Beihu District is located in the middle of Chenzhou City in the southeast of Hunan Province, at the northern foot of Qilianling in Nanling. It has jurisdiction over 3 towns and 4 sub-district offices 1 1, with a total area of 826.8 square kilometers and a total population of 272,000. Among them, the urban area 14 square kilometers and the population134,000 people; The suburb is 8 12.8 square kilometers with a population of138,000.
_ _ Although Beihu District is a newly established county-level district, it has a long history. Since the establishment of Chen County in the 26th year of Ying Zheng in Qin Dynasty (22 1 year BC), this area has always been a part of the territory of Chen County, and it is the location of counties, prefectures, armies, railways, prefectures, districts and counties, as well as the old revolutionary base areas. 1June, 959, 1 1, part of the territory was divided from Chen County and Chenzhou City was established at the county level. 1in April, 1995, Chenzhou area was set up, and the original county-level Chenzhou city was changed to Beihu District.
_ _ Beihu District is the political, economic and cultural center of Chenzhou, a provincial historical and cultural city with a history of more than 2,200 years, and the southern gate of the strategic focus of the province's economic development determined by the Hunan Provincial Government.
_ _ This area is rich in natural resources. The whole area has cultivated land1690,000 mu and forest land of 897,000 mu. According to incomplete statistics, animal resources 15 1 species and plant resources 125 1 species. The standing timber volume is 674,000 cubic meters, and the standing bamboo1.51.000. The forest coverage rate reached 59.8%. The proven metal deposits are 1 1 kinds of tungsten, molybdenum, tin, bismuth, lead, zinc, gold, silver, manganese, iron and copper. There are three kinds of nonmetallic mineral resources such as stone black, coal, arsenic, sulfur, potash feldspar, fluorite, silica, limestone, dolomite, marble, granite, clay and porcelain clay 13. Among them, Lutang amorphous graphite ore reserves account for more than half of the country, and it is known as the "hometown of graphite".
_ _ In the long feudal society and semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, the economy of this area has always been dominated by agriculture. 1949, the total grain output in Chen county was 5. 19 tons, with an average yield per mu 180 kg, with a per capita yield of 323 kg; There are 310.9 million live pigs, with an average of 0.89 pigs per household. Gross industrial and agricultural output value11980,000 yuan, of which agricultural output value accounts for 97.5%. The per capita annual income of farmers is only 76.56 yuan.
_ _ Since the founding of New China for more than 40 years, the environmental and economic construction in Beihu District has made great progress. From 65438 to 0989, Chenzhou, the former county-level city, entered the ranks of 36 cities in China with per capita GDP exceeding 800 US dollars. 199 1 year, ranking third among 120 counties and cities with tax payment exceeding 100 million yuan. 1992, the comprehensive strength of Hunan province 108 counties and cities ranked second. From 65438 to 0994, the per capita fiscal revenue and the total retail sales of social goods ranked first in the province, while the savings deposits of urban and rural residents and the total profits and taxes realized by industrial enterprises within the budget ranked second and third respectively in the province.
_ _ After the withdrawal from the city and the establishment of districts, large and medium-sized industrial and commercial enterprises and units in the former city took over the prefecture-level Chenzhou City, and at the same time, they were transferred from the former Chenzhou County to 1 1 rural towns, and their economic strength weakened. In view of the new situation, the district party committee and the district government put forward the strategic thinking of "inheriting the past and connecting the future, recreating advantages, prospering the city and enriching the peasants, and revitalizing the North Lake" in time, and re-planned and deployed the economic development of the whole region. 1995, the total grain output of the whole region was 58,900 tons, exceeding the total grain output of Chen county in 1949. The average yield per mu is 398 kg, and the average per capita is 436 kg. Slaughtered pigs 1 15900, with an average of 2.8 pigs per household. There are 733,500 slaughtered poultry, with an average of 7.8 per household/kloc-0. 1996, the gross domestic product of the whole region was 2.334 billion yuan, the gross industrial and agricultural output value was142.2 billion yuan (including industrial output value1230,000 yuan and agricultural output value was 299 million yuan), the local fiscal revenue was 67 18 yuan, and the per capita annual net income of farmers.
