Analysis on the Development Status and Problems of Foreign-funded Enterprises in Hunan Province
Opening to the outside world is a long-term basic national policy of China. After China's entry into WTO, it is of great significance to comprehensively evaluate the development status of foreign-funded enterprises in Hunan, analyze the existing problems and sum up successful experiences, so as to promote the opening up and better promote the further development of foreign-funded economy in our province. We use the data of the second basic unit census in Hunan Province (hereinafter referred to as "Kipp data"), the industry annual report data and related surveys to briefly analyze the present situation and problems of the development of foreign-funded enterprises in Hunan Province for the reference of relevant leaders and departments.
First, the development status and characteristics
1. The total scale continues to expand and the industry categories are fully developed. Since the Ninth Five-Year Plan, especially in recent years, foreign-invested enterprises in our province have developed rapidly and the total scale has been expanding. According to Kipp's data, there were 994 foreign-funded enterprises in Hunan * * with 109700 employees on1October 30th, 2006. Covering the whole province 14 cities and states, spanning 64 industries (categories). The paid-in capital was 65.438+07.297 billion yuan, and the operating income of that year was 65.438+094.5438+000 million yuan. From the geographical distribution of foreign-funded enterprises in our province, there are 42 1 enterprises in Changsha, accounting for 42.3% of the province; Xiangtan 9 1, accounting for 9.1%of the whole province; 85 in Zhuzhou, accounting for 8.5% of the province; Chenzhou has 8 1, accounting for 8.1%of the whole province; 72 in Changde, accounting for 7.2% of the province; 69 in Hengyang, accounting for 6.9% of the province; There are 44 Yiyang, accounting for 4.4% of the province; Yueyang 42, accounting for 4.2% of the province; 24 in Yongzhou, accounting for 2.4% of the province; 20 in Zhangjiajie, accounting for 2.0% of the province; Loudi 14, accounting for1.4% of the whole province; Huaihua and Shaoyang are both 12, accounting for1.2% of the whole province respectively; There are 7 autonomous prefectures, accounting for 0.7% of the province (see figure 1). From the perspective of the industries involved by foreign-funded enterprises in our province, they are mainly concentrated in food processing industry (73), textile industry (29), chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industry (57), pharmaceutical manufacturing industry (23), electrical machinery, electronic and communication equipment manufacturing industry (42), non-metallic mineral products industry (42), wholesale and retail, and catering industry (765,438
2.Kipp data shows that from 199 1 to 200 1, more than 96% of foreign-funded enterprises in our province were established. Among them: 29 opened before 1990s, accounting for 3%; From 9 1 to 95428 companies opened, accounting for 43%; From 1996 to 200 1 537 companies opened, accounting for 54%. By 200 1, 1 1, there were 29 foreign-funded enterprises with 4,279 employees and paid-in capital of 6.07 yuan, accounting for 3.9% and 3.5% of all employees and paid-in capital in this industry respectively; From 1965438 to 1995, there were 428 foreign-funded enterprises with 52898 employees and paid-in capital of 8.049 billion yuan, accounting for 48.2% and 46.5% of all employees and paid-in capital in this industry respectively; From 1996 to 200 1 year, 537 foreign-funded enterprises employed 5249 1 person, and the paid-in capital was 864 1 10,000 yuan, accounting for 47.9% and 50% of all employees and paid-in capital respectively.
3. According to the data grouped by paid-in capital, 2001130, among 994 foreign-funded enterprises in our province, 508 have paid-in capital below 5 million yuan; There are 2 18 companies with 500- 10 million yuan; There is11000-20 million yuan; There are 60 companies with 20-30 million yuan; There are 37 companies with 30-50 million yuan; There are 27 companies with 50 million yuan to 65.438+0 billion yuan; 1-200 million yuan 13; There are 13 companies with 200-600 million yuan; There are 1 home, with a total investment of10.50 billion yuan.
4.200 1 year 1 1.30 days, among the 994 foreign-funded enterprises in our province, there are 555 industrial enterprises. From the scale of foreign-funded industrial enterprises, there are 522 small enterprises, accounting for 94% of the total; 20 medium-sized enterprises, accounting for 3.6% of the total; Large enterprises 12, accounting for only 2.1%of the total; And there is only one super-large enterprise in the province. According to the industrial annual report, by the end of 2002, the number of industrial production units with foreign investment above designated size in the province had grown to 266. There are 65,800 employees, with sales income of 654.38+06.264 billion yuan and industrial added value of 565.438+008 billion yuan.
