Brief introduction of functional fiber fabric
1, PTT polymer
Corterra fiber made of polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) fiber is called "future elastic fiber", which has the inherent characteristics of comfort, softness, bulkiness, easy dyeing, bright color and durability, and is mainly used for heavy or shirt woven fabrics and knitted underwear.
2. Four-channel polyester fiber
The relative hydrophobicity of four-channel polyester fiber is better than that of cotton and wool in controlling the moisture content of fabric, which can wick the moisture of human body to the surface of fabric and remove it. CoolMax products produced by DuPont Company in the United States using four-channel polyester fiber have excellent wicking ability and make fabrics have good comfort performance, which is mainly used to make sportswear and military uniforms.
3, high temperature resistant flame retardant fiber
There are high-performance carbon fiber and aramid fiber. Carbon fiber is resistant to high temperature, corrosion and radiation, and is widely used as a structural material for aviation equipment and construction engineering. Aramid fiber has high temperature resistance, flame retardancy and toughness, and can be made into various protective clothing, fire fighting clothing and bullet-proof clothing.
Flame-retardant polyester fiber has flame retardant properties because polyester molecules contain phosphorus atoms. Mainly used in hospitals, insurance, decorative fabrics and industrial fabrics. Flame-retardant polypropylene fiber is obtained by traditional process treatment or adding additives to polymer formula. This product is mainly used for curtains, wall cloth and decorative cloth. Melamine fiber is a new type of high-temperature resistant fiber with high flexibility and certain flame retardancy, which can be used in the field of fire protection.
4, antibacterial fiber
It is made by mixing antibacterial agent into spinning solution, among which inorganic antibacterial fiber containing nano-silver zeolite is the most famous, which has broad-spectrum antibacterial property and good thermal stability. Long-lasting effect, safety and reliability, and no drug resistance. Mainly used in underwear, sanitary materials and bedding.
5, antistatic fiber
By modifying the synthetic fiber, that is, adding antistatic agent to the polymer or introducing a third monomer, the fiber itself has antistatic ability. Products are mainly used in carpets, curtains, hospital operating room overalls and anti-fouling and anti-sticking civil textiles.
6, far infrared fiber
Ceramic powder is fused with synthetic fibers such as polyester, polypropylene and viscose before spinning, which can convert absorbed solar energy into heat energy needed by human body, promote blood circulation, increase blood supply and oxygen supply, accelerate metabolism and improve human muscle energy. Products are mainly used in the field of medical care.
[Edit this paragraph ]7. ultraviolet resistant fiber
Ultraviolet resistant fiber is made of ultraviolet shielding agent by melt spinning, which has a shielding rate of more than 92% against ultraviolet rays and a certain shielding effect against thermal radiation. It is mainly used for making shirts, T-shirts and umbrellas in summer.
8, environmental protection fiber
(1) Natural colored cotton, wool and rabbit hair. By changing cotton genes and improving sheep and rabbit breeds, natural color raw materials can be formed, which can reduce environmental pollution and harm to human body because they are not corroded by dyes and additives.
(2) hemp fiber. Hemp fibers such as flax, ramie and jute have natural antibacterial and bacteriostatic properties, and also have certain health care functions, anti-ultraviolet and anti-static functions, so they are natural green fibers.
(3) Tencel fiber. Tencel fiber completely reproduces the natural characteristics of wood pulp, belongs to carbohydrates, is biodegradable, has no waste and no by-products, can be completely recycled, and is a real "eco-friendly" fiber.
(4) Polylactic acid fiber. It is made from renewable starch raw materials such as corn and wheat through fermentation, polymerization and spinning. Comfortable to wear, it has the functions of elasticity, moisture absorption, air permeability, heat resistance and ultraviolet resistance, and its waste can be naturally degraded, so it is a green fiber. Mainly used for making underwear, coats, medical textiles and industrial materials.
(5) Chitin fiber. Chitin fiber made from the shells of shrimp, crab, insects, etc. It has good hygroscopicity, air permeability, sterilization and deodorization, and the medical dressing made of it can play the role of analgesia, hemostasis and promoting wound healing. Mainly used in the medical and health industry.
(6) Soybean fiber is a new type of regenerated plant protein fiber, which is made of soybean meal after oil extraction, plant globulin extraction and synthesis. Before it becomes fiber, protein and polymer should be extracted from soybean as raw materials, treated by high technology such as bioengineering and wet spinning. This kind of monofilament has fine fineness, light specific gravity, high strength and elongation, strong acid and alkali resistance, good hygroscopicity and moisture conductivity. It has the soft feel like cashmere, the soft luster like silk, the warmth of cotton and good skin friendliness, and has obvious antibacterial function.