_ _ After the withdrawal from the city and the establishment of districts, new progress has been made in science and technology, education, culture, health, sports and other social undertakings. 1996, the whole region applied for science and technology patent 10, and completed technical transformation project 14, in which "indoor high-voltage vacuum circuit breaker" was included in the provincial "Spark Plan". The enrollment rate of school-age children in the whole region reached 100%, and the primary school penetration rate of children reached 98%. Primary and middle school students won 62 national prizes and 37 provincial prizes in the winter competition. The rural primary health care work has passed the inspection and acceptance of the provincial health department, and all indicators have reached the national standards. Family planning ranks seventh in the province. Won 13 gold medals, 32 silver medals and 38 bronze medals in sports competitions above the provincial level.
physical geography
Beihu District is located in the middle of Chenzhou City in the southeast of Hunan Province, at the northern foot of Qitianling in Nanling, with latitude and longitude 1 12 4 1' and north latitude 25 25'.
Beihu District is long and narrow, with a northeast trend. The terrain is high in the southwest and low in the northeast, and it is stepped and inclined. The highest altitude is the second peak in Furong Township at the southern end, reaching 1654 meters; The lowest elevation is only Dahuiwan135.2m in Tonghe Township in the north.
The landform is mainly mountainous, with complete landforms of mountains, hills, hills and plains. Mountains and hills account for 77.2% of the total area, while hills and plains only account for 22.8%. Mountains and valleys alternate in the territory, and ridges, streams and rivers crisscross. Under the long-term internal and external forces, three intermittent pulse-free mountains in the east, north and west and three valleys in Chen Jiang, Xihe and Lutang are formed.
Beihu District is long and narrow, with a northeast trend. The highest altitude is the second peak in Furong Township at the southern end, reaching 1654 meters; Qifeng Stone Peak is1.300m above sea level. Mountains and hills account for 77.2% of the total area, while hills and plains only account for 22.8%.
Beihu District has a continental subtropical monsoon humid climate. Mild climate, abundant rainfall and four distinct seasons. The average solar radiation over the years is 7550 W/cm2, the average sunshine hours 1568.6 hours, the annual average temperature 17.8 degrees, the annual average precipitation 1466.5 mm, and the annual average precipitation days181. There is a big difference between temperature and rainfall in southwest mountainous areas.
Beihu District is rich in natural resources. The whole area has cultivated land1690,000 mu and forest land of 897,000 mu. According to incomplete statistics, animal resources 15 1 species and plant resources 125 1 species. The standing timber volume is 674,000 cubic meters, and the standing bamboo1.51.000. The forest coverage rate reached 59.8%. The proven metal deposits are 1 1 kinds of tungsten, molybdenum, tin, bismuth, lead, zinc, gold, silver, manganese, iron and copper. There are three kinds of nonmetallic mineral resources such as stone black, coal, arsenic, sulfur, potash feldspar, fluorite, silica, limestone, dolomite, marble, granite, clay and porcelain clay 13. Among them, Lutang amorphous graphite ore reserves account for more than half of the country, and it is known as the "hometown of graphite".
Beihu Lake is spectacular, with many scenic spots. Famous historical sites in the urban area, such as Yidi Mausoleum and Quanjian, are all witnesses to Chenzhou's long history. The beautiful North Lake Park, with lush trees, sparkling lakes and elegant environment, is an ideal place for people to relax and entertain. Wanhuayan is a large-scale natural cave in Anhe Township, a suburb, with stalactites everywhere and different shapes. It is comparable to the world-famous tourist caves. Yangtianhu grassland scenic spot in southwest China has unique scenery and different landscapes in four seasons. It is the best place for horse racing, hunting, snow viewing, kite flying and gliding in the south. The newly discovered Chaotian Buddha in Datang Township, with its head resting on a mountain, is more than 300 meters high and lying on a horizontal ridge, which is more than 3000 meters long. It stands high on the top of the mountain, facing the place where the sun rises. Standing at a distance of 10 km, the five senses of the giant Buddha are lifelike. In addition, there are Xianling Reservoir, Siqing Reservoir Scenic Area, Minghe Tomb, Qixi Stone and other scenic spots.
