What do the primary and secondary reductions in reducing joints or tees refer to?

Your main pipe or big head is DN250, the small head or reducer is DN200, which is a first-level reduction; the small head or reducer is DN150, which is a second-level reduction.

To put it simply, the reduction diameter that is one size smaller than the main pipe is the first-level reduction, and the two sizes smaller is the second-level reduction.