5. According to the data from abroad, on October 30th, 2006, among the 994 foreign-invested enterprises in our province, there were 843 foreign-invested enterprises in Asia, with the paid-in capital of127.32 million yuan, accounting for 84.8% and 73.6% of the total number of foreign-invested enterprises and paid-in capital respectively. Foreign-invested enterprises in Africa 1 company, with the actually paid-in capital of 5 million yuan. There are 46 foreign-invested enterprises from Europe with paid-in capital of 3.087 billion yuan, accounting for 4.6% and 65.438+07.8% of the total number of foreign-invested enterprises and paid-in capital respectively. There are five foreign-invested enterprises from Latin America with paid-in capital of 3,965,438 million yuan, accounting for 0.5% and 2.3% of the total number of foreign-invested enterprises and paid-in capital respectively. There are 9 foreign-invested enterprises from North America, with paid-in capital of 1025438+0 billion yuan, accounting for 9.2% and 5.9% of the total number of foreign-invested enterprises and paid-in capital respectively. There are 8 foreign-invested enterprises from Oceania, with paid-in capital of 0.6/kloc-0.0 billion yuan, accounting for 0.8% and 0.4% of the total number of foreign-invested enterprises and paid-in capital respectively. Asia has invested in Hong Kong, Taiwan Province Province, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Macau, South Korea, Philippines, Lebanon, United Arab Emirates, Myanmar and other 12 countries and regions. Among them, Hong Kong, which has invested more in our province, has accumulated 542 investment enterprises with an investment of 8.39 billion yuan; Taiwan Province invested 186 enterprises, with an investment of16.97 million yuan; Japan invested in 34 enterprises with an investment of 899 million yuan; Malaysian investment enterprises 17, with an investment of 8180,000 yuan; There are 2/kloc-0 investment enterprises in Singapore, with an investment of 397 million yuan. Africa invests in South Africa 1 country, and enterprises with an investment of 5 million yuan 1 country. Europe has invested in Belgium, Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Belarus, Russia and other countries and regions. Among them, the Netherlands, with a large investment, invested in 6 enterprises with an investment of 654.38+59.2 million yuan; Sweden invested in 4 enterprises with an investment of 585 million yuan; Germany invested in five enterprises with an investment of 407 million yuan; British investment 18 enterprise, with an investment of 267 million yuan. Latin American countries investing in our province include Bahamas, Cairo Islands, Panama and British Virgin Islands. Among them, the largest investment is in Cairo Islands. Although only 1 enterprise is invested, the investment amount is 332 million yuan. North America has invested in our province in two countries: the United States and Canada. There are 78 American investment enterprises with an investment of 865 million yuan. Canada has invested in 13 enterprises with an investment of 654.38+57 million yuan. Oceania has invested in Australia, New Zealand and Samoa in our province. Among them, Australia has invested in six enterprises with an investment of 20 million yuan.
It can be seen that Hunan, as an inland province of China, has initially formed an all-round, multi-level and wide-ranging opening-up pattern and an open economic foundation after 20 years of reform and opening up, especially in the 1990s.
Second, the existing problems
1, the total number of foreign-funded enterprises is small. As of 200 1,1.30, there are 994 foreign-funded enterprises in Hunan * *, which is obviously different from 1368 foreign-funded enterprises in neighboring Hubei and 1227 foreign-funded enterprises in Guangxi./kloc-0 was born in Jiangsu.
2. The development is unbalanced, the differences between regions and enterprises are obvious, and the geographical distribution of foreign-funded enterprises is too concentrated. Generally speaking, the development situation of foreign-funded enterprises in our province is good in recent years, but the contradiction of unbalanced development is still outstanding, mainly in two aspects. First, there are obvious regional differences. Hunan foreign-funded enterprises are mainly concentrated in Changsha, the provincial capital, 42 1, accounting for 42.3% of the province; Followed by Xiangtan 9 1, accounting for 9.1%of the province; There are only seven autonomous prefectures, accounting for less than 1% of the province. Second, the disparity between enterprises is even greater. According to the data of 200 1, the small scale is less than 654.38+million yuan, and the large scale has exceeded1500 million yuan. From the perspective of operating income, the minimum is less than 654.38+million yuan, and the maximum is more than 2.8 billion yuan.
3. The scale of enterprises is still small, the development of high-tech enterprises is slow, and the industrial level is low. With the deepening of reform and opening up, foreign investment in our province has increased substantially in recent years, and large-scale projects and high-tech projects have increased substantially. However, the overall scale and level of foreign-funded industrial enterprises are still dominated by small and medium-sized enterprises, which are labor-intensive. 200 1, small and medium-sized enterprises account for 55% of foreign-funded industrial enterprises in the province, and enterprises above designated size account for 45%. A large number of small and medium-sized enterprises and enterprises with low technology content are distributed in some traditional labor-intensive and capital-intensive industries, such as textiles, clothing, food processing, plastic products and retail catering. The number of production units in 200 1 year accounts for 25.5% of the total number of foreign-funded enterprises in the province. Among foreign-funded enterprises, high-tech enterprises account for only 8%, and the proportion of completed operating income is only 22.3%. This shows that the development potential of foreign-funded industrial enterprises in our province is still great, and the scale and industrial structure of enterprises need to be further optimized.
