Construction technology of plastic-steel doors and windows
1 process flow: find rules by elastic thread → handle the openings of doors and windows → check the installation connectors → check the appearance of plastic doors and windows → transport them to the installation site as shown → install plastic doors and windows → caulk around doors and windows → install hardware fittings → clean them.
2 This process should adopt post-plug construction, and the structure construction should not be carried out after the riser.
3 Check whether the size of the hole of doors and windows is 3cm larger than the size of door and window frame, or chisel it out first.
4 according to the drawing size, put away the door window frame installation position line and riser elevation control line.
5 Install iron feet on the door and window frames.
6 Install the door and window frame, find the verticality and elevation according to the line, temporarily fix it with a wooden wedge, check the front vertical and diagonal lines, and fix the iron foot firmly with the structure with expansion bolts after passing the inspection.
7 caulking: the gap between the door window frame and the wall should be caulked according to the design requirements. If required by design elements, it shall be filled with asphalt hemp or foamed plastic. The surface is sealed with sealant with a thickness of 5 ~ 8 mm
Installation of door and window accessories: when installing, drill holes with electric drill first, and then screw them in with self-tapping screws. It is forbidden to knock with a hammer or hard object to prevent damage.
After installation, pay attention to the protection of finished products, prevent pollution, prevent welding sparks from burning and damage the surface.
Installation scheme of plastic-steel doors and windows
Plastic steel doors and windows are composed of frames and fans. Generally, the frame and fan are inlaid with 5-8 mm glass. The structure and construction features of plastic steel doors and windows are: light weight, high strength, heat preservation, sound insulation, dust prevention, moth prevention, durability, beautiful surface color and excellent decorative effect.
I. Material requirements
1, the specifications and models of plastic steel doors and windows should meet the design requirements, with complete hardware fittings and factory certificates.
2. Anticorrosive materials, caulking materials, sealing materials, antirust paint, cement, sand, connecting iron feet, connecting plates, etc. Should comply with the design requirements and related standards.
3. Before entering the site, the plastic-steel window shall be checked and accepted, and those who fail shall not enter the site. The plastic steel doors and windows delivered to the site should be neatly stacked in different specifications and stored in the warehouse. Handle with care and don't throw it about.
Second, the main machines and equipment
1, mechanical equipment
Electric hammer, nail gun, electric welding machine, theodolite.
2. Main tools
Screwdriver, hammer, backboard, pliers, spirit level, wire pendant.
Third, the operating conditions
1. The main structure has passed the acceptance of relevant quality departments. Handover procedures have been completed between various types of work.
2. Check whether the size of the hole and elevation of doors and windows meet the design requirements. Doors and windows with embedded parts should also check whether the number, location and embedding method of embedded parts meet the design requirements. If it does not meet the design requirements, it should be handled in time.
3. Play the center line of doors and windows according to the drawing size, and play the indoor +50cm horizontal line.
4, check the plastic doors and windows, if there is a crack edge channeling Angle and warping uneven, deviation exceeds the standard, surface damage, deformation and looseness, appearance color difference is bigger, should negotiate with relevant personnel to solve. After acceptance, it can be installed.
Fourth, the construction operation process
(A) marking positioning
1, according to the installation position, size and elevation of doors and windows in the design drawings, measure the door and window sideline to both sides according to the center line of doors and windows. For multi-storey or high-rise buildings, the top-floor door and window sideline shall prevail. Use pendants or theodolite to guide the door and window sideline, and draw lines at the doors and windows of each floor. The edges that are not straight should be chiseled away.
2, the horizontal position of doors and windows should be based on the floor indoor +50cm horizontal line up, measure the empty skin elevation, elastic line to find straight. Each layer must keep the elevation of the skin under the window consistent.
(2) Installation water for plastic steel doors and windows
According to the requirements of construction drawings, the waterproof layer should be fixed on the plastic-steel window, and ensure the correct position and firm installation.
(3) anti-corrosion treatment
1. When required by the design, the anti-corrosion treatment of the outer surface around the door window frame should be carried out according to the design requirements. If there is no requirement in the design, it can be protected by brushing anti-corrosion paint or pasting plastic film to avoid direct contact between cement mortar and the surface of plastic steel doors and windows, which will produce electrochemical reaction and cause corrosion of plastic steel doors and windows.
2. When installing plastic-steel doors and windows, if connecting iron parts are used for fixing, it is best to use stainless steel parts to connect iron parts, fixing parts and other metal parts for installation, otherwise, anti-corrosion treatment must be carried out to avoid electrochemical reaction and corrosion of plastic-steel doors and windows.
(4) Plastic steel doors and windows are installed in place.
Install plastic-steel door and window frames according to the marked door and window positioning lines, adjust the horizontal, vertical and diagonal lengths of the door and window frames in time to meet the quality standards, and then temporarily fix them with wooden wedges.