(7) Bamboo fiber. Bamboo fiber is a brand-new natural fiber, which is made by combining physical and chemical methods. There are essential differences between natural bamboo fiber and bamboo pulp fiber. Bamboo pulp fiber belongs to natural fiber and bamboo pulp fiber belongs to chemical fiber. Natural bamboo fiber has good moisture absorption, air permeability, antibacterial and bacteriostatic properties, deodorization, ultraviolet protection and so on.
(8) Wood fiber. Pure natural wood fiber products are made from natural pollution-free 2-3-year-old Australian fast-growing trees, which are crushed and cooked at high temperature to obtain wood pulp and extracted fiber. Sugar and fat in wood are removed by special technology and production technology, and electrostatic reaction of substances is eradicated by advanced technology. It has the functions of natural antibacterial health care, odor removal, self-cleaning and self-cleaning, soft touch and no hardening, and is a pure green health product. But also widely used in kitchens, household appliances, automobiles, bathrooms, beauty makeup remover and other fields, the market potential is immeasurable.
(9) Milk protein fiber. Milk silk is milk protein obtained after degreasing and dehydration of liquid milk, and it is made into milk slurry by adding softener. Then it is spun into milk protein fiber by wet spinning process and scientific treatment, and then it is further spun into spinnable milk silk. Milk silk products contain 17 kinds of amino acids. Close-fitting wear has the function of moistening muscles, nourishing skin and smoothing skin. At the same time, milk silk also has a natural and lasting antibacterial function, which can inhibit bacteria, cocci and molds harmful to the skin. The fabric woven from milk silk is light, soft, smooth and draping, and it is breathable, moisture-conducting and refreshing to wear. Because milk silk is stronger than cotton yarn (high count) and silk, it is more durable, washable and easy to store. The special properties of milk protein fiber show true, magnificent and lasting colors on fabrics and clothing, and its affinity with dyes makes the colors particularly bright and vivid. As long as it is washed under suitable conditions, even if it is washed repeatedly, the color of the cloth can still be bright as new. Milk protein fiber is different from other animal protein fibers such as wool and silk. It is not easy to be moth-eaten and aging, and it can keep bright as new even if it is placed for several years.
9, intelligent fiber
(1) shape memory fiber. Fiber molecules are specially shaped, so that the fiber with initial shape is deformed and fixed, and then it is restored to its initial shape by external stimulation such as heating. Shape memory fiber has the properties of wrinkle resistance, washability and non-ironing, and is mainly used in the field of clothing.
(2) photosensitive fiber. Synthetic fibers, such as polypropylene fibers, after being treated, will change color in one light and change back to the original color in another light, which is mainly used in military and maritime fields.
(3) Heat-sensitive fiber. The fiber was successfully developed by American aerospace department with OUtlast technology, and was composed of phase change materials and ordinary fibers. This kind of fiber can change with the change of external temperature or heat, and is mainly used in working environment with large temperature difference, such as cold storage.
Another kind of automatic temperature-regulating textile made of special metal fibers, common chemical or natural fibers can automatically sense the temperature of the surrounding environment. By adjusting the heat dissipation rate of clothes, the surface temperature of clothes is consistent with the temperature of the surrounding environment. Mainly used in the military, it can play the role of stealth.
(4) Anti-wetting fiber. Acrylic polymer is made by spinning, which has high air permeability and water absorption. When immersed in water, acrylic polymer fibers can block pores on clothes due to water absorption and expansion, which can prevent seawater from infiltrating into clothes and play a life-saving role.
(5) Nanofibers. Nano-materials are blocks, films, multilayer films and fibers composed of l- 100nm particles. Nanofibers have a strong ability to absorb electromagnetic waves, and at the same time, they have waterproof, radiation-proof, sterilization and mildew-proof effects. At present, the newly developed nanofibers in China, such as nano-layered silver-based inorganic antibacterial and mildew-proof fibers, hydrophobic polypropylene eye nanofibers, graphite nanofibers, etc., are mainly used in the fields of medical care, clothing and energy.
Smart vest graphene is better than carbon fiber. Graphene and carbon fiber are the two most widely used new materials in smart clothing market. Graphene and carbon fiber have a long history of research and application, and their market applications are relatively mature, but their processing methods, structures and properties have great limitations. Since its discovery in 2004, graphene has attracted worldwide attention because of its strong usability and expansibility, and is known as the black gold of 2 1 century. In the field of textile application, both have their own advantages. In terms of preparation technology, graphene is made of graphite minerals, and it can be used in textile industry more efficiently than carbon fiber through its unique wet spinning technology. From the structural properties, carbon fiber is formed by irregular accumulation of flaky graphite microcrystals. This structure controls the porosity very strictly, which leads to the decrease of the mechanical properties of carbon fiber. This structure causes poor radial toughness of carbon fiber and is easy to break when bending. However, the graphene sheet structure in graphene fiber is highly oriented in the fiber axial direction, and the transverse crystal size is much larger than that of traditional carbon fiber, which makes it very flexible and even does not break when twisted and knotted, which makes graphene fiber have great advantages in high-end textile industry.