The development of history
It is difficult to verify when the name of Beihu came into being. However, more than a thousand years have passed since Han Yu, a famous writer in the Tang Dynasty, watched the marlin in the lake. But it was called Beihutang at that time. The lake area is only over ten acres.
"North Lake", as a natural place name, has long been famous in the world, but the county-level administrative system named after "North Lake" has only a history of ten years. Although she is so young, the long river of history has nurtured her civilization for thousands of years. She is a product of the times and a symbol of civilization.
Although Beihu District is a newly established county-level district, it has a long history. The territory has always been a part of the territory of Chen county, and it is the location of counties, special zones, troops, railways, special zones, districts and counties, and old revolutionary base areas.
In the twenty-sixth year of Zheng (22 1 year), Chen County was established, belonging to Shaosha County. The area belongs to Chen County (1959, 1 1 Chenzhou City was established, and then part of it belonged to Chen County and part of it belonged to Chenzhou City until1March 1995).
In the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu of the Western Han Dynasty (the first 202 years), it is analyzed that the southern counties of Changsha County are located in Guiyang County, Jingzhou, and the counties are located in Chen County.
In the first year of People's Republic of China (PRC) (9), the new Wang Mang changed Guiyang County to Nanping County, and the county moved to Nanping Pavilion (now leiyang city). Chen county was renamed county.
In the 12th year of Guangwu Shangjianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty (35), Nanping County was renamed Guiyang County, and the county magistrate moved back to Chen Cheng. Feng Xuan county is also called Chen county.
During the Three Kingdoms period, Chen County was placed in Jingzhou and Guiyang County in Wu Zhou.
Gina County was placed under Guiyang County, Hunan Province.
In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Tian Jian of Liang Wudi was in charge for six years (507), and Guiyang County was changed to Chenzhou. Later it was called Guiyang County. Chen County transferred to Guiyang County and Hengzhou.
In the ninth year of Emperor Wendi's reign (589), Guiyang County was changed to Chenzhou. In the third year of Yang Di's great cause (607), Chenzhou was renamed Guiyang County. In the 12th year of Daye (6 16), Guiyang County was changed to Chenzhou. In the 13th year of Great Cause, Chenzhou was changed to Guiyang County. Guiyang County and Chen County in Tan Li area.
Tang Gaozu Wude five years (622), changed Guiyang County to Chenzhou. In the seventh year of Wude, it was renamed Guiyang County. In the 22nd year of Kaiyuan (734), it was changed to Chenzhou. In the first year of Xuantianbao (742), it was renamed Guiyang County. In the first year of Su Zonggan Yuan (758), it was changed to Chenzhou, and the national government moved to Pingyang Pavilion. In the 15th year of Xian Zongyuan (820), the national government moved back to Chen Cheng. In the first year of Zhao Zongtian (904), Chenzhou was changed to Guiyang County of Chenzhou.
In the first year of Kaiping, Taizu of Hou Liang in the Five Dynasties (907), Guiyang County of Chenzhou was changed to Chenzhou. In 936, in the first year of the reign of Emperor Gaozu in the late Jin Dynasty, Chenzhou was changed to Dunzhou, and Chenxian was Dunhua. In the later Han Dynasty, Yin Di was in the third year (950), and then it was changed to Chenzhou and Chenxian. Chenxian County, Chenzhou City, Tan Li.
In the first year of Gande in Song Taizu in the Northern Song Dynasty (963), Chenzhou was changed to Chenzhou Army. Chenzhou Army, Hunan Road, Lijing County.
