1 Transgenic crops themselves can evolve into farmland weeds.
Affect other species through gene drift.
3 Threats to biodiversity
Genetically modified foods may produce allergic reactions.
Antibiotic marker genes can make people and animals resistant to drugs.
Food may be poisonous.
1 Transgenic crops themselves can evolve into farmland weeds.
Due to the introduction of new foreign genes, transgenic crops have gained or strengthened their survival competition and reproductive ability, making them stronger than their parents or wild species in growth potential, overwintering, tolerance and seed yield. If planted, these transgenic crops will have a great chance to be released into the natural environment, because they have all kinds of resistance that wild plants do not have, and will quickly become a new dominant population, and then may evolve into farmland weeds. For example, transgenic rape with herbicide resistance and self-sowing characteristics has been commercialized in Canada. Only a few years later, weed rape plants resistant to various herbicides (including glyphosate, herbicide fixation and pesticide maintenance) were found in their farmland. According to experts' prediction, this weedy transgenic rape will become the grassland of Canada.
The most harmful weed in this area.
Affect other species through gene drift.
Under natural conditions, gene drift may occur within cultivated species, between cultivated crops and their related wild species, and between cultivated crops and weeds. For example, the Mexican corn pollution incident, which has aroused widespread concern, is that wild corn in remote mountainous areas of Mexico is contaminated by DNA fragments of genetically modified corn, and the pollution rate is as high as 35%. Some herbicide-resistant, insecticide-resistant and antiviral genes in transgenic crops may be transferred to their same species or related wild species through pollen hybridization, thus obtaining the stress-resistant characteristics of transgenic organisms and posing a serious threat to other crops. However, the co-evolution of natural organisms or the confrontation between biological and abiotic inhibitors will eventually lead to adaptation or elimination. Long-term large-scale planting of transgenic insect-resistant crops may make target pests or non-target pests resistant to toxin proteins at the population level, and may produce more infectious and pathogenic "super pests", causing greater harm. The results showed that Bt transgenic cotton had good resistance to the first and second generations of cotton bollworm, but the third and fourth generations of cotton bollworm had resistance to transgenic cotton.
3 Threats to biodiversity
As an exotic variety, transgenic crops often have a strong "selection advantage", which may affect the genetic structure of plant gene pool, eliminate species and other genetic resources in the original habitat, lead to a single trend of species, lead to a sharp decline in biomass, and even make the original species extinct, leading to the loss of biodiversity. The occurrence of the Mexican corn incident has seriously threatened the corn biodiversity resources in the world corn origin center and defiled Mexico's "sanctity of the corn mother". Insect-resistant genes of insect-resistant crops not only directly act on target pests, but also directly or indirectly harm non-target pests, thus affecting biodiversity.
Genetically modified foods may produce allergic reactions.
There are many allergens in natural conditions. Transgenic crops usually insert specific gene fragments to express specific protein. If the expressed protein is a known allergen, it may cause adverse reactions in allergic people. For example, in order to increase the content of sulfur-containing amino acids in soybeans, researchers transferred the 2S albumin gene from Brazil nuts to soybeans, and 2S albumin was allergic, which led to allergic reactions in some soybeans that people were not allergic to. Finally, commercial production of genetically modified soybeans is prohibited. Even if the expressed protein is an unknown allergen, it needs to be evaluated as long as it is expressed in the edible part of transgenic crops.
Antibiotic marker genes may lead to drug resistance in humans and animals.
Antibiotic resistance gene is a commonly used marker gene in transgenic plant food at present. It is transferred into the target crop together with the inserted target gene, which helps to screen and identify transformed cells, tissues and regenerated plants in plant genetic transformation. There is no safety problem in the marker gene itself. A controversial issue is that it may be transferred at the genetic level. For example, antibiotic marker genes may be transferred to intestinal microbial epithelial cells, thus reducing the effectiveness of antibiotics in clinical treatment. Although the current research shows that this possibility is very small, the use of antibiotics in humans and animals and the resistance of intestinal microorganisms to antibiotics should still be considered when evaluating potential health problems.
Food may be poisonous.
Some researchers believe that artificial extraction and addition of genes may not only achieve some effects achieved by people, but also increase and accumulate trace toxins in food. In addition, the residual toxins and protease activity inhibitors in insect-resistant crops may be harmful to human and animal health, because the leaves, fruits and seeds containing toxins and protease activity inhibitors in insect-resistant crops may damage the digestive system function of insects biting their leaves, causing similar harm to people and animals. The toxicity of genetically modified food is mainly tested by some related animal experiments. During the period of 1998, Dr. Putsai of Rowett Institute in Scotland fed rats with potatoes bearing the lectin gene (GNA), which led to abnormal organ growth, weight loss and impaired immune system. This result caused a sensation at that time. Although the Royal Society later organized a special review and pointed out that the experiment had six defects, it still aroused public doubts about the safety of genetically modified food.
