by strengthening management, adopting a series of measures to carry out reforms, strengthening the allocation of water resources, and implementing the responsibilities of all levels of departments can our mother river be forever "young", which is the ultimate goal of harnessing and developing the Yellow River.
The Yellow River water moistens the land of Liangzou and promotes the healthy, sustained and rapid development of zouping county's industrial and agricultural economy. Only by protecting it well can it become a strong pillar of sound and rapid economic and social development in zouping county. Investigation Report on Water Resources 3
The severe water resources problem in China has once again become the focus of public attention. We should fully realize that saving and protecting water resources and realizing the sustainable utilization of water resources have a long way to go. So important, water nourishes human beings, but at the same time, it makes human beings face the survival and security crisis brought by the water environment. In this regard, I made an investigation on the general situation of water resources and water pollution in Yongchang County:
The main source of surface runoff in Yongchang County is atmospheric precipitation, with an average annual precipitation of 127,26 cubic meters, an average annual runoff depth of 161.5 mm, and an average annual runoff of .613 billion cubic meters, with a guaranteed rate of 2% and a guaranteed rate of .2341 billion cubic meters in a particularly dry year. Main aquifers in Yongchang County: (1) Quaternary pore water aquifer; (2) Permian sandstone fractured aquifer; (3) Carbonate Ordovician limestone fractured karst aquifer; (4) Weathering fissure of igneous rock and fissure water invading the contact zone of surrounding rock; (5) The fractured karst aquifer of oolitic limestone in the Middle Cambrian Zhangxia Formation. There are four main water supply sources in Yongchang County, namely Xinchengzi Oral Water Source, Hongshanyao Water Source, Jiaojiazhuang Water Source and Dongqinghe Water Source.
The chemical types of groundwater temperature in Dongqinghe Koutou water source area are relatively simple, and it is a good drinking water source area. In 1993, the East Qinghe region developed the "East Water Supply" project, which was mainly used for Zhuwangbao, Shuiyuan and other townships along the way.