In the 13th year of Yuan Dynasty (1276), Chenzhou Army changed to Chenzhou, and Chenxian was renamed as Chenyang County. In the fourteenth year of Zhiyuan, Chenzhou was changed to Chenzhou Road.
In the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1368), Chenzhou Road was changed to Chenzhou Prefecture. In the ninth year of Hongwu, Chenzhou was changed to Zhili, Lihu was the province, and Chenyang county was abolished, and the county was directly under the state. In Ming Dynasty, Chen County was called "the city".
Zhili Prefecture of Chenzhou in Qing Dynasty belongs to Chen Gui Road, Hengyong, Hunan Province.
Republic of China (19 12- 1949)
In the 2nd year of the Republic of China (19 13), Zhili Prefecture of Chenzhou was abolished, and the state directly under its jurisdiction was Chen County, which was placed under Chen Guidao, Yong Cheng. County "city" was changed to "city".
In 3 years, Chen County was transferred to Hengyang Road.
In the Republic of China 1 1 year, the waste road system in Hunan Province was directly under Chen County.
65438+In February 2009, regional autonomy was implemented, and Chen Cheng was the "first autonomous region".
In 27 years, in 65438+February, the Eighth Inspector District of Hunan Province was established to administer Chen County.
In the same year, the first autonomous region was changed to "Zaizhen".
In April 29, the eighth inspector district was changed to the third inspector district, which governed the "town".
165438+ 10 In April, the town was changed to Shengping Town.
People's Republic of China (PRC)
1949 10 10. On October 7th, Chen County was liberated and was managed by Hengyang Special Zone. 1 1 In June, the jurisdiction of Chen Li County and Shengping Town of Chen County were changed to Chengguan District.
1950, Chen County was transferred to Chenzhou Special Zone, and Chengguan District was changed to the first district of Chen County.
1952, Chen county was placed under Hunan administrative region, and the first district was re-established as Chengguan District.
1April, 953, Chengguan District was changed to Chengguan Town.
In July, 1954, Chen Li County, Chen County.
1August, 958, Chengguan Town was changed to Chenzhou City, Chenxian County.
1959165438+10 On October 7th, Chenzhou City, Hunan Province was established, belonging to Chen County.
In July, 1960, Chenzhou recorded Chenzhou Special Zone.
1963 In May, Chenzhou City was changed to Chenzhou Town, Chenxian County, and it was still a county-level organizational system.
In March, 1967, Chenzhou Town, Chenxian County was assigned to Chenzhou area.
197765438+February, resumed in Chenzhou City, Hunan Province.
1April, 995, the Chenzhou area was abolished and the prefecture-level Chenzhou city was established; The county-level Chenzhou City was abolished, and the county-level Beihu District was established, which was placed under Chenzhou, Hunan Province.
Local customs and practices
Living customs of the Han and Miao nationalities. Popular in southern Hunan and western Hunan.
The Han nationality in Chenzhou, Guiyang, Linwu, Jiahe and Yizhang counties in southern Hunan often live together with the Miao nationality in the counties and cities under the jurisdiction of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture. They are unwilling to leave their families and live together with different surnames, and are not allowed to live together with other surnames. So a village or a stockade is mostly a surname. For example, Shangzhai Village in Jiahe County is surnamed Hu, Hanglang Village is surnamed Lang, Kuangjia Village is surnamed Lang, Chenxian Bay is surnamed Liao, Xiangxi Zhier Village is surnamed Shi, Yanbanqiao is surnamed Long, and Yangmengzhai is surnamed Yang.
These villages or stockades with the same surname range from hundreds of households and thousands of people to dozens, hundreds and hundreds of people. This custom evolved from the customs of descent tribes. The bigger the village or stockade, the more people and the stronger the power. Generally speaking, strong group cohesion is conducive to development. But it often leads to village-to-village clan fights between one surname and another. However, with the development and change of society, mixed surnames have appeared in villages, and the pattern of simple and pure single surnames living together has been gradually broken.
