1. A 400-word historical essay about Gutian Dalong 2. This "Wandering Dragon" made of paper actually set a Guinness World Record? 3. Have you ever watched Gutian Dalong? A 400-word historical essay about Gutian Dalong
Chinese people have always regarded the dragon as the totem of the Chinese nation. We are therefore called "descendants of the dragon". You Dalong in Gutian Town, Liancheng County, western Fujian, is famous far and wide and is known as the "No. 1 Dragon in the World".
On the fifteenth day of the first lunar month during the Lantern Festival, Hakka people have the custom of visiting the dragon. The dragon is made of paper, bamboo strips and wooden boards. Starting from three or four o'clock in the evening, families with dragon lanterns will carry out the dragon lanterns section by section and join them at the designated location. The whole dragon has about 40 to 100 sections. The dragon's tail is held upright alone, dozens of meters away from the dragon's body. It means "the dragon sees its head but not its tail".
After the dragons are assembled, light the candles. The young and middle-aged people in each household are tied with a small bowl-shaped bag made of cowhide to carry the pole. There are firecrackers lit in front of the big dragon's head, and there are lighting teams carrying lanterns, and gongs and drums teams wandering around wherever the dragon goes. Every household must burn rosin to welcome the dragon, in order to seek its blessings. The parade was almost over until eleven o'clock at night. The young people were extremely excited at this time, holding the big dragon in their hands, moving left and right, fast and slow, making the big dragon show its nature of making waves and turning rivers and seas upside down. The friction and collision between people left the big dragon covered with bruises, but he was endlessly happy.
Early the next morning, people carried the big dragon and paraded around to bring good luck to everyone. At noon, the dragon went straight to the designated open field and prepared to burn it. A pile of dry straw of about 500 square meters should be piled there, and tributes should be placed. After that, the dragon had to walk three times around the straw pile, and people started running excitedly and quickly again. The dragon lanterns were in tatters from being squeezed against each other. What’s interesting is that when the dragon travels, people compete with each other to see who makes the most beautiful dragon body. But at the end of the dragon parade, people compete with each other to see who makes the most ragged dragon body, which means who is the most auspicious. Finally, people burned the dragon body together with the straw pile, which symbolized that the real dragon was cremated and ascended to heaven, which can ensure the peace of the country and the people, good weather and good harvests.
The Gutian Youdalong is a precious material cultural heritage of our country. It has been included in the Guinness Book of Records. The dragon at that time had 237 knots. From a distance, it looked like a giant dragon entrenched in the mountains. It really deserves to be regarded as a wonderful flower of Hakka folk culture! I am also looking forward to the 2012 Lantern Festival feast, I believe it will be another visual enjoyment!
This "Wandering Dragon" made of paper actually set a Guinness World Record?
The taste of the New Year in the memory of Gutian Dalong Tour
Gutian Dalong Tour is a local traditional folk activity in Gutian Town. It originated during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty and has a history of more than 400 years. It is intended to pray for good weather and good harvests. In 2012, Gutian Youdalong broke the Guinness World Record for the longest parade float.
Gutian dragons are mostly made from "Lianshi paper". Deng Jinkun, the inheritor of Lianshi paper making technology in Fujian Province, said that people in Gutian especially like dragons. If there is no dragon during the Spring Festival, it will feel very deserted. , this became their traditional habit.
On the Lantern Festival night on the 15th day of the first lunar month, in Gutian Village, a big dragon flies around and many onlookers gather. The dragon, which is more than 200 knots and 1,000 meters long, meanders through the countryside and through the streets and alleys, prances up and down, and is lifelike. Along the way, men, women, old and young flocked to the dragon parade, following each other in front, left and right. The dragon parade was several miles long and very lively. Wherever they go, pine trees are lit, incense candles are lit, fruit tea is placed, and firecrackers are set off in front of every house to welcome the "dragon as it travels the earth and joyfully comes to the world."
The production technology of "Lian Shi Paper" has been passed down for more than 400 years.
The "Lian Shi Paper" used by Gutian Youdalong, also known as Lian Si Paper, is native to Fujian and Jiangxi. It is a high-grade bamboo handmade paper. The paper of Lianshi paper is white, thin, uniform, heat-resistant and durable. Because of its excellent durability, it is known as the "thousand-year longevity paper".