What is a memory fabric?
Memory fabric refers to the fabric with shape memory function. Some people call it memory cloth or shape memory cloth. "refers to the product with the original shape, which can be restored to its original shape and characteristics under the stimulation of specific external conditions (such as heat, machinery, light, magnetism or electricity) after deformation and fixation.
At present, textile enterprises at home and abroad have introduced various shape memory fabrics: polymer fibers, nickel-titanium alloy fibers and so on. The principle of polymer shape memory fiber is to use modern polymer physics and polymer synthesis modification technology to compound and modify general polymer materials.
Such as polyethylene, polyester, polyurethane and other polymer materials. The molecular structure is combined and adjusted to make it have the characteristics of plastic and rubber at the same time, that is, it has the characteristics of plastic at room temperature, that is, hardness, shape stability and recovery, while it has the characteristics of rubber at a certain temperature (so-called memory temperature), which is mainly manifested in the deformability and shape recovery of materials, that is, the memory function of materials, that is, memory initial state-fixed deformation-recovery initial state.
Shape memory fiber can be used not only in processing smart clothes, but also in medical field. For example, if the shape memory temperature is set close to body temperature, it can be used as a surgical suture or a medical implant.
Because this material has memory function, it can cut into the wound in the form of loose thread ball. When it is heated to body temperature, the material will remember the pre-designed shape and size, and it will shrink and tighten the wound. After the wound is healed, the material will decompose itself and then be absorbed harmlessly by the human body.
Extended data:
Market status of memory fabrics;
There are so-called semi-memory, full-memory and memory-like fabrics in the market, and the quality of the fabrics is uneven and the prices vary greatly. The so-called "semi-memory" in the market refers to the use of "memory fibers" in the warp or weft direction, while "total memory" usually refers to fabrics made of "memory fibers" in both the warp and weft directions;
There are also many manufacturers who twist ordinary polyester yarns and treat them with light alkali content or alkali-free content to lie about memory fabrics. Most of these fabrics have rough hand feel, weak toughness and poor elastic recovery after deformation. Some people also use PU coating to improve the elasticity of this memory-like fabric, which feels a bit like true memory.
However, due to the inherent shortcomings of counterfeit memory fiber fabrics, it is still very different from real memory fiber fabrics. Real memory fiber fabric can be deformed at will, and the bending during deformation is fabric rather than thread, which is easy to recover and very elastic and tough.
Baidu encyclopedia-memory fabric
Scientists have developed a wearable fabric that can charge electronic devices through body movements.
Researchers from Nanjing University in China and Fukui University in Japan (hereinafter referred to as "joint team") have jointly developed a wearable high-tech fabric, which can generate energy through body movement. They published their findings in the peer-reviewed magazine Nanoenergy.
The joint team uses the principle of triboelectrification to generate triboelectric energy. Triboelectrification refers to the phenomenon that two different objects are charged due to friction, which is called triboelectrification (or the phenomenon that one object is positively charged and the other object is negatively charged after two different objects rub against each other).
In fact, triboelectrification is produced by rubbing two materials together, thus enhancing the contact between their surfaces. For example, when you insert a hair into your hair, this triboelectric phenomenon may occur.
On the basis of utilizing this phenomenon, a composite material called "Triboelectric Nanogenerator" (also called TENG) has been developed, which can be used to convert mechanical motion into electrical energy. Because of its small size, Teng can drive electronic devices through physical movements. The triboelectric layer is charged by the mechanical movement of the body (such as walking or running). This process converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, and then uses the electrical energy to charge electronic equipment.
Therefore, the all-fiber composite layer of triboelectric nano-generator (called EF-TENG) can be used in the garment manufacturing process, and the composite layer can be easily integrated into ordinary cloth to manufacture clothes that can generate electricity.
Triboelectric nano-generator material is not a brand-new technology. This material was first successfully developed by Academician Wang Zhonglin of China Academy of Sciences (20 12), and can collect and utilize the electric energy generated by friction and static electricity such as handshaking, walking and tides.
However, the traditional triboelectric nano-generator materials have some unpleasant characteristics, such as poor air permeability. In addition, their power generation and transmission efficiency is not high.
