I. Organization and planning of general project contracting
Definition of general project contracting
General project contracting refers to the whole process or several stages of the design, procurement, construction and commissioning of a construction project according to the contract. The general project contract can be the whole process contract or the phased contract. The scope, contracting methods, responsibilities and rights of general contracting of projects are stipulated in the contract.
organization of project general contracting management
the top management should ensure that the responsibilities and authorities of relevant positions in the organization are assigned, communicated and understood. In "Quality Management System Requirements" GB/T 191, "organization" is defined as a person or a group of people whose functions are composed of responsibilities, authorities and relationships. Organizational structure is a framework system that is formally determined by the organization to allocate, combine and coordinate tasks. In the actual project management activities, the top managers should reasonably set up the organizational structure, establish the project management mechanism, and allocate functions and rights, including selecting suitable personnel to engage in a certain job. The organizational structure and positions are not static, and should be optimized and adjusted in combination with the internal and external environment of the organization to improve organizational performance and achieve organizational goals. From the perspective of organizational behavior, it is very important to form a general contracting project team in project management. Without a high-quality team, there will be no high-quality project, and the establishment of a suitable project management team according to the project objectives is the premise and guarantee for the success of the project.
requirements for general contracting projects
in the quality management system requirements GB/T 191, "requirements" are the concrete and clear embodiment of the needs or expectations of customers or other interested parties. The needs and expectations of customers and interested parties are sometimes vague and abstract. Making these needs and expectations clear, explicit and direct will form a "requirement". The organization should not only understand the customer's requirements for products and services, but also understand the requirements of relevant parties because the relevant parties have influence or potential influence on the organization's ability to provide products and services that meet the customer's requirements and applicable laws and regulations. On the basis of fully understanding customers and other related requirements, review relevant requirements to determine whether the organization has the ability to meet the requirements of customers and related parties. Customer resource is one of the most important strategic resources of engineering enterprises, and it is the premise and foundation for the survival and development of engineering construction enterprises. Winning and owning customers means that engineering construction enterprises have the reason to survive in the market, and winning customers, owning customers and managing customers are the power source for engineering enterprises to obtain sustainable development. Engineering enterprises should aim at customer satisfaction, and meeting customer requirements is the premise and foundation of customer satisfaction. On the premise of meeting the requirements of customers and interested parties, engineering construction enterprises should maintain good and effective communication with them, reduce conflicts with customers and interested parties, and provide quality services to customers. While improving customer satisfaction, improve the reputation of engineering enterprises and win the market.
planning and control of engineering general contracting
in order to meet the requirements of product and service provision and implement the measures determined in response to risks and opportunities, the organization should plan, implement and control the required quality management system and its process through the following measures: determining the requirements of products and services; Establish criteria for the acceptance of processes, products and services; Determine the required resources to make products and services meet the requirements; Implement process control according to the standards; Determine, maintain and retain written information to the necessary extent, so as to ensure that the process has been carried out according to the plan and to confirm that the products and services meet the requirements.
the planned output should be suitable for the operation of the organization. The organization shall control the planned changes, review the consequences of unexpected changes, and take measures to mitigate the adverse effects when necessary. The organization should ensure that the outsourcing process is under control, and the project planning should meet the contract requirements, and at the same time, it should meet the requirements of the project location on social environment, supporting conditions, project stakeholders, as well as the requirements of the project on technology, quality, safety, cost, progress, occupational health, environmental protection, relevant policies and laws and regulations. The scope of project planning should cover all elements involved in the whole process of project activities. Project planning also involves the optimization and deepening of the project, considering the cost issues such as emergency conditions, modularization and prefabricated buildings. Project planning should be combined with the characteristics of the project, according to the requirements of the contract and the management of the general contracting enterprise, define the project objectives and scope of work, analyze the project risks and the countermeasures taken, and determine the management principles, measures and processes of the project.
the key work of general contracting organization and planning
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First, in the organization and management of general contracting, we should pay attention to: the management principles of general contracting projects; Appoint a project manager and set up a project department; The function and post setting and management of the project department; Competency requirements of personnel in each position of the project department; Responsibilities and authority of the project manager, etc.
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Second, in the relevant requirements of general contracting projects, we should pay attention to: customer communication; Determine the relevant requirements of the project; Review of relevant requirements of the project; Risk assessment of relevant requirements of the project; Changes in relevant requirements of the project; Project bidding management requirements; Relevant requirements of the project and knowledge management of bidding quotation, etc.