Deng Jinkun, the inheritor of Lianshi paper production technology in Fujian Province, said that the bamboo fiber of Lianshi paper is shorter than that of rice paper, so its durability change value can reach 2.8. It was also because he felt the charm of Lianshi paper that he became a craftsman.
Master Deng said that in ancient times, moso bamboo was used to sell bamboo paper overseas, so bamboo paper became a bulk export commodity on the Maritime Silk Road. In this way, a lot of money was exchanged, so bamboo paper was made. Gutian Town is also called "Golden Gutian" and Juxi is called "Yin" Juxi.
But now the inheritance of "Lian Shi Paper" is facing difficulties.
Deng Jinkun, the inheritor of Fujian Province’s Lianshi Papermaking Craftsmanship
Because fiber shorting is difficult, it scares away many young people from learning, so cultivating inheritors has become very important. I have an idea to use intelligence to offload difficult processes to the assembly line and make the process simpler. In this way, I think more people will be willing to join.
Finally, Master Deng also wrote New Year blessings for everyone on the history paper he made, wishing everyone good luck and good luck in the Year of the Tiger.
Have you ever seen Gutian Dalong?
The origin and distribution of Gutianyou Dalong Dragon Head (Yiyou Dalong’s head)
Youlong in Gutian Town originated from Dengwu in Xiabao Village during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. According to research, the eighth ancestor of Dengwu Deng Ying, a native of the Ming Dynasty, served as the inspector of Chaozhou Prefecture, and later settled in Chaozhou. His younger brother Deng Gong still lived in Dengwu, Gutian. The drawings were brought back to Gutian for imitation. Not long after, Gutian Dengwu held a dragon parade for the first time during the Lantern Festival. On the 14th night of the first lunar month, the dragon visited Zhongbao, Houyang and other villages. The villagers were overjoyed, lighting pine trees and setting off firecrackers in front of every house to welcome the dragon. .
The dragon at that time was too small and short, with a diameter of only about 0.4 meters and a length of only more than 20 knots. After many improvements, the height and width of the dragon were finalized during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. The style is perfect and has been passed down to this day. The dragon head is 2.4 meters in height, 7 meters in length, 0.8 meters in diameter, and 0.7 meters in diameter. The dragon's mouth is wide open and contains a large red dragon ball with a diameter of 0.6 to 0.7 meters, which is large enough to swallow. The dragon's waist is 2.2 meters high, its maximum diameter is 0.7 meters, and its length is 4.3 meters. The dragon's tail is 2.4 meters high, 6 meters long, and its maximum diameter is 0.8 meters. There are 8 people in the class, one person looks at the road to see if there are any obstacles in front, 3 people hold the dragon head, and 4 people use ropes to hold the dragon head from all directions to keep it balanced and reduce the weight of the dragon tail and body. , followed by three people. It is said that the dragon's tail is connected to hold it up, which is similar to a real dragon and will attract thunder, lightning, and storms, so it is not connected to the dragon's body (also known as the "bridge"). A 6 cm hole is drilled at each end of the dragon board, and a 2-meter-long dragon stick made of small bamboo is inserted into the hole between the joints, and the dragon stick is placed in a "jaw bag" (made of cowhide) at the lower end. In this way, the dragon can be lifted up and travel. Each bridge requires at least two dragons to be competent.
From the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, there were 12 big dragons in Gutian, distributed in Shangbao and Shangbao. Among the 11 villages including Zhongbao, Xiabao, Hualong, Chengdou, Changjie, Shangyu, Xiayu, Donghua, Bailian and Yangdi, there are 9 dragons composed of two or three surnames combined into one. , for example, the three surnames Chen, Lai, and Sang in Shangbao are combined into one entry; Dengwu and Wantang in Xiapu Village (the two surnames Deng and Jiang are combined into one entry, Zhouwu and Huangwu (the two surnames Zhou and Huang are combined into one entry); Xiaoyangdi The three surnames of Deng, Zhan, Qian and Zhangjiao are combined into one.
After the founding of New China, the number of Gutian Dalong has gradually decreased. There are only three dragons left in Zhongbao and Xiabao, including Dengwu, Wantang, and Chengdou.
