Please tell me about Celestron 80EQ German equatorial mount. What is the adjustment in the place in the picture?

The one you marked is the locking screw.

When adjusting the elevation angle, loosen this screw. After adjusting the elevation angle, the latitude and elevation adjustment screw does not need to be moved anymore. Then tighten the locking screw and lock it.

After locking, the shaking of the upper body will be reduced,