Seasonal diet customs. It is popular in most parts of Hunan, especially in Hengyang, Chenzhou, Yongzhou and Xiangxi in southern Hunan.
In summer, the whole egg is cooked, peeled and cooked with red dates, which is called "eating long summer eggs".
Southern Hunan, especially Jiahe, Linwu, Lanshan and Guiyang, get up in the morning of long summer, cook the whole egg or duck egg, dye the egg skin with red paper or red dye, put it in a small net bag, tie it to the chest of children, and hang it until noon or afternoon, then peel off the eggshell and eat the egg. People think that eating eggs in the long summer can strengthen the body and walk as fast as flying. As the saying goes, "eggs are eaten in long summer, but slate is broken."
General situation of economy
Since the founding of New China 40 years ago, the economic construction in Beihu District has made great progress. From 65438 to 0989, Chenzhou, the former county-level city, entered the ranks of 36 cities in China with per capita GDP exceeding 800 US dollars. 199 1 year, ranking third among 120 counties and cities with tax payment exceeding 100 million yuan. 1992, the comprehensive strength of Hunan province 108 counties and cities ranked second. From 65438 to 0994, the per capita fiscal revenue and the total retail sales of social goods ranked first in the province, while the savings deposits of urban and rural residents and the total profits and taxes realized by industrial enterprises within the budget ranked second and third respectively in the province.
After the withdrawal of the city and the establishment of the district, the large and medium-sized industrial and commercial enterprises and units in the former city took over the prefecture-level Chenzhou City, and at the same time, the former Chenxian County was incorporated into 1 1 rural towns, and its economic strength weakened. In view of the new situation, the district party committee and the district government put forward the strategic thinking of "inheriting the past and connecting the future, recreating advantages, prospering the city and enriching the peasants, and revitalizing the North Lake" in time, and re-planned and deployed the economic development of the whole region. In 2004, the region's GDP reached 6.22 billion yuan, exceeding the 6 billion yuan mark, an increase of 1 1.5% over the previous year. According to the registered population, the per capita GDP is 20,669 yuan, an increase of 13.3%, which is equivalent to $2,497 per capita at the US dollar exchange rate. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 390 million yuan, an increase of 7.7% over the previous year; The added value of the secondary industry was 3.03 billion yuan, an increase of11.9% over the previous year; The added value of the tertiary industry was 2.8 billion yuan, an increase of 1 1.6% over the previous year. The proportion of tertiary industry structure is 6.3 :48.7:45.0.
administrative division
Located in the middle of Chenzhou City in the southeast of Hunan Province, at the northern foot of Qilianling in Nanling.
Beihu district
43 1002
423000
District People's Government in Renmin West Road
As of June 5438+February 3, 20051,Beihu District has jurisdiction over 4 streets, 5 towns, 7 townships and 2 ethnic townships.
Renmin steet
Jurisdiction: 8 community neighborhood committees in Beihu Road, Guoqing North Road, Renmin West Road, Airplane Ping, Wenhua Road, Renmin East Road, Wanhuachong and Dongfeng.
Beihu neighborhood
Jurisdiction over Jiefang Road, Li Jianshe, Kongjiatang, Shengping Road, Guimenling, Jiankang Road, Meteor Ridge, Tongxin Bridge and Chengxi 9 community neighborhood committees.
Yanquan neighborhood
Jurisdiction: 9 community neighborhood committees in West Street, Heping Road, Yanquan Road, Longquan, Wulidui, Yannan, Yanbei, Luoxian and Huancheng South Road.
Xiameiqiao neighborhood
Jurisdiction: 6 community neighborhood committees in Xiameiqiao, Jinqiao, Sima Dong, Shitouxia, Xinquan and Tonghui.
Shigaitang town
Jurisdiction: Shigaitang Neighborhood Committee; There are 8 village committees in Baishiling, Xiaoxi, Wuxing, Shigaitang, Guangming, Daxi, Bantianjiao and Wanshouqiao.
