Speaking of Sanqi, people in Yunnan are familiar with it. In the past two years, whether it is a pharmacy or a farmer's market, the sale of Sanqi can be seen everywhere, and merchants will also help to grind it into powder on the spot. However, the obstacle of continuous cropping of Panax notoginseng has been restricting its development. On February 29th, Zhu Youyong, academician of China Academy of Engineering and president of Yunnan Agricultural University, introduced that his team had overcome the obstacle of continuous cropping of Panax notoginseng without using any pesticides, and could establish a permanent production base of Panax notoginseng and realize the modernization of Panax notoginseng industry.
Current situation scanning
Sanqi "horse racing" planting
Quality and standardization are difficult to guarantee.
Zhu Youyong introduced that Panax notoginseng is one of the symbols of bio-industry in Yunnan, and it is also a bulk medicinal material in China, with a planting area of 500,000 mu, but the obstacle of continuous cropping is the biggest obstacle to the production of high-quality raw materials. On the same land, the first planting of Panax notoginseng grows well, and the second planting may be difficult to recover even the investment cost. Continuous cropping obstacle exists not only in Panax notoginseng, but also in tobacco, cucumber, tomato and other crops.
Wenshan is an authentic producing area of Panax notoginseng, but due to continuous cropping obstacles, there is almost no suitable land for planting Panax notoginseng in Wenshan, and places where Panax notoginseng was not planted in the southwest have also begun to plant it. According to incomplete statistics, the output of Honghe, Yuxi, Dali, Guizhou and Sichuan exceeded 60% of the total output.
Zhu Youyong said that continuous cropping obstacles lead to the "horse racing" planting of Panax notoginseng, and it is difficult for enterprises or growers to establish long-term production bases, and it is also difficult for the government and industrial departments to effectively supervise them, because they are gradually moving away from the ecological environment of authentic production areas, coupled with environmental impacts such as climate, soil and water sources and farmland. In addition, Sanqi also faces the problems of pesticide residues and heavy metals exceeding the standard.
Analytical governance
Adopt new ecological management methods
Successfully overcome the obstacles of continuous cropping.
Recently, the team of Academician Zhu Youyong announced the adoption of a new ecological management method, which overcame the obstacle of continuous cropping of Panax notoginseng.
Practice shows that compared with pesticide control, the control effects of ecological control without any pesticide on root rot, damping-off, black spot and ring rot are 92.4%, 85.8%, 9 1.3% and 90.5% respectively. For pests, it is very effective to adopt a series of biological control techniques, such as physical control, attracting pests, high-temperature disinfection and improving habitats. Continuous cropping soil should be disinfected by physical methods to eliminate soil-borne dominant pathogens, underground pests, weed seeds and allelochemicals.
The settlement of the obstacle of continuous cropping of Panax notoginseng has established a permanent production base in Wenshan, Yanshan, Qiubei and adjacent ecological Panax notoginseng producing areas, forming a standardized and ecological industrial core of Panax notoginseng. Using the technical innovation of soil improvement and ecological control of pests and diseases to eliminate the pollution of heavy metals and chemical pesticides from the source of planting and ensure the safety of Panax notoginseng products. Zhu Youyong said: "In the experiment, we didn't use any pesticides!" In addition, the network automatic computer management is realized, so that users can see the production situation of Xundian base on the computer.
solve problems
Continuous cropping obstacle
● Manifestation: Continuous cropping of Panax notoginseng leads to necrosis and withering, and the interval 10 ~ 20 years is still difficult to eliminate. It is difficult to plant Panax notoginseng continuously on the same land.
● Reason: It has long been thought that the obstacle of continuous cropping of Panax notoginseng is caused by soil-borne diseases, and it was later found that it is caused by the comprehensive effects of autotoxicity, soil eutrophication, soil microorganisms, soil physical and chemical properties and other factors, so it is difficult to achieve a single measure.
Heat splitting method
● According to the growth and development parameters of Panax notoginseng, researchers built a greenhouse with adjustable light, warm water and fertilizer, and solved the basic elements of growth and development in Panax notoginseng planting by using engineering technology system;
Clarify the pathogen of Panax notoginseng seeds, and establish seed hygiene inspection and treatment technology;
● Develop Sanqi seeder to realize mechanization of sowing and improve work efficiency;
● According to the "three elements" of disease occurrence, take measures such as nitrogen control, temperature control, water control, rain shelter and disinfection to carry out ecological prevention and control of Panax notoginseng diseases and solve the problem of pesticide residues.
Successful practice
● Small-scale experiment: realize continuous cropping for 5 years.
After adopting the management of ecological engineering system, Academician Zhu Youyong experimented with 150 soil improvement methods and 1000 experimental treatments, and debugged the management modes of light, temperature, water and fertilizer. The small experiment succeeded: five years of continuous cropping was realized.
● Pilot test: It has been successfully continuous cropping for 4 years.
The success of the small experiment made the researchers overjoyed and chose five groups of optimization techniques to carry out the pilot experiment. The pilot experiment was fruitful, and the seedling survival rate, plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight and dry weight increased year by year, and continuous cropping has been successful for 4 years.
● Scale-up test: 50 mu has been successfully planted for three consecutive years.
On the basis of pilot test, a set of technical regulations for ecological control of continuous cropping obstacles was optimized, and 50 mu scale-up experiments were carried out in Xundian, Wenshan and Shilin for three consecutive years, which also achieved success.