Supplementary knowledge:
△ Conductor and insulator:
A. conductor: some objects are good at conducting electricity and are called conductors. For example, metal, human body, earth, graphite, acid, alkali and salt solution are all conductors.
B. Insulator: Some objects that are not good at conducting electricity are called insulators, such as rubber, glass, plastic, ceramics, oil, pure water, dry paper, dry sticks and dry air.
C. Explanation of conductivity and insulation: The reason why the conductor conducts electricity is that there are charges (+,-) in the conductor that can move freely (metal conducts electricity because there are a lot of free electrons (-) in the metal); The reason why insulators are insulated: Almost all charges are bound in the atomic range and cannot move freely.
There is no clear boundary between conductor and insulator. After the conditions change, the insulator can become a conductor and the conductor can also become an insulator. For example, heating causes some electrons in the insulator to break free from atoms and become free charges. At this time, the insulator becomes a conductor.
I hope I can help you. You can ask questions ~ ~ ~
I wish you progress in your studies and go up a storey still higher! (*^__^*)
Edited on 20 12-08- 18.
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Which substances can conduct electricity and which substances can't?
The reason why a conductor can conduct electricity is that it has a freely movable charge. For a solution conductor, it is usually formed by dissolving an electrolyte in a solvent. Obviously, there are a lot of positive and negative ions and movable charges in it. For a metal conductor, the nuclei in its crystal structure are closely arranged, but its outer electrons are usually in a free state, so it is easy to conduct electricity. Insulators are usually molecular crystals or atomic crystals. Molecular crystals are mostly organic materials. They mainly form crystals by van der Waals force between molecules, and there are no movable electrons. Atomic crystals are formed by the close arrangement of atoms, and there is no large amount of mobile charges. However, it is worth noting that graphite is a good conductor of electricity. In fact, it is not a pure atomic crystal, but a complex mixed crystal.
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Know what is conductive and what is not.
Conductors and insulators A. Conductors: Some objects are good at conducting electricity, and they are called conductors. For example, metal, human body, earth, graphite, acid, alkali and salt solution are all conductors. B. Insulator: Some objects that are not good at conducting electricity are called insulators, such as rubber, glass, plastic, ceramics, oil, pure water, dry paper, dry sticks and dry air.
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What is not conductive?
Conductivity: electrolyte solution: hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and other solutions. Metals: such as iron, silver and copper. Others: such as human body and earth. Non-conductive: rubber: pure water dry wood glass, etc. There are free-moving electrons in a conductor, so an object that can conduct electricity is called a conductor, and there are also free-moving electrons inside the conductor. Objects that can't conduct electricity are called insulators. Conductors are widely used in life, for example, all electrical appliances in the home are conductive. There is also an object between the conductor and the insulator, which is a semiconductor with unilateral conductivity. You can know the details of semiconductors, such as diodes or thyristors. There are electrons in the conductor that can move freely, and the electrons move directionally to form a current. Classified solid conductivity refers to the long-distance migration of electrons or ions in the solid under the action of electric field, which is usually dominated by a kind of charge carrier, such as: electron conductor, which is the main body of conductivity; Ionic conductivity based on ionic carriers; Mixed conductors have both carriers and ions. In addition, some electrical phenomena are not caused by carrier migration, but by solid polarization induced by electric field, such as dielectric phenomena and dielectric materials. [2] We usually refer to materials with poor electrical and thermal conductivity, such as diamond, artificial crystal, amber, ceramics and rubber, as insulators. Metals with good electrical and thermal conductivity, such as gold, silver, copper, iron, tin and aluminum, are called conductors. The material between conductor and insulator can be simply called semiconductor. In metal, some electrons can move freely inside the metal without being bound by the nucleus. This kind of electron is called a free electron. Metals conduct electricity through free electrons. Compared with metals and insulators, the discovery of semiconductor materials is the latest. It was not until the 1930s, when the purification technology of materials was improved, that the existence of semiconductors was truly recognized by academic circles.
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What are the conductive objects?
Salt water is the easiest to conduct electricity, because salt (NaCl) is soluble in water, and there are a lot of Na+ and Cl- ions in the water, which can move freely, greatly improving the conductivity of salt water. Pure water has the lowest conductivity, and the free ions in it are only H+ and OH-, but the number is too small. The conductivity of sugar water is between pure water and salt water.
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What substance can conduct electricity? What substance can't conduct electricity?
Metals can conduct electricity; Graphite can conduct electricity; Non-metallic simple substance is generally not conductive; * * * Valence compounds are generally not conductive; Solids of ionic compounds are usually not conductive; Conductivity of ionic compounds in solution: the solution of acid, alkali and salt is conductive; Ionic compounds conduct electricity after melting. Essence: The essence of the matter conduction problem is: Is there any charge (free electron, anion and cation) that can move freely in the matter? If there is, it must be conductive; Without it, it will not conduct electricity. Common conductive substances: gold, silver, copper, aluminum, platinum, etc. Classification: We usually refer to materials with poor electrical and thermal conductivity, such as diamond, artificial crystal, amber, ceramics, rubber and so on, as insulators. Metals with good electrical and thermal conductivity, such as gold, silver, copper, iron, tin and aluminum, are called conductors. The material between conductor and insulator can be simply called semiconductor. The ones that conduct electricity easily are called conductors.
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