(5) Fixation of plastic steel doors and windows
1. When the wall is embedded with iron parts, the iron feet of plastic steel doors and windows can be directly welded with the embedded iron parts on the wall.
2, when there is no embedded iron on the wall, you can use a nail gun to fix the iron feet of plastic steel doors and windows on the wall.
3, when there is no embedded iron on the wall, metal expansion bolts or plastic expansion bolts can be used to fix the iron feet of plastic steel doors and windows on the wall.
4. When there is no embedded iron piece on the wall, you can also use an electric drill to make a hole with a depth of 80mm and a diameter of 6mm on the wall, use L-shaped 80*50 round 6 steel bars, stick 108 glue and mud on the long end, and then drive it into the hole. 108 after the final set of glue slurry, the iron feet of plastic steel doors and windows are welded firmly with the embedded round 6 steel bars.
(6) Treatment of the gap between the door window frame and the wall.
1. After the plastic doors and windows are installed and fixed, the concealed works should be accepted first, and the gaps between the door window frame and the wall should be handled in time according to the design requirements after passing the inspection.
2. If there is no requirement in the design, mineral wool or glass wool felt strips can be used to fill the gaps in layers, and 5-8 mm deep notches are left on the outer surface to fill the sealing ointment, or cement mortar or fine stone concrete can be filled on the outer surface around the door window frame after anti-corrosion treatment.
(7) Installation of door sash and door window glass
1, door sash and door window glass should be installed after the wall decoration of the hole is completed.
2. After the sliding doors and windows are installed and fixed in the door and window frame, put the whole casement with glass into the slideway in the frame, and adjust the gap between the frame and the casement.
3. The flat doors and windows are assembled on the wall with the frame and the sash. After the installation is fixed, the glass is installed, that is, the gap between the frame and the sash is adjusted first, then the glass is put into the sash and the position is adjusted, and finally the sealing strip and sealant are embedded.
4. The floor spring door should be installed and fixed in the door frame and the floor spring host before installing the door leaf. First, embed the glass into the door frame and put it in place together, adjust the gap of the door, and finally fill in the sealing strip and sealant of the door.
(8) Installation of hardware fittings
Galvanized screws for connecting hardware fittings with door width. The installed hardware fittings should be firm and flexible to use.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) quality standard
(A) to ensure that the project
1, the quality of plastic steel doors and windows and their accessories must meet the design requirements and the provisions of relevant standards.
2. The installation position and opening direction of plastic steel doors and windows must meet the design requirements.
3, plastic door window frame installation must be strong; The number, location, buried connection mode and anti-corrosion treatment of embedded parts must meet the design requirements.
(2) Basic projects
1, plastic door sash installation shall meet the following requirements:
(1) casement windows are tightly closed, with even gaps and flexible switches.
(2) The sliding door sash should be closed tightly, with even clearance, and the sash and frame should meet the design requirements.
(3) The automatic positioning of the spring door leaf is accurate, the opening angle is 90 degrees 1.5 degrees, and the closing time is within the range of 5- 10s.
2. Plastic door and window fittings are fully installed, with correct, firm, flexible and applicable installation positions to achieve their respective functions, correct and beautiful.
3. The surfaces of plastic steel doors and windows are clean without scratches, bumps and rust; The coating surface is smooth and flat, with uniform thickness and no air holes.
(3) Allowable deviation items
See the table below for the allowable deviation and inspection method of plastic steel doors and windows installation:
Inspection method of allowable deviation of project
1 Width and height of door and window slots ≤ 2000
>2000 1.5
+/-2 Check with 3m steel tape measure.
2. The difference between the notches of the opposite doors and windows is ≤ 2000.
>2000 ≤2
≤ 2.5 Check with 3m steel tape measure.
3. The difference between diagonal dimensions of notches of doors and windows is less than or equal to 2000.
>2000 ≤2
≤ 3 Check with 3m steel tape measure.
4 The verticality of the door window frame is less than 2000.
>2000 ≤2
2.5 or less with line drop, level check.
5 The levelness of the door window frame is less than 2000.
>2000 ≤ 1.5
≤ 2 Check with horizontal guide rule.
6. The difference in lap width between door and window sash is less than or equal to 2.
>2 1
+/- 1.5 Check with depth ruler or steel ruler.
7 The opening force of doors and windows is ≤ 60n. Check with 100N spring scale.
8. The elevation of transverse frame of doors and windows is less than 5. Check with a steel ruler.
9. The vertical deviation between doors and windows and the center is less than 5. Check with a steel ruler.
10 inner and outer frames of double doors and windows, and the center distance of frames is ≤4. Check with a steel ruler.