(The date of the second dragon and the burning dragon date)
The thirteenth and the fourteenth. Burning dragon: 1 from Xiaoyangdi;
Dragon was born on the 14th, dragon burning at 15: 1 in Huakeng, 1 by Deng and Jiang (1 in Dengwu and Wantang;
Ten Five dragons appear, sixteen burn dragons: Shangbao, Zhongbao, Yuanjia, Hutou, Xiayu, Yangdi, Chengdou, Changjie, etc. 8;
Sixteen dragons appear, seventeen dragons appear Shaolong: 1 surnamed Zhou and Huang
(Characteristics of the big dragons in Sangutian
Among the 12 big dragons in Gutian, the shapes are similar, and 5 of them are the most distinctive. The introduction is as follows:
The dragon in Dengwu "agees well".
Dengwu in Gutianxiabao began to visit dragons in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. A few years later, Hongcaigong, the fifteenth generation of Dengwu, identified with his neighbor Jiang Zhixian of Wantang. Later, Dengwu and Wantang (the surnames of Deng and Jiang were combined) The number of "bridges" of this dragon is generally about fifty or sixty.
The dragon in Zhongbao "grows well". The two surnames of Baojiang and Hua were combined, Qinglong. As the population grew, so did the number of dragons. Starting from the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the two surnames were separated for one year. Regardless of whether the dragon surname is Jiang or Hua, more than 100 bridges are needed. If there are difficulties and cannot make up 100 bridges, dragon eggs can be used to make up for every two bridges of dragon eggs. From then on, the two surnames are still together today. According to this regulation, the characteristics of "good appearance" are maintained.
There are two best dragons in the world, and the first one was in 1946, with a length of 173 knots. More than 700 meters. Another time in 2002, there were 230 sections and more than 900 meters.
The dragons in Huakeng are "very tall". The size and length of the dragons in Huakeng are the same as those in other villages. But its height when it starts swimming is unique and astonishingly high. The first pole of the dragon head is one foot and two feet long, the second pole is one foot and one foot and nine, and the third pole is one foot and one foot and eight. By analogy, each bridge is one inch shorter, but there are not many bridges, usually only thirty or forty bridges, so the last dragon stick is also eight feet high, which is more than two feet higher than the dragon sticks in other villages. In special locations where flat roads are not possible, one should choose a slope with short ropes tied between bridges. They shout "Kick up!" and immediately lift them up. The movements of the dragon sticks they use cannot be uneven. There is no device for raising the fence, and the top is in the shape of a cross. When shouting "Land down", the people of Huakeng are particularly skillful in holding the dragon, and their strength is impressive. The dragon's head does not need to be pulled by a rope, and the dragon's waist does not need to be inserted into the bag. They hold the dragon with both hands, and only wear a belt around their waist. When they are tired, they can put the dragon stick on the belt and take a rest while strutting along. The dragon in Huakeng is not only "very tall". ", and "swim well".
The dragons surnamed Zhou and Huang in Xiabao "draw well". Zhou and Huangwu were originally people who swim in lanterns, but later changed to dragons. Their dragons The paintings are like holding a farmer's painting exhibition. The audience likes to see a few dragon scales and clouds painted on the dragon's body. Most of the paintings are about double dragons playing with pearls, red phoenixes and sunrises, plums, orchids, bamboos and chrysanthemums, peonies and peonies, treasures presented by the Eight Immortals, and gifts from fairies. The dragons, roosters, white cranes, exotic flowers, carps leaping over the dragon gate, etc. are not only well drawn, but also the poems and sentences on the cutouts at both ends are well done, and the fonts are real, cursive, official, and seal, both modern and ancient calligraphy. Dragon painting skills have been passed down from generation to generation, so their dragons have been praised as "good at painting" since ancient times.
Chengdou Chen, Jiang, Yang and Li. 4. The dragon surnamed "carries well". The dragon in Chengdou has to swim along the river and take many field roads, but in an orderly manner, and the audience applauds.
