Tone and rhyme are two concepts. Tone, in ancient Chinese, is flat; In modern Chinese, the ascending tone of Yin and Yang has been classified as Yin and Yang respectively. Why is this happening? Because this involves the reform of Chinese characters and the promotion of the main language, Putonghua. But as a discipline, we can't help but realize the position and function of Rusheng in ancient Chinese, and we can't help but see that it appears very frequently in metrical poems. It can be said that in Tang poetry and Song poetry, no matter whether it is famous or not, there are tone-entering figures in every poem, but it is only a matter of more or less. Because the pronunciation of Rusheng words no longer exists in most places, it is necessary for friends who can't read Rusheng words well to memorize them in the phonetic alphabet to adapt to the unique "patent" of writing metrical poems. In other fields of Chinese studies, this phenomenon is rarely touched. Another point is that there is now a computer detection function to check the level. I have a look, and there is basically no big error. However, in this function, there are no individual polyphonic words and individual tone-entering words, so friends who use this function will inevitably be misled at individual times. There is still a lot of knowledge about this sound, which can be discussed slowly in the future.
Let's talk about rhyme again. The conditions for forming rhyme have not changed since ancient times, but the distinction between rhyme and rhyme is changing with the times. So some people read ancient poems and feel that they don't rhyme. That's the reason. For example, the pronunciation and rhyme of the words "Xie", "Zhi" and "Er" have changed.
From Qieyun, Tangyun, Guang Yun, Pingshui Rhyme, Zhongyuan Rhyme to Modern Rhyme (of course, there are other rhymes) are constantly summarized and improved in the development of language. Therefore, when writing poetry, don't always hold a horizontal rhyme table and strut to ridicule others. Anyone can check the table of Dongdongjiang Branch, and you can't deny the practice summary of other rhyme books just because you point out the table network of Pingshui Rhyme.
Another point is that when writing meter, you should not only get the flat rhyme of the collection, but also know the "thirteen strings". The names of 13 strings are respectively: 1 fahua, 2 Sobo, 3 Muxie, 4 Gusu, 5 clothing days, 6 Huailai, 7 ash piles, 8 remote roads, 9 self-seeking, 65433. Thirteen rhymes are summed up on the basis of practice, and the system wider than Pingshui rhyme is also the rational use of rhyme system. It clearly shows the complementarity between "opening mouth", "arranging teeth", "closing mouth" and "clamping mouth" in Chinese. For example:
Topic Xilin wall
Su Shi
Looking at Lushan Mountain from the front and side of peaks and valleys, from far, near, high and low places, Lushan Mountain presents various faces.
I can't recognize the true face of Lushan Mountain because I am there.
Feng is just like Tong (Zhong).
The peak character here is in the second part of Pingshui rhyme (the second winter), and the same Chinese character is in the first part (the first east). Can you say that Su Dongpo doesn't know rhyme? Actually, it rhymes. If you search by some people, it won't be in a rhyme department! Ha ha! I would definitely say that Su Dongpo is an amateur.
Then Cao Xueqin's "Kite Rhyme":
From Xinyan to early autumn, the wings are full, and it seems that the youth is weak.
Huang Kou is still childish, and Spring Festival travel rush has become an adult.
God's eyes are clear, his eyes are clear, and his eyebrows are protruding.
The world is not full of corners, and the mind is open and happy.
In the morning, butterflies turn over the flower beds, and at dusk, one enters the clouds.
Invite Xinyu to find a fairyland and visit Wuling with old friends.
Run to the sky, spread your wings, and Wan Li will ride the long wind.
There is nothing to fly between the lines. I will go back to the north next spring.
The eight rhymes of capacity, shape, peak, male, stratum, mausoleum, wind and cheng exist in several rhymes of Ping Shui Yun. It will also be judged as rhyming by people who can only look up the rhyme table. However, if you look at it from thirteen aspects, it rhymes.
Therefore, it is normal for modern poetry, modern poetry and contemporary poetry to rhyme. You can't just compare the rhyme of a poem with the table of horizontal rhyme. Of course, it is also true that the energy is all in one rhyme of Pingshui rhyme.