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Thirdly, in the planning and control of general contracting, we should pay attention to: the planning and control of general contracting business of enterprises; Project planning and control; Planning of project risk and opportunity management; Planning and control of project knowledge management.
II. Design and development of general contracting projects
Design is the premise of doing a good job in general contracting projects
The organization should establish, implement and maintain appropriate design and development processes to ensure the provision of subsequent products and services. The design and development of products and services is an important process of product realization, which plays an extremely important role in whether the products and services produced can finally meet the requirements of customers and laws and regulations, and whether they can meet the strategic requirements of the organization, including those of interested parties. The organization shall plan, input, control, output and change the design and development.
design should meet the contract requirements
design is the process of translating the requirements of the project developer into the product description of the project, that is, the process of compiling the design documents of the construction project according to the contract requirements. The design shall meet the technical performance, quality standards agreed in the contract and the requirements of constructability, operability and maintainability of the project.
design control requirements
according to the characteristics of the general contracting project, it should fully reflect the characteristics of the general contracting project, consider the scheme optimization when bidding, the deepening design in the design stage, the application of new materials, new equipment, new processes and new technologies, and the requirements of information technology (including the application of BIM, etc.), project excellence, construction drawing review and cooperation, the interface relationship between design and procurement and construction, and the guiding role of design in trial operation.
key work of design and development
In design and development, we should pay attention to: design contract control; Design planning; Design input; Design control; Design output; Design changes; Control of design subcontracting; Design and procurement, construction and commissioning interface control, etc.
III. Procurement management of general contracting project
Definition of procurement
Procurement refers to the process of obtaining equipment, materials and services from outside the execution organization in order to complete the project, including the process of purchasing, expediting, inspection and transportation.
procurement is an important link in the whole process management of EPC project general contracting, and it is the profit core of the project. Its work includes: selecting inquiry manufacturers, compiling inquiry documents, obtaining quotations, evaluating bids, negotiating contracts, signing procurement contracts, expediting and inspection, transportation and delivery, and warehouse management. Generally speaking, procurement in a broad sense includes procurement of equipment and materials, design, construction and labor procurement. The procurement introduced in this paper refers to the procurement of equipment and materials, and the procurement of design, construction, labor and lease is called project subcontracting.
purchasing
the purchasing department should purchase materials according to the technical requirements and purchasing documents put forward by the design department, and strictly control the quality of purchased products. According to the procurement plan and combined with the actual progress of the project, through bidding, negotiation and other means, select qualified suppliers, sign material supply and service contracts at economical and reasonable prices, organize manufacturing supervision, expediting delivery, logistics and transportation, installation and debugging, acceptance, data handover, receiving, dispatching and storage of all materials in the project with high quality and efficiency, control the quantity, price and progress of material procurement through the whole process management of project procurement, and implement the concept of project procurement life cycle cost.
procurement control requirements
the general contracting enterprise should control the procurement process of the general contracting project and the quality of the purchased products to ensure that the purchased materials meet the contract requirements and the engineering use requirements.
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The general contracting enterprise shall determine and implement the criteria for supplier evaluation, selection, re-evaluation, performance monitoring and post-evaluation according to the requirements of technology, quality, occupational health and safety, environment, supply capacity, price, after-sales service and reliable supply sources of the general contracting project, and based on the qualifications, capabilities and performance of suppliers.
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Records of supplier evaluation, selection, performance monitoring and re-evaluation shall be kept. Under the following circumstances, it should be determined to control the processes, products and services provided by suppliers: First, the products and services provided by suppliers will form part of the general contracting project. For example, equipment, components and building materials purchased from external suppliers for general contracting projects, as well as technical services and technical guidance provided by suppliers; Second, under special circumstances, products, processes or services provided directly to customers by suppliers on behalf of the enterprise.
The key work of procurement management
In project procurement management, we should pay attention to: the formulation of project procurement principles; Supplier management; Procurement contract management; Procurement procedures; Procurement execution plan; Control of procurement; Interface control between procurement and design, construction and trial operation; External supplier management, etc.