(The meaning of the four-row dragon). >1. The bridge of friendship and the bond of unity
Gutian Qinglong is a dragon with two or three surnames. The relationship between these Heqinglong surnames is very good, just like brothers, and there has never been any sectarian fighting. The two surnames Ruhua and Jiang have lived together for hundreds of years, and they get along very harmoniously. Year by year, the dragons are handed over and taken over. On the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, if the surname Jiang is born, a group of dragons named You Longtou and Longwei must go to the main temple of the Hua family to burn incense with several blunderbuss, incense, paper, cannons, and two pairs of big dragon candles. , shoot muskets, and fire cannons to show respect; if the Chinese surname is born as a dragon, the courtesy will be reciprocated as usual. It has been passed down for more than ten generations, and it is still followed today. The two surnames have lived in harmony and lived in peace through the generations.
2. Cultivate dragon-making artistic talents
The technique of making dragons in Gutian has been passed down from generation to generation. Father Zhalong and his son helped each other, and after two years of helping each other, they learned it invisibly. Making the dragon includes preparing dragon boards, preparing sinews and bones, tying dragon heads, tying dragon tails, tying dragon waists, tying dragon claws, tying dragon eggs, pasting and mounting, drawing dragons, cutting and pasting, inscriptions, installing lamps, preparing dragon sticks, and preparing pockets. There are 15 processes including preparing bagging cloth. The dragon's skeleton is made of bamboo strips, mounted on rice paper and painted with dragon scales and clouds. The production time is from the third to the fourteenth day of the lunar month, and each dragon waist section takes at least four days.
On the eighth day of the first lunar month of 1991, the Longyan Camellia Festival was held. Gutian Dalong is going on a street trip in Longyan during the Camellia Festival.
In late December, 30 people were organized to go to Longyan to tie dragons. It only took ten days to tie up a large 108-section dragon and a small 12-section dragon and mount them on their backs. On the second day of the Lunar New Year, 20 people were organized to draw dragons, so that each section of the dragon had a different image, and the poems, sentences, and couplets cut at both ends of the dragon in each section were not repeated. The Gutian Peasant Poetry Society selected three talents who could write, draw, and compose poems to participate. These people lived up to their high expectations and completed the task of painting and writing poems and lyrics on the seventh day of the Lunar New Year. The couplet inscribed on the dragon head is: "The great dragon in the world is the first; the Yancheng Flower Festival is the first." The word "Longyan" is easily embedded in it, and the title is very accurate. During this trip to Longyan Camellia Festival, Dalong's calligraphy and paintings were well received by the literary and art circles.
In the large-scale folk street parade to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the founding of Longyan City, Liancheng County showed off the majestic appearance of Gutian Dalong. What appears in the eyes of Yancheng citizens is a giant dragon with 79 sections and nearly 300 meters long.
3. Combine exercise with fun and increase physical fitness
When holding the dragon, both hands, feet, eyes, shoulders and head must move all over. Taking a stance, letting the energy sink into the Dantian, and squatting down with steady legs are the basic skills of Qinglong. When the dragon enters the corner (a 90-degree sharp turn), if you don't know how to deal with it, you will definitely be tired and sweating profusely. If it is windy, it is the most strenuous thing. A dragon weighs hundreds of kilograms per section, and at this time you You have to press your head against the dragon stick against the wind, use your feet hard, spread your legs, and hold the dragon stick tightly with both hands to prevent the dragon from being blown down by the wind. All your strength will be naturally exerted in holding the dragon. This is an excellent skill.
In 1991, the dragon traveled to Longyan at the Camellia Festival. "One night, the dragon traveled all over the world; three gunshots sounded in Jiuzhou." Foreign guests in Longyan witnessed it with their own eyes. Gutian Dalong’s majestic appearance was praised a lot. The video was also broadcast in Malaysia and Taiwan, which caused a sensation. The reporter of Gutian Dalong in 1992 was broadcast in the “China Style” column. The photographer took pictures of Gutian Dalong and published them in Fujian Pictorial. On the eighth day of the Lunar New Year in 1996, Sichuan TV broadcasted Gutian Dalong. , famous at home and abroad.
Gutian people love dragons and regard the dragon as a symbol of good weather and peace for the country and the people. With the advancement of social civilization, the traditional activity of dragon swimming will become more healthy. development, adding luster to the Chinese national culture
4. Reflecting Gutian’s unique materials
4.1 The bamboo forest resources of Zhadalong
Gutian’s water conservancy, The town is rich in mineral resources and forest resources. The town has a forest area of ??435,000 acres and a forest volume of more than 2 million cubic meters. It is one of the important forest areas in Liancheng and has a bamboo forest area of ??more than 60,000 acres. There are 7.2 million moso bamboo trees. Important parts such as the dragon skeleton and the dragon stick are all produced in this bamboo forest.
