1. What is non-resistant culture?
Literally, "antibiotic-free" means a culture method without antibiotics. The definition of Baidu entry means that antibiotics, hormones and other exogenous drugs are not used in the breeding process.
2. What are antibiotics?
antibiotics are a kind of secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms (including bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes) or higher animals and plants in the course of life, which have anti-pathogen or other activities and can interfere with the development function of other living cells. At present, antibiotics commonly used in clinic include extracts from the culture solution of genetically engineered bacteria and compounds synthesized or semi-synthesized by chemical methods. The key words in this concept are "anti-pathogens", "interfering cells" and "chemicals".
3. What is the use of antibiotics in aquaculture?
the use of antibiotics in aquaculture can be traced back to the 194s. Moore and other scholars (1946) reported for the first time that adding antibiotics to feed can obviously improve the daily gain of broilers.
Up to now, antibiotics are still the most effective and stable growth-promoting additives, and their growth-promoting principles are as follows: 1. Inhibit or kill pathogenic microorganisms to reduce the incidence; 2. Inhibition of harmful microbial flora in animal intestine is beneficial to maintain the balance of intestinal microorganisms. This effect is even more prominent in the case of poor sanitary conditions and poor management in the breeding grounds; 3. After animals take antibiotics, the weight of small intestine becomes lighter, the intestinal wall becomes thinner and the intestinal villi becomes longer, which improves the absorption rate of nutrients; 4. Feeding antibiotics can reduce the diarrhea of young animals, especially the incidence of diarrhea in young animals that have not sucked colostrum, thus promoting animal growth. Objectively speaking, feed antibiotics have made indelible contributions to the rapid development of modern livestock and poultry industry in China and even in the world.
4. Why should antibiotics be banned?
(1) In today's large-scale farming environment, environmental conditions, density conditions and epidemic prevention conditions will all inhibit the immune system to a greater or lesser extent, such as stress and the opportunity for harmful bacteria to reproduce. Harmful bacteria do harm to the body by constantly replicating and multiplying. However, the mechanism of action of antibiotics is to inhibit the large-scale reproduction of bacteria by inhibiting the replication of genetic material. Unfortunately, one of the characteristics of genetic material is variation. When the external environment is not conducive to the replication of a certain genetic material, the probability of genetic material variation will increase. This led to the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria.
Drug-resistant bacteria are constantly evolving after they are produced, and the development of antibiotics intensifies this evolutionary process. Up to now, even if the fifth generation of antibiotics has appeared, there are still many problems in the treatment of diseases. The evolution of drug-resistant bacteria is always ahead of the new generation of antibiotics. Coupled with the transfer of drug-resistant bacteria and antibiotics from livestock to humans, it is also a great threat to human safety.
(2) The first place where most antibiotics enter the body is the intestine. In the intestine, the microbial flora will not disappear completely after the action of antibiotics. After a period of time, they will find opportunities to colonize the intestinal wall. At this time, harmful bacteria are likely to dominate. When harmful bacteria occupy the intestinal wall on a large scale, diarrhea, constipation and other intestinal troubles will follow. At this time, many pig farms will consider using "anti-diarrhea special" antibiotics. After large-scale use of antibiotics, the intestinal flora will collapse. The consequences can be imagined, and our pig farm is once again caught in a vicious circle of disease and drug use.
(3) With the increasing demand for food safety, farms are also considering how to reduce the use of antibiotics and pursue green food.
5. Can China completely ban antibiotics?
At present, the number of large-scale farms in China is increasing day by day, and the farming economy is depressed, so a large number of small and medium-sized retail investors either give up or go to large-scale farms to make a living. However, large companies use strong economic strength to transform farms, and both the feeding environment and feed nutrition have been improved to varying degrees. Coupled with the extension of the aquaculture industry chain in China, the demand of consumers, the emergence of feed antibiotic substitutes and the standardization of policies, antibiotic-free farming may be realized. But it takes time to verify, and it needs the efforts of all mankind.
6. What are the problems to be faced in realizing non-resistant culture?
firstly, the bad breeding environment. Although our country has made a lot of efforts in standardizing pig farms, there are still great problems in the internal environment of many pig farms. This is the first point. Secondly, some anti-nutritional factors often contained in feed are mainly protein inhibitory factors, carbohydrate inhibitory factors, mineral element bioavailability inhibitory factors, vitamin antagonistic factors, animal immune system stimulating factors and so on. They interfere with the digestion, absorption and utilization of nutrients in feed and affect the digestibility of nutrients. There is also the low utilization rate of feed nitrogen and the poor growth of animals, which promotes the use of antibiotics to promote growth. Finally, like human beings, animals in large-scale pig farms also have all kinds of stress, but animals can't talk, and they need a comfortable individual environment.
