2. Law is a social norm formulated, recognized and universally binding by the state.
3. Law is a social norm that stipulates rights and obligations.
4. Law is a social norm guaranteed by the state. The validity of law refers to the scope of validity or application of law, that is, to whom, where and when the law is effective.
1, spatial validity
In our country, all laws, administrative regulations and other normative documents formulated by the central state organs, except for special provisions, will take effect in all regions of our country once they are promulgated and implemented. Normative documents formulated and promulgated by local state organs shall only take effect within their respective jurisdictions.
2. Time effect
Including the effectiveness, invalidation and retroactivity of the law. The retroactivity of law refers to whether the law is applicable to events or behaviors that occurred before the law came into effect. If applicable, it has retrospective effect, otherwise it has no retrospective effect. Generally speaking, the laws of China are not retroactive, except as otherwise provided by law.
3, the effectiveness of people
The influence of law on people is more complicated. According to the laws of China, the impact on people includes two aspects:
First, the legal effect on China citizens. All citizens of China should apply the laws of China in China. The legal application of China citizens abroad is complicated. According to the current laws in China, some can apply foreign laws, while others still apply China laws.
Second, the legal effect on foreigners. Unless otherwise provided by law, the laws of China shall apply to foreigners in China. China's criminal law has special provisions on crimes committed by foreigners against China citizens or China citizens outside China. The legal system refers to the unified whole of a country's existing laws, which is composed of various legal departments. Excluding international law and expired domestic law. The so-called legal department refers to the general name of legal norms that adjust similar social relations according to certain standards and principles.
1. Constitutions, including the Constitution of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Law on Regional National Autonomy in People's Republic of China (PRC), the Election Law of the National People's Congress and Local People's Congresses at Various Levels, the Organization Law of the National People's Congress, the Organization Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the State Council, the Organization Law of Local People's Political and Legal Organs and the Organization Law of People's Courts.
2. Civil and commercial laws, including general principles of civil law, marriage law, adoption law, inheritance law, property law, guarantee law, contract law, copyright law, trademark law, patent law and other separate civil regulations; Commercial laws and regulations such as company law, securities law, negotiable instrument law, insurance law, maritime law and enterprise bankruptcy law;
3, administrative law, including civil service law, administrative licensing law, administrative reconsideration law, administrative punishment law, administrative supervision law, government procurement law and public security punishment law and other special administrative regulations;
4, criminal law, including the current criminal law and criminal law amendments, separate regulations;
5. Procedural law, including civil procedure law, administrative procedure law and criminal procedure law.
6. Note: Other laws not mentioned can be classified into the above-mentioned departmental laws according to the subject of legal relationship and the object of adjustment. In fact, the economic laws that are usually divided now can be re-recognized, and the laws that are considered to be economic laws are codified in the process of formulating codes. The legal norms of civil law are compiled into civil law, and the legal norms regulating administrative behavior are compiled into administrative law. This can avoid confusing administrative behavior with economic behavior, administrative behavior with civil behavior, strengthen the supervision of administrative behavior, and investigate the legal responsibility of administrative behavior. Moreover, economic law is usually regarded as the sum of legal norms regulating economic behavior, but economic behavior is usually commercial behavior and economic macro-control behavior, which was not included in the system in the original legal terms. Now we can't insist on using the word economic behavior in the legal vocabulary system because of necessity. In fact, economic behavior is not a single legal behavior, so it is better to decompose it and bring it into their respective legal relations. 1, Constitution of People's Republic of China (PRC)
2. People's Republic of China (PRC) Law on Regional National Autonomy
3. Election Law of the National People's Congress and Local People's Congresses of the People's Republic of China
4. Provisions of the NPC Standing Committee on Direct Election of People's Congresses below the County Level
5. Organic Law of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China
6. Organic Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the State Council
7, local people's political and legal organization law at all levels
Organization Law of the People's Court Organization Law of the People's Procuratorate Basic Law of Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions
9. Legislation Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), Civil Servant Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), Administrative Licensing Law, Administrative Punishment Law, Administrative Reconsideration Law and Administrative Procedure Law. The Supreme People's Court's explanation on several issues concerning the implementation of the administrative procedure law. Provisions of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues Concerning Evidence in Administrative Litigation. State Compensation Law Provisions of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues Concerning the Trial of Administrative Compensation Cases
10, People's Republic of China (PRC) * * * and the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC)'s Criminal Law Amendment on Punishment of Foreign Exchange Fraud Crime, and Decision on Crime of Foreign Exchange Evasion and Illegal Trading; General principles of criminal procedure law; Opinions on several issues concerning the implementation of the general principles of civil law: guarantee law; Rural land contract law; Law of succession; Marriage law; Civil procedure law; Partnership law; Law on sole proprietorship enterprises; Law on foreign-funded enterprises; Anti-unfair competition law; Consumer protection law; Product quality law; Price method; Audit law; Accounting law; Small and medium-sized enterprise promotion law; Budget law; Tax collection and management law; Personal income. Tax Law Banking Supervision and Management Law China People's Bank Law Commercial Bank Law Foreign Trade Law Environmental Protection Law Urban Real Estate Management Law Land Management Law Labor Law State-owned Enterprise Bankruptcy Law Bill Law Interim Regulations on Stock Issuance and Trading Management Insurance Law Maritime Law Copyright Law Trademark Law Nationality Law Exclusive Economic Zone and Continental Shelf Law Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities Regulations Concluding Treaty Procedures Arbitration Law Judges Law Prosecutors Law Lawyers Law Notarization Law Measures for the Administration of Enterprise Legal Advisers, etc.
French surname
The origin of French surnames
1, which originated in the Warring States period. During the Warring States Period, the State of Qi became the country of Tian's surname, and after that, Jiang's surname and Tian's surname were taken as the original surnames. The monarch of the State of Qi was made king. After the demise of the State of Qin, in order to avoid family feuds, descendants dared not take Tian as their surname, so they took their ancestors as their surname, forming a legal surname. See the Book of the Later Han Dynasty. Biography of Faxiong.
2. Wu Yao, a Mongolian family in Qing Dynasty, came to the Central Plains and reformed the law. During the Qianlong period, there was a great writer, Fa Shishan, who was a descendant of a branch of Wu Yao's method of changing his surname.