IV. Process control of general contracting project
Production and service should be provided under controlled conditions
The process of production and service provision directly affects the quality of products or services. The organization of general contracting should determine the requirements, consider and effectively control all activities related to the process of providing production services according to the nature of products or services, so as to meet the various requirements of the organization or customers.
process control of general contracting project
control is one of the important activities of project management, and the purpose of control is to make the quality of products and services meet the requirements of customers and laws and regulations. The object of control includes the activities at all stages of the whole process of product and service formation. In order to effectively control the project-related activities, the organization needs to set appropriate requirements, make all relevant personnel comply with the specified requirements, take measures to meet the requirements, provide the expected products and services, and identify the areas that need to be improved. Control is dynamic, because the project requirements will change with the progress of time. Therefore, organizations need to constantly study new control methods to better meet the new requirements. Project control is the whole process that the project manager compares the original plan (or established goal), finds out the deviation, analyzes the reasons, studies the corrective measures and implements the corrective measures according to the information provided by project tracking. The implementation process control of general contracting project mainly includes comprehensive change control, scope change control, quality control, risk control, cost control and schedule control.
principles of implementation process control of general contracting project
the general contracting project department should control the whole process of implementation of general contracting project to ensure that the project implementation process is always under control. The implementation process of EPC project includes project start-up, planning, implementation, control and closing, etc. The project management includes project progress, quality, safety and environment, cost, resources, communication and information, contract, risk and closing, etc.
Requirements for process control of general contracting project
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The project manager should exercise the project management function and implement the project manager responsibility system;
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The project department shall obtain the applicable laws and regulations, technical standards and specifications, acceptance specifications, work instructions, engineering drawings, general contracting contracts, design subcontracts, procurement contracts, construction subcontracts and other documents, and implement them as required;
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Monitoring and measuring resources suitable for the project shall be allocated and implemented. For the process that the results of the process in the general contracting of the project cannot be verified by the subsequent inspection and test, it should be determined in the planning, and the equipment used, the qualification of personnel, the specific methods and procedures used, etc. should be clearly defined, and reconfirmed when necessary;
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In the stage of engineering survey and design, the general contracting enterprise of the project should deepen the design according to the contract requirements, do a good job in investment control and control the design progress of the construction drawing. The construction drawing shall be analyzed for design constructability to ensure the engineering quality. After the completion of the construction drawing design, the design should cooperate with the project change to review and revise the construction drawing;
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In the project procurement (subcontracting) work, organize to sign the procurement (subcontracting) contract, make the procurement (subcontracting) contract disclosure, execute the procurement (subcontracting) contract, summarize and evaluate the procurement (subcontracting), etc.
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In the process of construction and commissioning management, we should focus on quality control, safety, occupational health and environmental protection control, schedule control, contract and cost management, file (information) management, risk management and communication and coordination management.
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after the project enters the final stage, the site cleaning, project completion settlement, completion data transfer, project summary, project team performance appraisal, EPC project department dissolution, project warranty and return visit should be carried out;
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The project shall be divided and submitted for approval, and the quality control points, grades and inspection lots shall be determined according to the project division;
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The project department shall carry out site inspection and acceptance on raw materials, equipment and components, and conduct re-inspection on materials with re-examination requirements as required;
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Monitoring and measurement resources should be used correctly to implement monitoring and measurement;
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Measures should be taken to prevent human error. Measures may include: adding signs; Set warning, linkage and limit devices; Improve the performance of tools; Replace manual work with automation; Implement pre-shift training and post-shift inspection, and implement model guidance when necessary; Create a good working environment and humanistic environment, arrange a reasonable shift time, and prevent the operators from being overtired;
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The process, acceptance and delivery of final products and post-delivery activities shall be controlled according to the specified requirements.
key work to be paid attention to in the implementation process control of general contracting project
In the process of project implementation control, we should pay attention to: project construction management; Interface control between construction and design, procurement and trial operation; Project commissioning management; Interface control between commissioning and design, procurement and construction; Project risk management; Project quality management; Occupational health, safety and environmental management of the project; Project schedule management; Project cost management; Project resource management; Project communication and information management; General contracting contract management; Project closing; Identification and traceability management; Property control of customers or external suppliers; Protection of general contracting projects; Services after the handover of general contracting projects; Control of changes in general contracting projects; Control of the release of general contracting projects; Control of nonconforming products in general contracting projects.
V. Performance evaluation of general contracting project
Performance evaluation
The organization should evaluate the performance through monitoring, measurement, analysis and evaluation, internal audit and management review activities, determine and select improvement opportunities, and take necessary measures.