7 what should we do first to realize non-resistant culture?
The effect of any antibiotic is inferior to the body's own immune system. To fundamentally improve the health level of pigs, the regulation of the immune system is the real optimal solution. Learning how to regulate the immune system of pigs will be an important skill that the majority of pig farmers must master. Regulating the immune system is often like human health care. The environment is bad, we can't change it, but we must learn to improve our immunity and stay healthy! In layman's terms, it is to let pigs eat well, drink well, sleep well, breathe well and be in a good mood.
8. How to achieve disease-free culture from the aspect of nutrition?
It must be said that microecological technologies or preparations, enzyme preparations, oligosaccharides, acidulants, Chinese herbal medicines and bio-fermented feeds provide some operable cases for the substitution of antibiotics. These substances can improve weight gain and feed conversion rate, enhance immune function, prevent and treat diseases, reduce mortality and improve production efficiency to a certain extent. But each has its own shortcomings, such as the need for a variety of cooperation, which may increase the production cost. Among them, the author is most optimistic about the extract of traditional Chinese medicine. Although there is no standard or reference at present, our industry needs a lot of clinical data to prove that even the new antibiotic products, if the clinical effect of the extract of traditional Chinese medicine is particularly remarkable, why should we refuse it?
9. How to improve immunity in organism to realize non-resistant culture?
The organs mainly targeted are intestine and respiratory tract. Intestine is the main part of digestion and absorption, and mesenteric lymph nodes are very developed; When the intestine is healthy, digestion and absorption will be better, and the resistance to pathogenic microorganisms will be correspondingly enhanced due to lymph nodes; At the same time, due to the improvement of digestion and utilization rate of feed and the reduction of harmful gases in the environment, the respiratory tract will be healthier accordingly. Moreover, the upper respiratory tract and intestine in traditional Chinese medicine are both exterior and interior, and the health of intestine can promote the health of respiratory tract. Moreover, antibiotics are not used in the feed, so the detoxification function of the liver does not need to be overloaded, so the liver is healthy. Therefore, health-care farming is based on protecting the intestine and liver. Only in this way can nutrition be truly realized to regulate the immune function, improve immunity and realize real green and healthy farming.
1. Can Chinese veterinary drug technology achieve antibiotic-free culture?
Chinese herbal medicine feed additive is the most widely used in Chinese veterinary medicine technology, which is a unique cultural treasure in China. The first monograph on natural medicines in the world is Shennong Herbal Path, which records 365 kinds of natural medicines. Yuan Heng, the originator of veterinary medicine, wrote "Yuan Heng Healing Horse Collection", which has a great influence. Chinese herbal medicines are pure natural substances, which can promote the growth of animals, enhance their physique, promote metabolism, improve production performance, resist stress and prevent diseases. So far, more than 2 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines have been found to contain various immune active substances, which can enhance the immune function of animals. Take the feed natural plant additives of Shanghai Chaoxiang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. as an example. After multiple scientific verifications and clinical trials, their products can (1) obviously improve the immune ability of the body, reduce the mortality rate of livestock and poultry, increase the daily weight of livestock and poultry, and reduce the feed-meat ratio; (2) Replacing or greatly reducing the addition of chemical drugs such as antibiotics in the process of culture; (3) Improve the flavor of livestock and poultry products, increase the content of protein, increase the content of essential amino acids and reduce the fat content; (4) Green security; (5) The comprehensive benefit is high, which can produce good economic and social benefits. Generally speaking, plant extract additives can help to realize antibiotic-free feed, but to realize antibiotic-free breeding, we must comprehensively solve the problems of management and pig farm environment. Non-resistant breeding begins with non-resistant feed and begins with reducing the use of antibiotics.
11. What else should we pay attention to to in order to realize disease-free culture?
at present, it still needs to make great efforts to realize the breeding without resistance. Using antibiotic substitutes, improving breeding environment, increasing investment in animal health care, adjusting animal nutrition and improving management need to be taken into account in all aspects, and at the same time, the technical level and sense of responsibility of pig farm personnel should be continuously improved in order to realize antibiotic-free breeding as soon as possible.