In order to solve these problems, the joint team adopted silver nanowires as electrodes and electrospun polystyrene nanofibers as charge storage layers on the basis of related technical research, which improved the properties of triboelectric nanogenerator materials, formed breathable antibacterial electrodes and electrostatic induction enhancement layers, achieved better performance and improved air permeability.
In addition, the charges accumulated on the surface of the original triboelectric nano-generator material will slowly drain or dissipate, thus reducing the output performance and surface charge density. Through the improvement of the joint team, polystyrene film is added to realize the stability of surface charge density.
The all-fiber composite nano-generator made of electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride/nylon, silver nanowires and polystyrene can be easily integrated into conventional clothing, so that it can charge small electronic devices through daily exercise. The team demonstrated the performance of their new high-tech textiles by supplying power to 126 LEDs. However, the device still lacks enough output to charge devices that need more power.
HiroakiSakamoto, one of the authors of the joint team paper, said that because the new materials formed in this research are softer and more breathable, although this technology can only charge LEDs and small devices (such as calculators) at present, its material characteristics mean the possibility of the future. After being widely used, there will be great potential to collect static electricity from clothes.
Anal-fibrous boelectrical nano-generator with even outputs dependent on the polystyreneschangestoragelayer-(nano-energy)
What's the difference between smart materials and fiber materials for clothing?
Different application fields.
Compared with traditional clothing, smart safety clothing can not only keep out the cold, but also protect the human body. Intelligent safety clothing has different requirements for modeling structure. Using special sensing materials and optimizing their performance, clothing has special monitoring functions in different environments, such as personal life monitoring, military monitoring, medical monitoring and so on.
Intelligent fiber is a new type of intelligent material developed by Massachusetts Institute of Technology. By adding photosensitive and sound-sensitive materials to man-made fiber, it has been applied in various fields, from anti-reconnaissance microphones to precision medical equipment.
What exactly is Samsung's smart clothes like?
With the development of smart wear, smart clothing, as an important branch, has been favored by more and more people in recent years.
This is inseparable from its importance. China often said "clothing, food, shelter and transportation", among which clothing ranks first, and clothing has become an indispensable thing today.
Leading sportswear companies such as Nike, Adidas and Andema, as well as Apple, Google and Intel, all announced their investment in research and development of smart clothing.
Some time ago, Google and Levi's jointly developed a jacket equipped with wearable devices. This jacket is woven from "electronic interactive fiber materials", which allows cycling enthusiasts to control their mobile phones directly through clothes without taking out their mobile phones. Clothes themselves can also provide users with many functions, such as playing music directly from the sleeves of jackets and displaying maps.
In addition to Google, smart clothing also has applications in some fields, such as military and medical care. In order to resist the hot weather, some smart clothes can even be warm in winter and cool in summer. However, a patent recently obtained by Samsung is also related to smart clothes. Surprisingly, this kind of clothes can also charge electronic equipment.
Recently, it is reported that Samsung galaxy Company has obtained a patent for "smart clothes", which can be used to charge electronic devices.
According to the patent description, this dress can collect the energy generated by arm movement into a special battery. Therefore, necessary sensors and processors will be installed in clothes to collect human activity data.
As can be seen from the figure, multiple sensors are distributed throughout the clothing, not only clothes, but this patented system can also be applied to jackets, trousers, hats, gloves and shoes.
If the equipment can be connected with clothes, the energy generated by clothes and actions can charge the equipment. But the specific capacity of the battery is not known at present, but the patent application points out that the battery capacity is not large. But as a necessity of life, if it meets people's basic needs, it can have other powerful additional attributes, which is undoubtedly popular. Especially with the popularity of smart phones, and battery technology has not improved, I believe that many people will like a dress that can charge their mobile phones at this time.
At present, it is not known whether this kind of clothes is washable. Samsung actually applied for this patent in Korea last year, and the technology may be mature, so people may see this product soon.
In fact, regarding smart clothes, Samsung put forward the concept of "SmartSuit" at CES 20 16, and at CES, Samsung also displayed "SmartSuit" products equipped with ECG and EMG sensors such as BodyCompass2.0 shirts and Weltsmartbel belts. These clothes are no different from ordinary clothes in appearance, but these SmartSuit can realize real-time monitoring of body data such as heart rate, exercise steps and body fat, and can also provide reasonable suggestions for people with applications.
Obviously, intelligence has become the trend of clothing development. Smart clothing satisfies the fantasy of contemporary young people about the trend, which not only brings more convenience to people, but also brings new innovation impetus to the traditional clothing industry. In the future development, a new round of growth will be ushered in soon.