4. The scale of open economy is small, the utilization of foreign capital is very limited, and the structure and flow of foreign capital are not reasonable. In 20061October 30th, 5438+0, 165438, the actually utilized foreign capital in Hunan was nearly RMB 1000 billion, with an average of RMB 1006 million per foreign-funded enterprise. From the perspective of foreign capital inflow industries, the amount of foreign capital (such as real estate) introduced mainly to solve the problem of capital shortage has increased greatly, while the inflow of foreign capital in industries, technological upgrading and product upgrading is relatively small, especially in traditional industries, and the level of foreign capital utilization has been hovering and declining for a long time. Other industries, especially many fields in the service industry (such as finance and insurance, electric agricultural services, education, medical care, etc. The utilization of foreign capital is very limited, and the degree of development is not high at present. For example, only three foreign-funded enterprises in finance and insurance do business in Hunan; There are only three foreign-funded enterprises in the post and telecommunications industry; Foreign-funded enterprises in agricultural service industry are 0; Foreign-funded educational enterprises 1 home; The number of foreign-funded enterprises in the medical and health service industry is 0.
Three. Countermeasures and suggestions
Under the new situation of accelerating the process of economic internationalization, increasingly fierce market competition and coexistence of opportunities and challenges, the general idea of accelerating the development and growth of foreign-funded enterprises in our province should be: taking the spirit of the 16th National Congress as the driving force and Theory of Three Represents as the guidance, further emancipate the mind, forge ahead, and make more efforts in improving policies, improving the environment and optimizing services. Form a new pattern of all-round, multi-level and wide-ranging opening up and attracting investment. Strive to realize the historical leap of foreign-funded enterprises in our province from small to large and from weak to strong during the tenth five-year plan period. Specific countermeasures and suggestions are as follows:
1. Emancipate your mind, understand the situation clearly and seize the development opportunity. The whole province should further emancipate its mind, understand the situation clearly, take the spirit of the 16th National Congress as the driving force and Theory of Three Represents as the guidance, further form a good atmosphere of "great opening, great development and great development", adapt to the new situation of economic globalization and accession to the WTO, seize the favorable development opportunity of the new round of accelerated transfer of international industrial capital to China and the surge and enthusiasm of foreign investment, give full play to local advantages, and actively support and encourage state-owned enterprises.
2. Improve policies, improve the environment and attract investment in by going up one flight of stairs. It is necessary to further establish and improve foreign-related economic laws and regulations, and strive to create a high-level investment environment that conforms to international practices and adapts to the entry of high-level foreign capital. In terms of "soft environment" for investment, we should strive to realize the transformation from preferential support policies to institutional functional policies, and create a good institutional and market environment, a good supporting and service environment, and a good ecological and living environment for foreign investors. Pay close attention to the new round of infrastructure construction, choose the right theme to attract investment, encourage the development of high-tech projects, cultivate emerging industries and form industrial characteristics. We should continue to improve and strengthen the strategies, methods and measures of attracting investment. "Business" depends on "recruitment" and "capital" depends on "introduction". In the direction of attracting investment, pay attention to the introduction of leading industries and core enterprises, one belt and one string; When creating an investment environment, not only should the service be in place, the environment should be beautiful, but more importantly, a good entrepreneurial environment should be created. Through the joint efforts of the whole province, our province has become a paradise and paradise for investors to start businesses and live in peace.
3. Cultivate talents, provide support and accelerate enterprise development. "Talent is the first resource, and whoever has talent wins the initiative"; Today, the value of enterprises depends on talents, and market competition is the competition of talents, especially the competition of senior talents. The speed and quality of economic development in the same region also depend on the quantity and quality of its talents. Especially in the new economic era, science and technology are changing with each passing day, the trend of economic globalization is accelerating, the market competition is becoming increasingly fierce, and the role of talents in economic development is more prominent and important. The acquisition of talents depends on training and introduction, attracting, retaining and making good use of talents and giving full play to their functions. The key is to have a good policy and a scientific incentive and reward mechanism. Whether our province can win the initiative and better development in the new round of competition and challenges, continue to maintain the current good development trend and narrow the gap with developed provinces and cities is the key. We must strengthen our sense of hardship, speed up the training and bringing up a large number of high-quality talents for the development of export-oriented economy, and provide strong talent guarantee and support for the development of foreign-funded enterprises to adapt to and meet the growing demand for talents for the development of foreign-funded enterprises.
4. Pay attention to problems, solve problems seriously, and promote healthy development. All regions and departments should attach great importance to and seriously solve several problems that cannot be ignored in the development of foreign-funded enterprises in our province. For the unbalanced regional development, it is necessary to strengthen classified guidance, give full play to the comparative advantages of all localities, form a reasonable division of labor and layout, and strive to narrow the gap between regions to form a new pattern of coordinated development in the whole province. It is necessary to enhance the awareness and ability of foreign-funded enterprises, especially joint ventures, in scientific and technological innovation, scientific and technological development and rejuvenating enterprises through science and technology, improve market competitiveness, adaptability and adaptability, further enhance the vitality and stamina of enterprise development, and promote the sustained, rapid, efficient and healthy development of foreign-funded enterprises in our province.
In short, as long as we always keep a clear head and high morale, seize the new opportunities of development, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, foreign-funded enterprises in our province will certainly achieve greater development in the new century, and make greater contributions to building a well-off society in an all-round way and promoting the sustained, rapid and healthy development of the province's industrial economy and even the national economy.