Three well-known transgenic experiments or public events.
1. Pustai incident
The international debate on the safety of genetically modified crops began with the "Pustai Incident" in 1998. This autumn, Pustai, a research scientist in lovett, Scotland, announced on TV that he had fed the mice with potato transgenic with snowdrop lectin gene, and the weight of the mice was seriously reduced, the weight of organs was reduced, and the immune system was damaged. This incident quickly attracted the attention of the whole world, and people began to question genetic modification.
2. The Monarch Butterfly Incident
From 65438 to 0999, Losey of Cornell University reported that feeding monarch butterfly larvae with milk grass mixed with Bt transgenic insect-resistant corn pollen in the laboratory would lead to death. This result is interpreted as the threat of transgene to non-target insects. According to this, "environmental protection" organizations suggest that the production and sale of genetically modified corn should be restricted.
3. Mexican corn incident
200 1 found a genetic pollution problem of Mexican corn is more important. There is also an article published in Nature 200 1 about the event that Mexican corn was contaminated by genetically modified corn. Mexico does not grow genetically modified corn itself, which is prohibited by laws and regulations, but imports genetically modified corn from the United States as feed. The result may be that some farmers plant genetically modified corn and pollute the local corn after planting. Mexico is the origin of corn. If the genetic diversity of maize origin is polluted and the local genetic structure of maize is destroyed, the pollution problem will be very serious.
The fourth point. The problem of genetically modified food in China.
The security of 1. is widely questioned, but it accelerates the commercialization process.
2. Without the core patent, I'm afraid I have to pay patent fees for eating vegetables.
3. The first country to eat crabs.
The security of 1. is widely questioned, but it accelerates the commercialization process.
In August 2009, the Ministry of Agriculture approved the production and application safety certificates of transgenic insect-resistant rice "Huahui 1" and "Bt Shanyou 63";
On June 5438+ 10, 2009, "Huahui 1" and "Bt Shanyou 63" appeared in the "Approved List of the Second Batch of Safety Certificates for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms in 2009" published by China Biosafety Network, which caused heated debates among professionals and NGOs.
On June 27th, 2009 165438+20091October 27th, the Ministry of Agriculture approved the safety certificates of two kinds of genetically modified rice and one kind of genetically modified corn, which also made China the first country in the world to approve the transgenic cultivation of staple crops.
20 10 "Several Opinions of the State Council, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Strengthening Urban and Rural Development and Further Consolidating the Foundation of Agricultural and Rural Development" (No.1 Document of the Central Committee) puts forward: "On the basis of scientific evaluation and legal management, promote the industrialization of new genetically modified varieties." In 20 10, the first legislation in the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) was the transgenic research and commercialization law. Legislative task: transgenic research and commercialization law.
2. Without the core patent, I'm afraid I have to pay patent fees for eating vegetables.
Jiang Gaoming, chief researcher of Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, pointed out that two kinds of genetically modified rice that have just obtained safety certificates involve at least a dozen foreign patents. Among the other five transgenic rice lines being developed in China, each line involves at least 10 foreign patents. Many holders of these foreign patents are large multinational agricultural chemical companies. In addition, some genetically modified rice are restricted by other foreign ownership and legal contracts because their original materials come from foreign institutions. These transgenic technologies suspected of foreign patents are no problem for scientific research. Once commercialized, they will be charged high patent fees, which laid the foundation for China's food sovereignty. ! ! " .
China is applying for commercial planting, and the eight transgenic rice lines under study involve at least 28 foreign patented technologies. In other words, none of the transgenic rice lines in China have independent intellectual property rights. Patent fees may become "Time Bob! ! ! None of the eight genetically modified rice lines that are being applied for commercial planting and under research in China have independent intellectual property rights, and the above eight genetically modified rice lines involve at least 28 foreign patented technologies. These patents belong to Monsanto, Bayer and DuPont. It will also affect the food security of 13 billion people.
In addition to patent issues, there are hidden traps like material transfer agreements.
What the United States has done to Argentina will hurt us! ! ! !
Fifth, genetic modification goes against the philosophy of natural development.
Natural selection is the harshest choice, it is an inseparable part of truth, and natural forces are ultimately destructive to life. Destroy any defective living species. Therefore, the biological species that can survive through natural selection have the most perfect, excellent and dynamic characteristics, and natural selection selects the strongest and best species to enter the biological chain circulation circle.
However, while blindly pursuing benefits, human beings have broken the boundaries between science and nature, trying to turn the results of thousands of years of natural selection into tangible benefits. This is another time for mankind to break the balance of nature, and mankind will surely reap the consequences and be retaliated by nature! ! ! Haven't we been retaliated by nature? The price is not heavy enough! Why can't you wake up after paying the price? Now, why do many of us get scared after watching 20 12? Not only because we destroy nature, we are afraid of retribution.