It is reported that Fu has now set up his own e-commerce platform to sell his aquatic products online. Merchants from Changsha, Guangdong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hubei and other places have placed orders to create local ecological landscapes.
This can not help but make people interested in aquatic vegetables and their cultivation, and want to find out. Aquatic vegetable cultivation mainly uses plant absorption, microbial degradation, root adsorption, filtration and precipitation, and plant inhibition of algae to achieve a win-win effect of purifying water sources for vegetables and flowers, and organic matter in water provides nutrients for their growth.
Aquatic vegetables can be divided into shallow water and deep water. Water chestnut and taro can be cultivated in shallow water, and water shield can adapt to deep water. Lotus root can be divided into shallow water and deep water The characteristics and cultivation of these aquatic vegetables are briefly introduced below.
water chestnut
Also known as horseshoe, it is mainly distributed in low-lying areas such as Guangxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian _ Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi and Guizhou. It can be transplanted from the end of July to the beginning of August and listed in winter and spring.
Fertilizer and water management
Potassium should not be deficient throughout the growth period, especially in the nodulation period. When potassium deficiency is serious, the growth on the ground is not strong and the bulbs are not full enough. Apply a proper amount of potassium fertilizer at the early tillering and branching stage, the early heading stage and the middle stage, and apply potassium chloride 10 kg per mu each time.
In addition, spraying11000 ethephon or 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate at the initial stage of bulb expansion also has obvious effect on bulb expansion.
Early water eleocharis tuberosa is usually planted in May and June, and late water eleocharis tuberosa can be planted in July and August. Irrigation should be shallow at the beginning of planting, 2 ~ 3 cm, and then gradually deepen with the elongation of leaflike stems, but generally not more than 10 cm.
In the stages of tillering, branching and heading, the field cannot be short of water. However, in order to avoid excessive growth after applying nitrogen fertilizer, shallow water management can be carried out for a short time, and the fields can be put on hold in time when there is a tendency of excessive growth. After the underground bulbs are full and swollen, the leafy stems on the ground often lodging. At this time, the water in the field must be drained to avoid premature germination of bulbs.
Eliminate pests and diseases
Common diseases are stem blight and Fusarium wilt.
Blight mainly harms leaf sheaths and leaflike stems, and 750kg of water can be sprayed with 50% Guo Bing1500g/ha or fenomyl1500g/ha.
Water chestnut blight, commonly known as water chestnut blight, is a devastating disease, which can damage water chestnut buds, dead seedlings and bulbs, especially in adult stage. 600 ~ 700 times of 50% thiophanate-methyl sulfur suspension or 500 times of 70% mancozeb dry suspension powder can be sprayed 1 time, and the safety interval is 10 day.
The most serious pest in water chestnut production is rice borer.
In the water chestnut growing season, it occurs in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River from early June to mid-September, in which July to August is the stage with the largest occurrence and the most serious harm, and it is also the focus of prevention and control. It should be carried out 2 ~ 3 days before the incubation peak, and it will lose its control significance if it is too late.
The pesticide can be 40% rice insect net emulsion or 80% dichlorvos emulsion, and each acre is watered with150ml of water. In the hardest hit areas, seedlings were treated with 1 time 2 ~ 3 days before transplanting. After the second and third generation incubation peak 1 ~ 2 days, spray 80% monosultap or 60% diqiudan with 1000 times solution, and the application time should keep the water layer to improve the control effect.
taro
The Pearl River Basin and Taiwan Province Province are the most planted areas, followed by the Yangtze River Basin. Generally, it can be planted in March and April and can be listed in September and June.
Fertilizer and water management
Apply a small amount of thin fertilizer at seedling stage. Later, with the growth of aboveground parts gradually increasing, combined with soil cultivation and topdressing for 3 ~ 4 times.
For the first time, deep tillage was carried out when the first leaf of the seedling was unfolded, and 20 kilograms of urea was applied per mu. When there are 3 ~ 4 leaves, carry out the second intertillage. 50 kilograms of cake fertilizer and 25 kilograms of compound fertilizer are used per mu. Top dressing was carried out for the third time before the warehouse was closed, and 25 kilograms of compound fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were applied per mu. Topdressing must be completed before the end of July, and fertilizer and water should be controlled in the later growth stage.
