Papers, patents, standards, etc. Can be counted as scientific research results. No one in these categories is more advanced, just look at the gold content of the results themselves. For example, the publication of a paper may depend on which journal it is published in, whether it is included in SCI or EI, and how many citation factors it has reached; For example, patents, if they are standard essential patents, are much heavier than ordinary patents; For example, it is definitely better to be a national standard than an enterprise standard, and even better if it is internationally recognized. Therefore, it is generally a comparison between the same kind, and papers and patents are not comparable.
As for motivation, it is nothing more than carrots and sticks.