Six, finished product protection
1. After the temporary fixing of plastic steel doors and windows at the mouth of the cave, it is necessary to check whether the surrounding frames and intermediate frames are sealed and bandaged with specified protective tape and plastic film, and then fill in the gap between the door window frame and the wall of the cave to prevent cement mortar, grey water, spraying materials and other pollution from damaging the surface of plastic steel doors and windows. Before the indoor and outdoor wet operations are completed, the protective materials on the surfaces of doors and windows shall not be damaged.
2. Measures should be taken to prevent welding sparks from damaging the surrounding plastic-steel door and window profiles, glass and other materials.
3, it is strictly prohibited in the installed plastic doors and windows scaffolding, hanging heavy objects. Frequently in and out of the door hole, should protect the door frame in time. It is forbidden for construction personnel to trample on plastic steel doors and windows, and it is forbidden for construction personnel to touch plastic steel doors and windows.
4. When the protective tape is torn off before the project is completed, it should be peeled lightly to avoid cutting or scratching the oxide film on the plastic steel.
Seven. safety measure
1. Safety helmet must be worn when entering the site. It is forbidden to wear slippers, high heels, spiked shoes or enter the site barefoot.
2. The ladder for installation shall be firm and reliable, and shall not be short of gears. The ladder should not be placed too steep, and the included angle with the ground should be 60-70 degrees. It is forbidden for two people to work on a ladder at the same time. The operator on the high stool should stand in the middle, not at the end, in case of falling.
3, materials should be piled up smoothly. Tools should be conveniently placed in the tool bag. Don't throw things around when you pass them up and down.
4, mechanical and electrical equipment must be installed electric shock protector, to ensure the personal safety of operators.
5, often check whether the hammer handle is loose, electric welding machine, electric drill for leakage phenomenon, once found, immediately repair, shall not be forced to use.
Eight, the construction matters needing attention
1, when using multiple groups of combined plastic steel doors and windows, attention should be paid to the assembly quality, and the splicing head should be flat, and there should be no edge splitting and corner channeling.
2. During construction, product protection must be done strictly, damaged protective tapes and films should be sealed in time, and mortar dirt splashed on the surfaces of doors and windows should be removed in time to avoid surface pollution of plastic steel doors and windows.
3. The thickness of door and window glass should match the embedded groove and size of fan pin and sealing strip, and meet the national standards and design requirements. When installing the sealing strip, there should be room for expansion to avoid the sealing strip falling off.
4. The dirt and dust traces on the surfaces of doors and windows should be washed off with special depth agent or cotton yarn dipped in water, and the redundant embedded traces should be cleaned up in time, and the surfaces of plastic steel doors and windows should not be scratched. The finished surfaces of plastic steel doors and windows should be clean and beautiful.
Two, aviation, aircraft door inspection, hatch cover inspection, sealing requirements
Method and instrument for testing aircraft maintenance tightness
It can be solved by using the aircraft leakage tester, and can also be used for automobile sealing, wind noise, water leakage detection, aircraft sealing safety detection, ship sealing detection, air tightness detection, pressure vessel leakage detection and so on.
principle
Because ultrasonic wave is a kind of high-frequency short-wave signal with strong directivity, this kind of sound wave can't be directly heard by human ears. When we can completely detect these sounds through the aircraft leak detector, we can know from physics that gas always flows from the high pressure side to the low pressure side. When the pressure difference only appears in the small hole, the turbulence generated by the gas will produce ultrasonic waves at the small hole. Using this principle, the gas leakage point can be accurately located by using ultrasonic detection technology. Therefore, it can be used to locate defect points. The ultrasonic signal generator can generate ultrasonic signals in containers or cabins. If there is a defect in the seal of the container or engine room, the ultrasonic signal will leak from the defect, and the leaked ultrasonic signal can be received by the aircraft leak detector. The instrument uses a unique heterodyne method to convert these ultrasonic signals into audio signals, so that users can hear these sounds through headphones and see the intensity indication on the instrument display screen to judge the size of the leakage. The principle of heterodyne is like a radio, which can accurately convert the signal into sound, making it easy for people to recognize and understand. The advantage of using ultrasonic technology is easy to understand and more convenient. Ultrasonic testing has the following characteristics: ultrasonic has directivity; Ultrasonic waves are easily blocked or shielded; Ultrasonic instruments can be used in noisy environment; The change of ultrasonic wave can predict potential problems; Ultrasonic instruments are easier to operate. Therefore, it is widely used in automobile/airplane/ship cockpit sealing test.
How the aircraft leak tester works;
There are many systems on the plane that can be checked by ultrasonic instruments. Some common applications include: testing fuel unit, oxygen system, hot air pipeline, cabin pressure, tire leakage, air flotation device, hydraulic valve and drive device leakage. It can also be used to find the leakage of cockpit doors and windows, and can also identify potential problems from bearings, pumps, motors and gears.