Huatang town
Jurisdiction: 3 neighborhood committees of Huatang, Coal Mine and Tea Farm; There are 14 village committees in Huatang, Wushan, Lv Zhao, Sanhe, Shishantou, Taipaichong, Tangchang, Laxia, Tukeng Xia, Daquantou, Nan 'an, Tashui, You Shan and Li Hao.
Lutang town
Jurisdiction: Lutang and Graphite Mine 2 neighborhood committees; There are 16 village committees in Taishan Li, Taitung, Shuichedong, Shanglutang, Xialutang, Tongxiang, Bitan, Paradise, Lengshui, Jiaotang, Qianjin, Cuntou, Liyuwan, Renhe, Xinwubei and Hanfu.
Chen Jiang town
Jurisdiction: Trade City Neighborhood Committee; There are 7 village committees in Sanlitian, Yuchai, Xiamei Bridge, Tongxin Bridge, Gaobi, Qilidong and Lishushan.
Wanhuayan town
Jurisdiction: Anhe Neighborhood Committee; There are 10 village committees in Li Jiadong, Xintianling, Dashuxia, tan shan, Xiatang, Anhe, Xia Feng, Zhangjiaping, Leidaqiao and Zenghu.
Jiangkouxiang
Jurisdiction: Jiangkou Neighborhood Committee; There are 10 village committees in Jiangkou, Fengmuling, Longguangdong, Orfila, Zhushui, Gongdeling, Gaotang, Shanglong, Xia Long and Baijutang.
Suburban town
It has jurisdiction over 9 village committees including Tongkeng Lake, Shanshan Mountain, Ouchong, Luoxianpu, Chengqianling, Changchong, Tang Wei, Huaishuxia and Haiquan.
Datang yaozu town
Jurisdiction: Datang neighborhood Committee; Kuandong, Datang, Zhalidong and Xijiang 4 village committees.
Tonghe town
Jurisdiction: Tonghe Neighborhood Committee; There are 7 village committees in Chaotian, Mao Ping, Tonghe, Liyuan, Gallery, Caojiatian and Nianxichong.
baohe the town
Jurisdiction: Baohe Neighborhood Committee; Baohe, Garden, Xiaobu, Xinhua, Dalu, Taibai Cave, Songjiadong, Changping, Chengmaping and 10 Village Committee went to the top.
Yuefengyaozu town
Jurisdiction: Yue Feng Neighborhood Committee; There are 8 village committees: Yue Feng, Shi Si, Huanghualing, Jiemushan, Zhengchong, Tea Garden, Sun and Ren Tao.
Hibiscus Town
Jurisdiction: Furong Neighborhood Committee; 8 village committees in Furong, Changyuan, Liaojiadong, Taoyuan, Wuchangping, Yangtouling, Anyuan and Li Shuxia.
Yongchun town
Jurisdiction: Yongchun neighborhood Committee; 9 village committees: Honghua, Ruijin, Ruifeng, Yongchun, Qingshan, Big Bird, Caikoushui, Tianchi Cave and Xinzhushan.
the town of nanxi
Jurisdiction: Nanxi neighborhood Committee; There are eight village committees: Jiangjiadong, Changtang, Volunteer, Hongxing, Coarse Stone Garden, Nanxi, Future and Dongxi.
Urban economic and technological development zone
Jurisdiction: Yongquan, Xintangchong and Baishuxia community neighborhood committees.
202 1, 1, Xiaokang magazine released the list of the top 100 counties and cities in China in spring, and Beihu District ranked 83rd.
202 1, 1, in 2020, the list of Hunan province's global tourism demonstration zones was released, and Beihu District was on the list.
In June 5438+February 65438+July 2020, the General Office of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism identified Beihu District as the fourth batch of national tourism standardization demonstration units.
2065438+March 2009, Beihu District was included in the list of the first batch of revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization counties (Hunan and Jiangxi areas).
20 16 February16, Beihu district was included in the list of counties (cities, districts) with basically balanced development of compulsory education in China in 20 15.