After the taro seedlings are planted, they can be dried in the sun to raise the soil temperature and promote growth. In the future, temporary drainage can be carried out before fertilization and soil cultivation, and 4 ~ 7 cm shallow water is often left after soil cultivation.
The water depth can be deepened to13 ~17 cm in July and August; Flooding shallow water after the weather turns cold; In September, the water in the field will be discharged for the harvest and storage of taro.
Eliminate pests and diseases
Common diseases on taro are soft rot and Fusarium wilt.
When soft rot suddenly occurs, the affected part quickly softens and rots, and the whole plant withers or even lodging, and the affected part emits an unpleasant smell. Rotation can be carried out for 2-3 years, and the accumulated water in the field can be drained in time. You can spray 1: 1: 100 bordeaux mixture at the initial stage of the disease.
Phytophthora infestans mainly harm leaves, petioles and bulbs. 25% metalaxyl wettable powder, 70% foscarnet sodium manganese zinc wettable powder and 64% antiviral alum wettable powder can be selected, and only 1 time can be sprayed.
Common pests are Spodoptera litura and Tetranychus cinnabarinus.
Spodoptera litura mainly damages larvae, and spraying 4.5% deltamethrin, 20% fenpropathrin, 80% trichlorfon crystal or wettable powder 1 time. The application is made in the evening.
Tetranychus cinnabarinus is a serious pest with high temperature and low humidity from June to August. Spraying with 20% acarbose EC (amitraz) and 20% mirex EC (fenpropathrin) 1 time.
lotus root
Common in the south, cultivated in Shandong, Henan and Hebei.
Fertilizer and water management
Lotus root is a fertilizer-loving crop, so the principle of thin fertilizer and diligent application should be grasped in fertilization. Spraying new high-fat film on leaves can promote the flourishing of leaves and increase the accumulation of photosynthetic products.
Spraying Diguozhuangdiling can thicken the nutrient transport conduit of Diguozhuangdiling, improve the vitality of Diguozhuang, and make lotus root fat, crisp, tender, rich in water and sweet, with high quality and high yield.
Lotus root can't be short of water during the whole growth period, and the water demand is the peak in summer, so we should pay attention to keeping the water in the pond.
Eliminate pests and diseases
The common diseases of lotus root are aphids, Spodoptera litura, stickleback moth and so on. , hurting standing leaves and buds.
800 ~ 1000 times of 90% trichlorfon or 2000 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder can be sprayed.
Three common diseases are rot, leaf blight and leaf spot. Pay attention to rotation, and choose 800 times solution of 50% thiophanate methyl, 800 times solution of 50% mancozeb wettable powder or 800 times solution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder for spraying. Once every 7 ~ 10 days, continuous prevention for 2 ~ 3 times.
water shield
It can be planted in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan and other provinces, especially Taihu Lake, which can be planted all year round, but late March to mid-April is a good time for planting.
Fertilizer and water management
Water shield is most suitable for growth in slightly acidic soil, with a pH value of 5.5 ~ 6.6. It is required that the soil is rich in organic matter, and the thickness of silt should be 20 ~ 30 cm, especially in the low-lying fields reclaimed by running water. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium absorbed by water shield is1.49:1.71:1.0:1.28, which is required.
In case of yellow leaves, small leaves, thin buds and little gum during the growth period, nutrients should be supplemented in time, but the application of organic fertilizer should be avoided, and urea can be applied instead, with the application amount of 4 ~ 8 kg per mu.
The water depth is 20 ~ 30cm in the germination stage, 60 ~ 70cm in the vigorous growth stage, with the maximum water depth not exceeding 1m, and 80 ~ 90cm in the slow growth stage, and it should still be 50 ~ 60cm after overwintering. Note that the fluctuation range of water level should be within 10 cm.
Eliminate pests and diseases
The common disease on water shield is brown spot.
70% mancozeb, 70% thiophanate, 75% chlorothalonil or 64% antiviral alum wettable powder can be sprayed 500 times at the initial stage of the disease, and sprayed 1 time every 7 ~1day for 2 ~ 3 times continuously. The front of the vertical leaf was sprayed with medicine instead.
When spraying, spray the leaves in the middle of the field first, and then spray the leaves around the field to avoid the liquid medicine contacting the leaves of plants during operation.