Therefore, when we write poems, I advocate using horizontal rhyme and thirteen strokes, which is like this: (I will give an example after each rhyme)
Flower is a word that rhymes with hair and flowers. We don't care about initials, as long as the vowel is a, (killing) ua (
Hang), all in this rhyme.
Second, Sober, that is, a word that rhymes with Sober and Sober. Vowels contain e, (che) uo. (many)
The three oblique vowels include ie (all) and ue (boots).
Sigusu, vowel with u (thick).
In the fifth stage, vowels contain I (low) and -I (child) ≤ (fish).
Liu Huailai, vowels contain ai (open) and Huai (pregnant) uai.
Seven ash piles, with ei (Hui) and ui(uei) in vowels.
Ba Yuan, vowels include ao (island) and iao (religion).
Jiuyuqiu, vowels include ou (funny) and iu(iou) (lost)
Ten words ago, vowels included an (Dan), uan (diamond) and ian (front). Luan (yuan)
Eleven people were born, and their vowels include en (dot), in (present), un (question) and ün (halo).
Jiang Yang, with vowels including ang (Zhang), ang (Qiang) and Qiang (Zhuang).
In the 13th Middle East, vowels include ong (loose), ONG (poor) and eng (sound) ing (clear).
This simple arrangement is that beginners don't find rhyme mysterious. You only need to rhyme according to the words with the same rhyme, that is, rhyme, whether it is flat or not. Some people say that you don't rhyme with horizontal rhyme, so use these thirteen rhymes to say that you rhyme. Of course, both know more comprehensively. This is easy for primary school teachers who teach Chinese Pinyin.
Finally, I want to talk about the problem of rhyme. This problem is both theoretical and practical. The tone itself rhymes. You can take a rhyme of Nian Nujiao and Manjianghong casually. This rhyme is not all in one rhyme, but it rhymes, for example:
Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia
Song sushi
The surging river flows eastward, and those heroes of the past are gone forever.
To the west of the base of human homeland is the Red Cliff in Zhou Lang of the Three Kingdoms.
Rock clouds break, waves beat the shore, and thousands of piles of snow are rolled up.
The majestic rivers and mountains are picturesque, and many heroes emerge at once.
Back in Gong Jin,
Xiao Qiao is newly married, handsome and heroic,
Feather fan black silk scarf, laughing, strong Lu ashes.
I am wandering in the battlefield today. I feel a feeling heart and give birth to white hair prematurely.
Things are like a dream, a bottle or a month.
The sound of things, walls, snow, beauty, extinction, hair, the moon and everything. According to the dictionary, vowels are very different, but they rhyme in ancient Chinese, and they are subject to the entering rhyme.
See 1935+00 June Mao Zedong wrote "Niannujiao Kunlun";
It turned out to be life, Kunlun Mountain, reading all the spring scenery in the world.
You are like three million flying Yu-lung Pai, cutting through the sky.
Summer dissolves, the river is full, and people are fish or turtles.
Who commented on the crime of Millennium work?
Now my name is Kunlun: not so high, not so much snow.
Andrew leaned against heaven and drew his sword, cutting you into three parts?
One piece stays in Europe, one piece is given to the United States, and one piece is returned to the East.
A peaceful world, the whole world is so cold and hot.
Color, color, color, color, color, color, color, color, color, color, color, color, color, color, color, color, color, color, color, color, color, color, color, color, color, color, color.
In other words, the rhyme of a poem is Rusheng, which is a rhyming poem. To tell the truth, I suffered a lot in order to master the intonation. After a year or two of comparison and practice abroad, I know that the pronunciation of short and stop is called "Rusheng", and correspondingly, the vowels of words pronounced Rusheng are called Rusheng vowels, because these vowels are different from ordinary non-Rusheng vowels. Now I can distinguish the entering tone words at a glance, not without efforts, because I haven't fully mastered them on the Internet. It is ok to keep it in mind, but it is necessary to find out what kind of voice it belongs to now, why it is warm and elegant, and why it always appears in the heroic aphorisms of Man Jianghong and Nian Nujiao. You can sort out your thoughts and communicate with your poetry friends slowly in the future. However, I am still in the process of learning