4.2 Rice paper for mounting the dragon. Liancheng rice paper has a history of more than 400 years. Bamboo paper and leather paper are produced in Liancheng County. During the Qi Dynasty of Ming Dynasty, the papermaking masters from Gutian Town went to Shaowu area to learn the local papermaking technology. After returning, they combined the local technology and improved it, forming the unique Liancheng rice paper. Production process.
"It is not easy to make a piece of paper, but it is unexpected" refers to the cumbersome production process of natural bleaching of Liancheng rice paper, which has 72 main processes including material preparation and paper making. The two parts take a total of about 8 months to prepare. The first step is to cut green bamboo, which means going up the mountain to cut young bamboo, then lowering the young bamboo to the bamboo pond, which takes 2 months to soak; then the soaked tender bamboo is washed into bamboo. The silk and billet are blown, first soaked in lime water, washed and cooked with cooking materials, then impregnated with soda ash, and cooked again with cooking materials; the bamboo silk is washed and dried on bamboo poles to make bamboo silk cakes, which are bleached on the mountain for 3 Months later, it is sent to the shaving room for shaving. At this point, the raw materials for papermaking are just prepared. The first step is to manually fish out the paper in the paper studio, and then fish out about 300 sheets of wet paper layer with a thickness of 15 cm. The water is squeezed out; then, it is sent to the paper baking room for drying; after drying, the master craftsmen carefully trim and select the paper, and remove the unqualified paper to ensure the quality of the rice paper; finally, it is cut with a 60 cm long The paper machete cuts paper according to specifications and is ready for sale after packaging.
It is the unique production process that creates the high quality of Liancheng rice paper. The paper has moderate thickness, strong tensile strength, soft texture, dense and durable texture, white and clean to absorb ink, and can withstand wind, rain, sun exposure, and strong light without discoloration. It enjoys the reputation of "not fading for a hundred years and not yellowing for a thousand years." reputation. Moreover, Gutian's high-quality bleached rice paper has always been used by the Sibao woodblock printing industry to print more important book papers, providing favorable conditions for the development of the woodblock printing industry. In the early days of the Republic of China, Liancheng's rice paper industry reached its peak, with more than 1,000 handmade paper troughs, more than 10,000 workers, an annual output of 60,000 tons, and more than 50 paper shops. The products were exported to all parts of the country and Japan, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar, etc. This place became one of the top five rice paper producing areas in the country at that time.
Liancheng County took the initiative and cooperated with departments and enterprises to actively carry out the declaration of intangible cultural heritage of Liancheng rice paper making process. In September 2007, the process was listed as the second batch of provinces by the Fujian Provincial People's Government. level intangible cultural heritage list. As soon as the Spring Festival is over, every household in Gutian becomes busy carrying bamboos, preparing dragon boards, and tying dragons. The process of making a dragon is quite complex, including fifteen steps including dragon board preparation, tendon preparation, dragon head tying, dragon tail tying, dragon waist tying, dragon claw tying, dragon egg tying, pasting and mounting, dragon painting, cutting and pasting, inscription, and lighting installation. So much. Each section of the dragon board is four meters long, with a round hole drilled at both ends for interconnection. The dragon's head is 2.4 meters high and 7 meters long. The dragon's mouth contains a large red dragon ball, which has the potential to swallow clouds and spit out mist and shake the mountains and rivers. Each section of the dragon's waist is 2.2 meters high and 4.3 meters long. The dragon's tail is 2.4 meters high and 4.3 meters long. Six meters.
Each section of the dragon is carried and swam by five young adults in turn. The huge dragon head is held by three people, one person looks at the road in front, and four people use ropes to pull it from all directions, so that it can move forward smoothly. . Watching the young man with a bag on his shoulder and a dragon stick in his hand move step by step, staggering out while holding the big dragon, and having to deal with the squeeze from the front and back, I can't help but sweat. But for local young people, Qinglong is tiring but very interesting. It is the most lively scene during the New Year.