Operating system:
Such as compressed gas systems, valves, electric pumps, etc. All these produce ultrasonic signals. Some high-frequency sounds come from turbulence, others from friction. When parts begin to wear, damage or leak, the normal ultrasonic form will change, which can be detected by the increase of amplitude, the change of sound quality or the change of sound mode. Because of its portability, ease of use and flexibility, the aircraft leak tester can be used to detect all aircraft. The aircraft leak tester can detect instantaneous ultrasonic changes and convert these signals so that they can be heard through headphones, and an increase in intensity, usually decibels, can be observed on the display dashboard. By using the scanning or contact plug-in module, the leakage or mechanical failure of the equipment can be detected. Ultraprobe15,000, ultraprobe10,000, Ultraprobe9000 and Ultraprobe3000 series digital instruments have airborne recording and data import functions, which can help operators to record sound examples and accurately analyze the state. Ultraprobe9000IS and Ultraprobe9000ATEX have intrinsic safety levels for environments requiring intrinsic safety testing.
test method
For general leak detection, in scanning mode, move slightly along the test area, listen carefully to the maximum hiss and track it to the maximum point, and adjust the sensitivity knob if necessary to adjust the sensitivity. Similarly, the patented ultrasonic signal generator is used to test cabin pressure and cockpit window leakage. For valves and actuators, contact upstream and reduce sensitivity to centerline readings, and compare downstream readings. Over time, it's as simple as comparing the reading value with the sound examples as a trend.
Typical application of aerospace industry
Pressure leakage in engine room, sealing test of engine room glass, wing box, aileron and tail of military and civil aircraft,
Emergency oxygen system, nitrogen system, full static pressure system, pneumatic valve, spacecraft seal detection, orbital module detection, satellite,
Keywords fuel tank leakage, fuel system leakage, hot gas pipeline leakage, brake, engine control system ECS, air delivery system,
Emergency life rafts, tire pressure systems, hydraulic systems, life-saving equipment, aircraft doors, cockpit windows, aircraft skin seals, air pressure system leakage and bearing integrity of aircraft and helicopters, air conditioning system leakage, internal air pressure valves and gasket seals,
Other industry applications
Shipbuilding industry: comprehensive watertight test, waterproof test, hatch cover, watertight compartment, watertight door, gate, LNG storage tank, refrigerated ship, hovercraft, motorboat, natural gas carrier, bulkhead, pneumatic system, leakage of refrigeration system, valves, heat exchangers, steam coolers, condensers, bearing monitoring, pumps, electrical switches, junction boxes and relays.
Automobile transportation industry: automobile door and window sealing, automobile and train door and window glass sealing, wind noise, door sealing, cab windproof, air conditioning system leakage, liquefied gas tank car, refrigerated truck, tank car, pneumatic braking system, cargo hold, weld, hatch, gasket, water leakage (QC detection), bearing system, electric contact arc and corona. Bearing inspection and monitoring of lubrication failure and excessive lubrication, ultrasonic seal nondestructive testing.
Petrochemical industry: gas station, oil pipeline leakage detection, transport container leakage detection (nitrogen, air, methane-butane), leakage detection, high-pressure valve fault detection.
Military system industry: vehicles, warships, hovercraft, submarines, aircraft, spacecraft, weapon systems, fuel leakage, and integrity of nuclear facilities.
Power and electrical industry: remote leak detection of air cooling island, remote detection of high-pressure gas leakage, vacuum negative pressure leakage, high-pressure discharge power failure, online detection of high-speed bearing failure, internal leakage detection of valves and pipelines, negative pressure leakage detection of air cooling system, internal leakage detection of high-pressure hot and cold valves, hydrogen leakage detection of generator sets, online detection of high-altitude high-temperature and high-pressure pipelines, and sealing detection of various boilers, storage tanks and pipelines during power plant maintenance. State detection of motor bearings under high noise and vibration, and on-line quality detection of high voltage switchgear (circuit breakers, disconnectors, etc.). ), transformer and high voltage transmission line joint state detection, air cooling island remote leakage detection, vacuum system pipeline leakage detection, steam turbine leakage detection, valve internal leakage detection, insulator fault detection and location, electrical equipment partial discharge detection, corona discharge detection, high voltage switch insulation detection, and various key bearing state detection. Sealing monitoring of various waste gas treatment systems, integrity testing of condensing equipment, integrity testing of high-voltage joints of main transformers, and online quality testing of various high-voltage switchgear (circuit breakers, disconnectors, etc.). ).
More industrial applications: pressure vacuum leakage detection/sealing nondestructive detection/electrical partial or arc discharge detection/bearing gear fault detection/valve fault leakage detection/steam flap valve fault detection.