however, not all the contents of a paper can be accumulated by references, and it is very important to choose references correctly. Then, how can we cite references when writing a paper? How should we choose references correctly?
1. How to cite references is reasonable
How to cite references in papers?
(1) Types of references
There are many types of references, mainly monographs [M], essays [C], newspaper articles [N], journal articles [J], dissertations [D], reports [R], standards [S], patents [P], and articles separated from essays [A].
(2) Number of references cited
The number of references in general academic articles is 2-4, and the number of references in summary articles is generally more than that in research articles. In addition to the review, more than 4 references in other articles indicate that compared with your research results, the discussion and preface may involve too much content and need to be deleted.
(3) citation format in the text of references
The citation format of references in the text is subject to different school requirements, but nothing more than numerical numbers and names.
Numbering is relatively simple. Just number the documents one by one according to the sequence from front to back. In case references need to be added or deleted in the middle, all the figures behind will change. If we manually enter references, it is very troublesome. At this time, you need to use endnote software or other software help cited by relevant references.
There is also a text reference that refers to a person's name. Generally speaking, the literature belongs to an author, so just write the author's name directly; If there are two authors, the two authors are connected by and; If there are three or more authors, enter the name of the first author followed by et al. Since et al. means "equal" in Latin, it needs to be italicized and abbreviated, so it needs to be followed by a dot.
Sometimes we will mention the author's name in the text, and at this time, the citation position of the reference is often followed by the name. For example, it is reported by Li et al. [Li et al., 21] that ...
(4) The content of the reference is consistent with the citation
The content quoted must be from the content of the cited reference. We can roughly judge whether the quotation is correct by the title of the reference. It is definitely wrong to quote the donkey's lips from the horse's mouth, and it must be revised when encountering such a reference.
(5) Quote original documents as much as possible
In order to save trouble, many students quote the sentences in a document and quote other references cited in this article again, which is the second citation. The harm of second citation is that in the process of citation, someone will definitely misinterpret the meaning of the original text, and make mistakes again and again, which is similar to the truth of spreading error from one source to another.
so how to avoid this situation? We can refer to the original documents cited twice to see how the original documents are described and whether the quoted sentence conforms to the contents of the original documents. Only by making sure that there is no mistake can you avoid misquoting.
(6) Try to choose newer literature
This is not absolute. If this paper we wrote was really researched in the early years, we will re-study it after a period of interruption. At this time, it is inevitable to quote the literature of earlier years. Moreover, some documents are really classic, and the ideas put forward are all reasonable so far, so it is understandable to quote these documents at this time. But after all, these two situations are few, and most of the research is based on the latest research. Therefore, there must be several newer references to cite references, in order to show the significance and importance of our research, especially the description in the introduction.
(7) the grade of references
the grade of references determines the grade of the articles we write to some extent. Most of our citations are articles with about 2-5 marks, so our articles can be issued with about 2-5 marks. Of course, the reviewer will not pay attention to this problem, because no one will verify the influencing factors of the documents you quoted one by one.
Second, how to correctly select references
(1) Avoid selecting references that are divorced from the theme of the paper
Selecting references must closely focus on the theme and serve the theme of expression and demonstration. It is a basic principle of selecting references to choose what can effectively explain, highlight and contrast the theme, or to abandon it. Some papers often make the mistake of giving up what one favours when using references, and write some references unrelated to the theme into the article, which is out of touch with the theme and affects the expression of the theme.
even some papers just use the latest references irrelevant to the topic of the paper to reflect the novelty of the references, which not only fails to reflect the novelty of the references, but also makes the contents cumbersome and redundant.
(2) The selected reference is not typical enough
The so-called typical reference refers to those references that are most characteristic and representative, can effectively reveal the essence of things and can intensively express the theme of the paper. It is not necessary to select materials around the theme, and in fact, it is impossible to write all the references related to the theme. Typical references must be carefully selected.
For very classic references, we should briefly summarize whether they are too old, too old or well-known references. Even typical references, too old or well-known references can demonstrate our theme, but they make the content of the article not novel enough.
(3) The selected references are not true enough
Only the references used in the paper are true can they have strength. The so-called truthfulness means that the references really exist objectively and can reflect the original appearance of objective things. Only when the references used in the paper are true can the argument stand up and be convincing. However, some papers are inaccurate in selecting materials, fail to identify the authenticity, and the historical figures, events, time, place, figures, quotations, etc. cited are not carefully checked, resulting in errors.
when quoting references, we should be careful not to make mistakes in every detail of the references, and be absolutely accurate in the abstract of figures. We should not let the original accurate real references become false references or untrue references because of our negligence.